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Morphology of Diaporthosporella cercidicola collected from Cercis chinensis (BJFC-S1356, holotype). AeC: Habit of conidiomata on twig. D: Transverse section through a conidioma. E: Longitudinal section through conidiomata. F: Habit of ascomata on twig. G, H: Transverse section through ascomata. I: Conidia. JeN: Conidiophores and conidia. O:
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Diaporthosporella cercidicola, collected from diseased branches of Cercis chinensis in China, is herein described and illustrated. Evidence for this new genus and species is provided by both holomorphic morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Diaporthosporella cannot be classified into any existing family. Thus, Diaporthosporellaceae is introduced as...
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Here, we test the current generic delimitation of Rostania (Collemataceae, Peltigerales, Ascomycota) utilizing molecular phylogeny and morphological investigations. Using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial SSU rDNA and two nuclear protein-coding genes (MCM7 and β-tubulin) and utilizing parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic m...
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... [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and Ceratosphaeria aquatica Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde and H.Y. Su and Pyricularia grisea Cooke ex Sacc. as the outgroups. ...
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is one of the most important economic plants in China, and has many benefits for human health. Anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases of tea in China, and control of the fungus is important since most Chinese cultivars are susceptible to it. The agent of tea anthracnose was initially described as Gloeosporium theae-sinensis I. Miyake in Japan, which was later transferred to Discula, but this taxonomic position remains problematic. To shed light on these taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, the tea anthracnose pathogens were re-studied. Combining the morphological characteristics and a multigene phylogenetic analysis of nrITS, nrLSU, rpb2, and tef1 sequence data, a new genus Sinodiscula was proposed to accommodate the causal fungi of tea anthracnose, including a new species Sinodiscula camellicola and a new combination Sinodiscula theae-sinensis. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the pathogens was determined according to Koch’s postulates. This study thoroughly resolves the long-standing taxonomic and phylogenetic problems of the tea anthracnose pathogens.
... Later, the family Togniniaceae was transferred into Togniniales from Diaporthales using LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data (Gramaje et al., 2015;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2015Maharachchikumbura et al., , 2016. The use of multi-gene analysis for the identification of Diaporthales species was seen in subsequent studies, such as the combination of ITS-beta-tubulin (tub2) and ITS-LSU (Gryzenhout et al., 2006;Mostert et al., 2006;Cheewangkoon et al., 2010;Crous et al., 2012;Voglmayr et al., 2012Voglmayr et al., , 2017Suetrong et al., 2015;Réblová et al., 2016;Du et al., 2017;Yang et al., 2018;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2021). Voglmayr and Jaklitsch (2014) demonstrated through the evaluation of Stegonsporium and Stilbospora that LSU alone did not always contain sufficient phylogenetic resolution to identify consistently well-supported phylogenetic relationships at the generic level, and our research results matched this as well. ...
Diaporthales is a species-rich order of fungi that includes endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens associated with forest plants and crops. They may also occur as parasites or secondary invaders of plant tissues injured or infected by other organisms or inhabit living animal and human tissues, as well as soil. Meanwhile, some severe pathogens wipe out large-scale cultivations of profitable crops, timber monocultures, and forests. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-α , and rpb2 sequence data, generated using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and MrBayes (BI), we introduce two new genera of Diaporthales found in Dipterocarpaceae in Thailand, namely Pulvinaticonidioma and Subellipsoidispora . Pulvinaticonidioma is characterized by solitary, subglobose, pycnidial, unilocular conidiomata with the internal layers convex and pulvinate at the base; hyaline, unbranched, septate conidiophores; hyaline, phialidic, cylindrical to ampulliform, determinate conidiogenous cells and hyaline, cylindrical, straight, unicellular, and aseptate conidia with obtuse ends. Subellipsoidispora has clavate to broadly fusoid, short pedicellate asci with an indistinct J- apical ring; biturbinate to subellipsoidal, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, guttulate ascospores that are 1-septate and slightly constricted at the septa. Detailed morphological and phylogenetic comparisons of these two new genera are provided in this study.
... Families, genera, and species within Diaporthales are now characterized and separated based on a combination of morphology and molecular data [12,29,30,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. The present study described and illustrated nine species (within five genera) of Diaporthales isolated from various host plants in Guizhou Province, China, including Gnomoniopsis mostly as host-specific fungi [61,62,65,73]. ...
In a study of fungi isolated from plant material in Guizhou Province, China, we identified 23 strains of Diaporthales belonging to nine species. These are identified from multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 gene sequence data coupled with morphological studies. The fungi include a new genus (Pseudomastigosporella) in Foliocryphiaceae isolated from Acer palmatum and Hypericum patulum, a new species of Chrysofolia isolated from Coriaria nepalensis, and five new species of Diaporthe isolated from Juglans regia, Eucommia ulmoides, and Hypericum patulum. Gnomoniopsis rosae and Coniella quercicola are newly recorded species for China.
... The order comprises many destructive plant pathogens causing diseases on various crops, ornamental plants and forest trees, as well as numerous endophytic and saprobic fungal species (Udayanga et al. 2011Shuttleworth and Guest 2017;Senanayake et al. 2017a;Jiang et al. 2019Jiang et al. , 2020. It currently contains approximately 31 families supported by molecular data, with many recent additions and segregations of genera and families within the order (Castlebury et al. 2002;Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007;Rossman et al. 2007Rossman et al. , 2015Rossman et al. , 2016Yang et al. 2018;Voglmayr et al. 2017Voglmayr et al. , 2019aJiang et al. 2020). Although the phylogenetic relationships and species composition of the majority of commonly encountered pathogenic genera are known, much work remains to be done concerning more obscure taxa from various geographic locations around the world (Zhang and Blackwell 2001;Rossman et al. 2007;Yun and Rossman 2011;Crous et al. 2012aCrous et al. , 2012bWalker et al. 2012;Rossman et al. 2015). ...
... The conventionally used nuc 28S rDNA roughly distinguished taxa at generic and family levels, but several genera and families were poorly supported or otherwise not distinguished. Single morphological characters previously used to segregate genera or families in ascomycetes have often been found to be discordant with multilocus phylogenies and phylogenomic analyses (Choi and Kim 2017;Yang et al. 2018;Voglmayr et al. 2019b). ...
Phytopathogenic fungi in the order Diaporthales ( Sordariomycetes ) cause diseases on numerous economically important crops worldwide. In this study, we reassessed the diaporthalean species associated with prominent diseases of strawberry, namely leaf blight, leaf blotch, root rot and petiole blight, based on molecular data and morphological characters using fresh and herbarium collections. Combined analyses of four nuclear loci, 28S ribosomal DNA/large subunit rDNA ( LSU ), ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S ribosomal DNA ( ITS ), partial sequences of second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( RPB2 ) and translation elongation factor 1-α ( TEF1 ), were used to reconstruct a phylogeny for these pathogens. Results confirmed that the leaf blight pathogen formerly known as Phomopsis obscurans belongs in the family Melanconiellaceae and not with Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis ) or any other known genus in the order. A new genus Paraphomopsis is introduced herein with a new combination, Paraphomopsis obscurans , to accommodate the leaf blight fungus. Gnomoniopsis fragariae comb. nov. ( Gnomoniaceae ), is introduced to accommodate Gnomoniopsis fructicola , the cause of leaf blotch of strawberry. Both of the fungi causing leaf blight and leaf blotch were epitypified. Fresh collections and new molecular data were incorporated for Paragnomonia fragariae ( Sydowiellaceae ), which causes petiole blight and root rot of strawberry and is distinct from the above taxa. An updated multilocus phylogeny for the Diaporthales is provided with representatives of currently known families.
... Diaporthales is well classified into families based on morphological and phylogenetic studies (Voglmayr and Jaklitsch 2014;Norphanphoun et al. 2016;Voglmayr et al. 2017;Fan et al. 2018a;Senanayake et al. 2018;Yang et al. 2018a), and up to 32 families were accepted in the order Diaporthales (Jiang et al. 2021). Specimens can be identified to specific level by morphological characters, such as transversely distoseptate brown conidia of Coryneum (Jiang et al. 2018b(Jiang et al. , 2019cSenwanna et al. 2018); allantoid ascospores and conidia of Cytospora ; two-guttulate fusiform conidia of Diaporthe-like taxa Yang et al. 2018a, b); stromatic tissues turning to purple in 3% KOH of Cryphonectriaceae species (Chen et al. 2013(Chen et al. , 2018; dark acervular conidiomata with conspicuous central column of Melanconis-like taxa (Fan et al. 2016;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2020). ...
Melanconis-like fungi are distributed in several families of Diaporthales, mainly Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae and Pseudomelanconidaceae. A new Melanconis-like genus of Pseudomelanconidaceae was discovered on branches of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) in southern China, which was confirmed by both morphology and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, tef1a and rpb2 sequences. The new genus Micromelanconis is characterized by two types of conidia from natural substrate and manual media of PDA, respectively. Conidia from Chinese chestnut branches are pale brown, ellipsoid, multiguttulate, aseptate with hyaline sheath. While conidia from PDA plates are pale brown, long dumbbell-shaped, narrow at the middle and wide at both ends, multiguttulate, aseptate, and also with hyaline sheath. All Pseudomelanconidaceae species were only reported on tree branches in China until now. More interesting taxa may be discovered if detailed surveys on tree-inhabiting fungi are carried out in East Asia in the future.
... The higher-level taxonomy of Diaporthales has changed in the past decade, with up to 29 families presently recognized (Gryzenhout et al. 2006c;Cheewangkoon et al. 2010;Crous et al. 2012aCrous et al. , 2019Voglmayr et al. 2012Voglmayr et al. , 2017Voglmayr and Jaklitsch 2014;Suetrong et al. 2015;Alvarez et al. 2016;Norphanphoun et al. 2016;Du et al. 2017;Yang et al. 2018;Guterres et al. 2019). Sexual morphs of these families are characterized by perithecia with elongate beaks, often forming within stromatic tissues, deliquescent paraphyses, and asci that generally deliquesce, become detached from the perithecial wall when mature, and have a refractive apical annulus (Castlebury et al. 2002;Senanayake et al. 2017Senanayake et al. , 2018Fan et al. 2018a). ...
... Families, genera, and species in Diaporthales are now characterized and separated based on a combination of morphology and molecular data (Voglmayr et al. 2012(Voglmayr et al. , 2017Voglmayr and Jaklitsch 2014;Suetrong et al. 2015;Alvarez et al. 2016;Norphanphoun et al. 2016;Senanayake et al. 2017Senanayake et al. , 2018Fan et al. 2018a;Yang et al. 2018;Guterres et al. 2019;Jiang et al. 2019a). Including our results, 31 families have been established in Diaporthales to date (FIG. ...
The Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) includes many important families of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the notorious Cryphonectriaceae. The aim of the present study was to re-evaluate this family, along with others in Diaporthales. Based on phylogenetic analyses using combined sequence data of ITS, 28S, tef1-α and rpb2, Cryphonectriaceae separated into two subclades, comprising 21 genera and 55 species. Foliocryphiaceae fam. nov. is morphologically and phylogenetically its closest relative, but is distinct due to its phylogeny and dimorphic conidia. Mastigosporellaceae fam. nov. is distinguished from other families in Diaporthales by owning apical conidial appendages. Neocryphonectria gen. nov. within the family Foliocryphiaceae, with two species associated with Carpinus canker in China, is characterized by fusoid, aseptate macroconidia. Additionally, two new combinations are proposed, namely Cryphonectria citrina based on Chromendothia citrina and Cytospora viridistroma based on Endothia viridistoma. Based on results obtained in this study, 31 families are accepted in Diaporthales.
... The new family Diaporthostomataceae is introduced here based on phylogenetic inferences and morphology of its members, which are mainly characterised by conical and discrete perithecia, and bicellular, fusoid ascospores. The new family is morphologically distinct from its sister family Diaporthosporellaceae, which is also distinguished from other diaporthalean families by irregularly uniseriate, allantoid or subreniform ascospores, phialidic conidiophores, and cylindrical to ellipsoidal, aseptate conidia (Yang et al. 2018). Members of Diaporthosporellaceae are known from twigs and branches of Cercis chinensis (Yang et al. 2018), and representatives of Diaporthostomataceae occur on Machilus leptophylla, both occurring in China. ...
... The new family is morphologically distinct from its sister family Diaporthosporellaceae, which is also distinguished from other diaporthalean families by irregularly uniseriate, allantoid or subreniform ascospores, phialidic conidiophores, and cylindrical to ellipsoidal, aseptate conidia (Yang et al. 2018). Members of Diaporthosporellaceae are known from twigs and branches of Cercis chinensis (Yang et al. 2018), and representatives of Diaporthostomataceae occur on Machilus leptophylla, both occurring in China. Melanconiellaceae to accommodate the previous unresolved Melanconiella clade in Diaporthales. ...
In this study we accept 25 families in Diaporthales based on phylogenetic analyses using partial ITS,
LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α gene sequences. Four different families associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts
are morphologically treated and phylogenetically compared. These include three new families (Diaporthostomataceae,
Pseudomelanconidaceae, Synnemasporellaceae), and one new genus, Dendrostoma (Erythrogloeaceae).
Dendrostoma is newly described from Malus spectabilis, Osmanthus fragrans and Quercus acutissima having
fusoid to cylindrical, bicellular ascospores, with three new species namely D. mali, D. osmanthi and D. quercinum.
Diaporthostomataceae is characterised by conical and discrete perithecia with bicellular, fusoid ascospores on
branches of Machilus leptophylla. Pseudomelanconidaceae is defined by conidiogenous cells with apical collarets
and discreet annellations, and the inconspicuous hyaline conidial sheath when mature on Carya cathayensis,
compared to morphologically similar families Melanconidaceae and Juglanconidaceae. Synnemasporellaceae is
proposed to accommodate fungi with synnematous conidiomata, with descriptions of S. toxicodendri on Toxicodendron
sylvestre and S. aculeans on Rhus copallina.
This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of ascomycetes collected from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics in conjunction with DNA sequence data, 70 species are identified and distributed in two classes (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes), 16 orders, 41 families and 60 genera. One order Planisphaeriales, four families Leptosphaerioidaceae, Neoleptosporellaceae, Planisphaeriaceae and Profundisphaeriaceae, ten genera Conicosphaeria, Karstiomyces, Leptosphaerioides, Neoceratosphaeria, Neodiaporthe, Neodictyospora, Planisphaeria, Profundisphaeria, Stellatus and Truncatascus, and 34 species (Amphisphaeria karsti, Anteaglonium hydei, Atractospora terrestris, Conicosphaeria vaginatispora, Corylicola hydei, Diaporthe cylindriformispora, Dictyosporium karsti, Hysterobrevium karsti, Karstiomyces guizhouensis, Leptosphaerioides guizhouensis, Lophiotrema karsti, Murispora hydei, Muyocopron karsti, Neoaquastroma guizhouense, Neoceratosphaeria karsti, Neodiaporthe reniformispora, Neodictyospora karsti, Neoheleiosa guizhouensis, Neoleptosporella fusiformispora, Neoophiobolus filiformisporum, Ophioceras guizhouensis, Ophiosphaerella karsti, Paraeutypella longiasca, Paraeutypella karsti, Patellaria guizhouensis, Planisphaeria karsti, Planisphaeria reniformispora, Poaceascoma herbaceum, Profundisphaeria fusiformispora, Pseudocoleophoma guizhouensis, Pseudopolyplosphaeria guizhouensis, Stellatus guizhouensis, Sulcatispora karsti and Truncatascus microsporus) are introduced as new to science. Moreover, 13 new geographical records for China are also reported, which are Acrocalymma medicaginis, Annulohypoxylon thailandicum, Astrosphaeriella bambusae, Diaporthe novem, Hypoxylon rubiginosum, Ophiosphaerella agrostidis, Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis, Patellaria atrata, Polyplosphaeria fusca, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Sarimanas shirakamiense, Thyridaria broussonetiae and Tremateia chromolaenae. Additionally, the family Eriomycetaceae was resurrected as a non-lichenized family and accommodated within Monoblastiales. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.
An updated account of Fagales-inhabiting Italian Ascomycota and mycogeography, with additions to Pezizomycotina. Abstract Studies of plant-associated Ascomycota are topical, as they have varied life modes depending on their hosts in different ecosystems. In Italy, Fagales are economically and ecologically important plants, especially in the Alps and Apennine mountain ranges. Fagales species host numerous ascomycetous species, comprising endophytes, saprobes, or pathogens. We retrieved data from 308 publications from 1873 to 2021 and listed 776 Ascomycota on Fagales in Italy. Among these, 696 were identified at the species level and 80 at the genus level. Documented taxa belong to Pezizomycotina (746), Saccharomycotina (2), Taphrinomycotina (5), and Ascomycota genera incertae sedis (23). Sordariomycetes are dominant (34%), followed by Dothideomycetes (24%), Lecanoromycetes (16%), and Leotiomycetes (11%). Distribution maps were provided for the occurrence of Fagales trees and Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, and Sordariomycetes taxa. Lichenized taxa were excluded from the mapping. We provided additions to Valsariaceae (Valsaria rudis) in Dothideomycetes, Coryneaceae (Coryneum modonium), Melanconiellaceae (Melanconiella flavovirens and M. meridionalis), and Woswasiaceae (Woswasia atropurpurea) in Sordariomycetes. These taxa represent a novel host record, a provincial record, and four regional records in Italy. Species boundaries were defined using polyphasic approaches. In addition, taxonomic notes were provided for each reported class, including incertae sedis genera. The study provides information on the taxonomy, hosts, and distribution of Ascomycota in Italy to encourage further research related to important plant species.
Keywords – checklist – host-fungal distribution – morphology – phylogeny – taxonomy
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
