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Morphology and infraciliature of Nolandia sinica spec. nov. (a–e, g, h), Nolandia orientalis Chen et al. , 2010 (f, i), Pinacocoleps similis (Kahl, 1933) Chen et al. , 2010 (j, k), Nolandia nolandi (Kahl, 1930) Small & Lynn, 1985 (l, m), Coleps hirtus hirtus (Mu ̈ ller, 1786) Nitzsch, 1827 (n, o). (a) Lateral view of a typical individual. (b) Detail of anterior main plate. (c) Detail of posterior main plate. (d, e) Showing variations in body shape. (f) Posterior main plate of N. orientalis . (g) Ciliary pattern at apical end of body. (h) Lateral view of a protargol-impregnated specimen, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. (i) Lateral view of N. orientalis (from Chen et al. , 2010). (j) Lateral view of Pinacocoleps similis (from Chen et al. , 2010). (k) Detail of armour plates of Pinacocoleps similis . (l) Lateral view of N. nolandi (from Wilbert & Schmall, 1976). (m) Detail of main plate of N. nolandi . (n) C. hirtus hirtus (from Foissner, 1984). (o) Detail of main plate of C. hirtus hirtus. AO, adoral organelle; AS, anterior spine; CC, caudal cilium; CK, circumoral kinety; CO, ciliary outlet; CV, contractile vacuole; IB, inner oral basket; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; OB, outer oral basket; PC, perioral ciliary; PS, posterior spine; R, ridge; SK, somatic kinety; W, window. Bars, 20 m m.
Source publication
The morphology of three marine colepid ciliates, Nolandia sinica spec. nov., Apocoleps caoi spec. nov. and Tiarina fusa (Claparède & Lachmann, 1858) Bergh, 1881, isolated from Chinese coastal waters, was investigated. N. sinica spec. nov. may be separated from its congeners by the structure of its armour plates, each of which may have up to five re...
Contexts in source publication
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... locality. Sandy beach near Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China (36 u 069 N 120 u 299 E). (Fig. 1h). Contractile vacuole caudal (Fig. 1a, e). Armour composed of Nolandia- type plates arranged in six tiers, (1) circumoral, (2) ante- rior secondary, (3) anterior main, (4) posterior main, (5) posterior secondary and (6) caudal, each of which comprises approximately 16 rectangular plates. Circumoral tier poorly visible in vivo. Anterior ...
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... locality. Sandy beach near Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China (36 u 069 N 120 u 299 E). (Fig. 1h). Contractile vacuole caudal (Fig. 1a, e). Armour composed of Nolandia- type plates arranged in six tiers, (1) circumoral, (2) ante- rior secondary, (3) anterior main, (4) posterior main, (5) posterior secondary and (6) caudal, each of which comprises approximately 16 rectangular plates. Circumoral tier poorly visible in vivo. Anterior secondary plates with sharply pointed ...
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... (3) anterior main, (4) posterior main, (5) posterior secondary and (6) caudal, each of which comprises approximately 16 rectangular plates. Circumoral tier poorly visible in vivo. Anterior secondary plates with sharply pointed anterior ends; some with inconspicuous anterior spines (Figs 1a and 2a). Anterior main plates usually with five windows (Fig. 1a, b), posterior main plates with four (Fig. 1a, c), and posterior secondary plates with two. Caudal tier visible only in oblique or posterior polar views, with posterior spines up to 5 mm long (Figs 1a, d, e and 2a, c, ...
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... secondary and (6) caudal, each of which comprises approximately 16 rectangular plates. Circumoral tier poorly visible in vivo. Anterior secondary plates with sharply pointed anterior ends; some with inconspicuous anterior spines (Figs 1a and 2a). Anterior main plates usually with five windows (Fig. 1a, b), posterior main plates with four (Fig. 1a, c), and posterior secondary plates with two. Caudal tier visible only in oblique or posterior polar views, with posterior spines up to 5 mm long (Figs 1a, d, e and 2a, c, ...
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... main plates usually with five windows (Fig. 1a, b), posterior main plates with four (Fig. 1a, c), and posterior secondary plates with two. Caudal tier visible only in oblique or posterior polar views, with posterior spines up to 5 mm long (Figs 1a, d, e and 2a, c, d). ...
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... opening in centre of anterior pole. Circumoral kinety consisting of ring of dikinetids located next to anterior ends of somatic kineties, interrupted by adoral organelles (Fig. 1g). Adoral organelles 1 and 2 consisting of three dikinetids, organelle 3 consisting of four dikinetids. Oral basket appro- ximately 15 mm in length, located in centre of cytostome. ...
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... sinica differs from N. nolandi in the following plate features: (1) teeth of right plate margin alternately arranged with windows (vs at same level as windows); (2) teeth very long and finger-shaped (vs teeth short and thorn-like) (Fig. 1b, c, l and Table 2; Wilbert & Schmall 1976). The divergence of these two forms is also supported by SSU rRNA gene sequence data which show a difference of 65 nt (Table ...
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... plates: (1) windows large, border between adjacent windows inconspicuous (vs windows with wide and conspicuous border between adjacent windows); (2) ridge conspicuous and thickened, slightly nearer the left margin (vs ridge inconspicuous and slightly nearer the right margin); (3) absence of granules near left plate margin (vs granules present) (Fig. 1b, c, f, i and . Both can be easily distin- guished from N. sinica by the plate windows, these being absent in Pinacocoleps similis and pretzel-shaped bi- windows in C. hirtus, whereas N. sinica has reniform uni- windows (Fig. 1a, b, j, k, n, o and Armour composed of Nolandia-type plates arranged in eight tiers, (1) circumoral, (2) anterior ...
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... and slightly nearer the right margin); (3) absence of granules near left plate margin (vs granules present) (Fig. 1b, c, f, i and . Both can be easily distin- guished from N. sinica by the plate windows, these being absent in Pinacocoleps similis and pretzel-shaped bi- windows in C. hirtus, whereas N. sinica has reniform uni- windows (Fig. 1a, b, j, k, n, o and Armour composed of Nolandia-type plates arranged in eight tiers, (1) circumoral, (2) anterior tertiary, (3) anterior secondary, (4) anterior main, (5) posterior main, (6) posterior secondary, (7) posterior tertiary and (8) Oral opening in centre of anterior pole. Circumoral kinety consisting of ring of dikinetids ...
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Citations
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... The upper 5 cm layer of sand was collected together with seawater from the site. Specimens were maintained in Petri dishes at room temperature (about 20°C) with added rice grains to enrich bacteria as food for the ciliates (Chen et al. 2012). Attempts to culture the two species failed; therefore all studies were carried out on freshly isolated specimens. ...
... One of them, the amoeboid alga Rhizochromulina marina, is not reported to produce biosilica, yet it belongs to the taxon Dictyochophyceae, which also includes silicoflagellates that form siliceous skeletons [34][35][36]. The other nondiatom homologue of Sin1 is present in the colepid ciliate Tiarina fusa, which is a protozoan that forms a shell made of calcium carbonate [37]. This suggests an evolutionary relationship between the mechanisms for the biomineralization of silica and calcium carbonate, which has recently been also demonstrated for three coccolithophore species [19]. ...
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Results
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Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0400-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
... From 20 cells, various morphological characters were observed with scanning electron microscopy, notably an armored skeleton composed of calcium carbonate plates (Figures 1a and b) Table S7). Both taxa live in marine waters and display a fusiform and elongated body with large longitudinal rows of calcium carbonate plates arranged in six different regions (called 'tiers'), as well as a wing-like structure that is absent in other Colepidae species (Figures 1a and b; Chen et al., 2012). These morphological commonalities, which are typically used for genus recognition within the Colepidae (Foissner et al., 2008), lead us to argue that the newly isolated ciliate belongs to the genus Tiarina, Berg 1881. ...
... In addition to T. fusus, the genus Tiarina is composed of several species including T. meunieri, T. borealis, T. antarctica and T. levigata, but these have very old, incomplete morphological descriptions without reference microscopy images or molecular data. Only T. fusus (Chen et al., 2012) and T. meunieri (previously named Stapperisa fusus, observed in the Arctic and the North Sea; Meunier, 1910;Kahl, 1930) are taxonomically recognized species. Compared with T. fusus, the newly isolated ciliate has a larger length-to-width ratio (1.5 times more), lacks armor spines and possesses long somatic cilia arranged in 18 or more ciliary rows (T. ...
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... Plagiopogon loricatus, Plagiopogon sp., Prorodon ovum and Placus salinus were collected from the coast seawater near Qingdao (36˚08´N, 120˚43´E), China. Ciliates were isolated under a dissecting microscope using glass micropipettes and were identified using live observations and silver impregnation techniques according to previous descriptions (Chen et al., 2012;Pan et al., 2013). Terminology and systematic classification were according to Lynn (2008). ...
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The morphology and infraciliature of a poorly-known colepid ciliate, Pinacocoleps tesselatus (Kahl, 1930) Foissner et al., 2008, collected from brackish-water biotope (salinity 12 ‰) in Hangzhou Bay, China, were investigated using live observations and silver impregnations. This species is characterized by its length of 60–85 μm in vivo, ovular shape, two anterior and three posterior spines, 21–25 longitudinal and 11 ransverse ciliary rows on average, a macro and micro nucleus,
and one terminal contractile vacuole. The key to all known seven Pinacocoleps species is updated. Additionally, we characterized the taxon P. tesselatus via small subunit rRNA gene data. Our phylogenetic analyses performed using both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods indicate that P. tesselatus falls into the core assemblage of the family Colepidae.
... The upper 5 cm layer of sand was collected together with seawater from the site. Specimens were maintained in Petri dishes at room temperature (about 20°C) with added rice grains to enrich bacteria as food for the ciliates (Chen et al. 2012). Attempts to culture the two species failed; therefore all studies were carried out on freshly isolated specimens. ...
ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus Abstract. The morphology, morphogenesis and infraciliature of two marine euplotid ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932, isolated from a sandy beach of the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, were investigated using observa-tions in vivo and protargol-impregnation methods. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. is characterized by a combination of features including its huge body size (100–170 × 80–120 μm), 10 conspicuous dorsal ridges, 10 normal-sized frontoventral and two marginal cirri, and 11 dorsal kineties. Euplotes balteatus is mainly characterized by 10 frontoventral, two caudal, and two left marginal cirri, 7–10 dorsal kineties and 5–7 prominent dorsal ridges as well as double-eurystomus silverline system. The small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequences were determined for both species and phylogenetic analyses based on these data indicated that E. dammamensis is most closely related to E. parabalteatus Jiang et al., 2010, and E. balteatus clusters with E. plicatum Valbonesi et al., 1997, E. orientalis Jiang et al., 2010, and E. bisulcatus Kahl, 1932.
