Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Background:
Ganoderma is a complex genus with high morphological variability. Ganoderma subincrustatum is a common parasite and saprophytic species, and its circumscription is doubtful for some authors. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological variability of wild and cultivated specimens of G. subincrustatum.
Methods:
Ganoderma subin...
Citations
... tree in La Sierra de Mazatán, Ures, Sonora, México. Both species were previously recorded by López-Peña et al. [21,22]. Strains were deposited in the Fungus Collection of the Plant and Fungi Biotechnology Laboratory of the Research Center in Food and Development A.C.; G. subincrustatum was registered as BH-1 and G. weberianum as BH-21. ...
... Moreover, GA Mi was obtained from the mycelium of G. lucidum. The substituents can be at the C- 3,7,11,12,15,22,23,24, and 25 positions of the lanostane skeleton [13]. ...
The genus Ganoderma has been little studied in arid areas worldwide. Ganoderma subincrustatum and Ganoderma weberianum strains were obtained from the Sonoran Desert, Sonora, Mexico. Ganoderma spp. synthesize triterpenoids such as ganoderic acids with antiproliferative activity because they inhibit specific targets, induce apoptosis, and increase the activity of killer cells. Mycelium and fruiting body chloroform extracts from G. subincrustatum and G. weberianum were tested on HeLa, A549, L-929, and RAW 264.7 cell lines. Extracts from the fruiting body present higher antiproliferative activity than mycelium. All extracts induced vesicle and cellular debris formation in all cell lines, being non-selective for cancerous cells. Chloroform extract from G. subincrustatum fruiting bodies presented higher activity against all cell lines. Fractions F7 and F15 from this extract exhibited an IC50 of 37.9 and 41.9 µg/mL on the A549 cell line, respectively; however, chloroform crude extract showed higher activity (IC50 of <25 µg/mL) in all cell lines. Flow cytometry assays of F7 revealed cell death by apoptosis in A549 cells. NMR suggested the presence of ganoderic acids in F7. In future research, it will be interesting to characterize these fractions (metabolites, their bioactivities, and mechanism of action).
... Most of the species are saprophytes and grow on decomposing trunks [1]. Over 250 species of Ganoderma have been described worldwide, most of them classified based on pleomorphic characteristics [2]. In Costa Rica, nine species of this genus have been identified morphologically: G. australe, G. amazonense, G. dorsale, G. longistipitatum, G. oerstedii, G. orbiforme, G. perzonatum, G. resinaceum, and G. stipitatum [3,4]. ...
In the present investigation, the conditions for in vitro submerged culture of a native strain of Ganoderma sp. were evaluated. Different culture medium ingredients, inoculum concentrations, inoculation methods, configuration, and airflows were evaluated to improve biomass production. The addition of thiamine and olive oil to the culture medium increased biomass production, as well as inoculating 6.6 g/L since there are no significant differences in biomass growth according to inoculum origin (pre-inoculum, discs or with spores). The best configuration of the 3 L stirred tank bioreactor was using three impellers and a porous air diffuser of 0.25 volume per volume per minute (vvm), the dry biomass concentration was 22.6 g/L after 12 days of cultivation at 30 °C, much higher than other investigations. This study provides relevant information for pilot-scale production of this fungus for future secondary metabolites. The culture medium was optimized, and it was defined that the concentration and origin of the inoculum did not influence the growth of Biomass, but the aeration and the configuration of the system allowed the establishment of protocols for the cultivation of Ganoderma sp.
Background and Aims: Cultivation of Ganoderma on vineyard pruning wood chips improves the productivity and biochemical composition of their fruiting bodies. Consequently, it has gained traction as an alternative for recycling viticulture waste. The current trend is to increase the production of Ganoderma bioactive compounds in liquid culture. This work aims to evaluate the effect of vineyard pruning extracts on biomass in the liquid culture of Ganoderma native strains from the Sonoran desert, Mexico. Total triterpenoid and antioxidant capacity were prospected in the most competitive native strain vs. control strain. Methods: Vineyard pruning extracts of different polarity and concentrations were evaluated in a cornmeal-glucose-peptone liquid culture to grow Ganoderma spp. for seven days at 25 °C. The antioxidant capacity was determined with ORAC, FRAP, and TEAC assays. The total triterpenoid content was estimated using the spectrophotometric method. The structural analysis was determined by FTIR. Results: The highest overall biomass production was observed in Ganoderma oerstedii, followed by G. subincrustatum, G. weberianum, and G. lucidum (control strain). The highest biomass production was obtained with the polar extract at 500 µg/l. The culture conditions produced a variable response in the antioxidant capacity. The highest total triterpenoid content (686±21 µg/ml) was observed in G. oerstedii at nine days of culture. FTIR analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl and enol groups, and benzene rings characteristic of triterpenoids. Conclusions: Response surface analysis revealed that vineyard pruning extracts enhanced biomass production of Ganoderma spp. in liquid culture. The enhancement varied based on the species, polarity, and concentration of the extract. The antioxidant capacity and total triterpenoid content exhibit variations according to time and culture conditions.
El género Ganoderma se ha estudiado escasamente en el sureste de México. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de especies de Ganoderma para México y Tabasco. Se analizaron 247 ejemplares de herbario provenientes de 16 municipios del estado. Se observaron las características macro y micromorfológicas de los basidiomas. Las observaciones microscópicas se hicieron en KOH al 5% y la determinación taxonómica se realizó mediante diversas claves especializadas. Se identificaron y describieron 21 especies de Ganoderma, de las cuales 17 corresponden al subgénero Ganoderma y 4 al subgénero Elfvingia. G. carnosum, G. dunense, G. lipsiense, G. multipileum, G. multiplicatum, G. neojaponicum, G. orbiforme, G. philippii, G. sichuanense,G. stipitatum y G. subresinosum son registros nuevos para México. Dichas especies también son reportes nuevos para Tabasco, incluyendo a G. australe, G. oerstedii, G. oregonense, G. sessiliforme, G. tsugae y G. zonatum. Se presenta una clave dicotómica para las especies identificadas. El inventario refleja la diversidad de Ganoderma en México y el trópico tabasqueño.
Ganoderma is a white-rot fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution and includes several economically important species. This genus has been extensively researched due to its beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents with potential nutritional and therapeutic values. Traditionally, species of Ganoderma were identified solely based on morphology; however, recent molecular studies revealed that many morphology-based species are conspecific. Furthermore, some type species are in poor condition, which hinders us from re-examining their taxonomic characteristics and obtaining their molecular data. Therefore, new species and fresh collections with multigene sequences are needed to fill the loopholes and to understand the biological classification system of Ganoderma .
In a survey of Ganoderma in Guizhou Province, southwest China, we found a new species growing on soil and, herein, it was identified by both morphology and phylogenetic evidence. Hence, we propose a new species, Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. This species is characterised by an annual, stipitate, laccate basidiome, with a red–brown to brownish-black pileus surface and pale white pores, duplex context, clavate pileipellis terminal cells, trimitic hyphal system, ellipsoid basidiospores with dark brown eusporium bearing coarse echinulae and an obtuse turgid appendix. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the novel species sisters to G. sandunense with high bootstrap support. Furthermore, the RPB2 sequence of G. sandunense is supplied for the first time. Notably, we re-examined the type specimen of G. sandunense and provide a more precise description of the duplex context, pileipellis terminal cells and basidia. All species collected are described and illustrated with coloured photographs. Moreover, we present an updated phylogeny for Ganoderma , based on nLSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1-α DNA sequence data and species relationships and classification are discussed.
