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Morphological comparisons among Pteris latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou, sp. nov., P. fauriei var. fauriei, P. fauriei var. minor, and P. natiensis.
Source publication
Pterisfauriei is widely distributed in Eastern Asia and has high morphological variation. Some morphologically similar plants related to this species are difficult to distinguish. We showed that the new Pteris species from Taiwan, previously identified as P.fauriei, can be morphologically distinguished by its wide pinnae, larger terminal pinnae tha...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... distinct morphologies that distinguished the undescribed species from other bi- pinnatifid Pteris species are its wide pinnae, up to 7 cm wide, and fewer pairs of lateral Ovate to lanceolate, more and less narrowed at base Width of lateral pinna 3-7 cm 2-3.5 cm 1-3 cm 3-5 cm pinnae, only 2-5 pairs ( Fig. 1). Furthermore, its terminal pinnae of sterile fronds are larger than the lateral pinnae (Table 1). In Taiwan, these characteristics can separate the undescribed species from P. fauriei var. ...
Context 2
... endemic species in Japan, Pteris natiensis (illustrated by holotype, KYO, Fig. S3), also has sterile fronds with slightly larger terminal pinnae than the lateral pin- nae. Its pinnae are slightly narrower than those of the undescribed species (3-5 cm vs. 3-7 cm), and the basal pinna-segments are adnate to the rachis whereas they are not adnate to the rachis in the undescribed species (Table 1). Another specific trait of the undescribed species is the triangular (vs. ...
Context 3
... specific trait of the undescribed species is the triangular (vs. falcate) basal segments of the lateral pinnae, which could be used to identify the new species from other similar species, including P. fauriei and P. natiensis (Table 1). The triangular and falcate basal segments are resulted by the longer costa adnate with the segments of the undescribed species and shorter costa adnate with the segments of the other species, respectively. ...
Citations
... Most of the other taxa in the group have a narrow distribution. Pteris wulaiensis C.M.Kuo is endemic to Taiwan (Shieh, 1994;TPG, 2019), P. latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou is only recorded in Taiwan and Vietnam (Chao et al., 2017;Chen et al., 2020). Pteris boninensis H.Ohba, P. laurisilvicola Sa.Kurata, P. natiensis Tagawa, P. satsumana Sa.Kurata, and P. yakuinsularis Sa.Kurata are endemic species of Japan (Iwatsuki, 1995 (Liao et al., 2013;Wu, 1990). ...
... Pteris latipinna is rare in Taiwan, having only five known populations and fewer than ten specimens. Widely ovate sterile lamina (the ratio of length to width approximately 5:4) is its critical diagnosis character (Chao et al., 2017). Its triangular basal pinnules of lateral pinnae similar to the holotype P. yakuinsularis. ...
... Because the holotype contains only a fertile frond, we tentatively regard P. yakuinsularis as an insufficiently known taxon until its morphological range could be clarified. The voucher of P. yakuinsularis (specimen Y.S.Chao 1906) cited in Chao et al. (2017) is misidentified and actually corresponded to P. natiensis. ...
The Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae) includes Pteris with bipinnatisect laminae and entire pinnules. The taxonomic debate is led by morphological similarity and aggravated by the wide geographic distribution and a large number of involved taxa. We collected more than 500 plants and examined related herbarium specimens. Based on the evidence of morphology, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and reproductive biology, we propose the following taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties. 1) Two new species, Pteris austrotaiwanensis Y.S.Chao from Taiwan and Pteris pseudowulaiensis Y.S.Chao from China and Taiwan, are described. 2) The occurrence of Pteris wulaiensis in Japan is confirmed. 3) Pteris fauriei var. chinensis was treated as a synonym of Pteris latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou. 4) Pteris fauriei var. minor Hieron. is raised as species, Pteris minor (Hieron.) Y.S.Chao stat. nov. In this study, we clarify morphology of all known taxa in the P. fauriei group and provide a key.
... but can be distinguished by having wider lateral pinnae and its terminal pinna is distinctly larger than lateral pinnae. Chao et al. (2017) also mentioned that P. latipinna can also be distinguished from its closely related species by its triangular basal segments of the lateral pinnae. However, the basal segments of lateral pinnae of the plants in Vietnam are falcate and we also noticed that the plants in Fig. 1 of Chao et al. (2017) neither of them has those triangular basal segments. ...
... Chao et al. (2017) also mentioned that P. latipinna can also be distinguished from its closely related species by its triangular basal segments of the lateral pinnae. However, the basal segments of lateral pinnae of the plants in Vietnam are falcate and we also noticed that the plants in Fig. 1 of Chao et al. (2017) neither of them has those triangular basal segments. Therefore, the triangular basal segments of the lateral pinnae are not characteristic for P. latipinna. ...
One genus (Chrysogrammitis) and twelve species (Asplenium pifongiae, Chrysogrammitis musgraviana, Crepidomanes makinoi, Ctenitis sinii, Ctenopterella khaoluangensis, Didymoglossum wallii, Dryopteris hendersonii, Hymenophyllum palmatifidum, H. paniculiflorum, Polystichum prionolepis, Pteris latipinna, and Stegnogramma wilfordii) of ferns are reported as new records for Vietnam based on newly collected specimens from Lang Biang Plateau. We provide photographs of key characters, type information, voucher specimens, distribution, ecology, and notes for each newly recorded species.
... Kato et al. (1992) reported apomixes triploid of P. fauriei of Yunnan, Southwestern China. In Taiwan, two varieties of P. fauriei have been confirmed, and both varieties have different cryptic characteristics and prefer different niches (Chao et al. 2017). Pteris fauriei Hieron. ...
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Mumpuni M. 2018. Chromosome numbers of some species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2118-2126. Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) is a large fern genus consisting of about 250 species which distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical countries. The genus grows in a diversity of ecosystems, either terrestrially or lithophytically, although most species occur in the forest. A study of the cytology of Pteris in Java is being undertaken for the conceptual understanding of the interrelationships between various fern species in the Malesian region. This aims of our study are: (1) to observe somatic chromosome number of some species of Pteris in Java; (2) to determine the reproduction types of the observed species by counting the spore number per sporangium; (3) to discuss polyploidy in the species in relation to plant morphological variation across their geographical distribution. Chromosome counts for eight species are reported. Pteris biaurita is an apogamous diploid species (2n = 58). Pteris ensiformis var. ensiformis has chromosome numbers of 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid) and 2n = 116 (sexual tetraploid), while P. ensiformis var. victoriae has a chromosome number 2n = 58 and is a sexual diploid. Pteris fauriei is an apogamous triploid species (2n = 87). Pteris longipinnula has a chromosome number of 2n = 116 (tetraploid). Pteris multifida and P. vittata are sexual tetraploids (2n=116). Pteris tripartita has two ploidy levels (sexual diploid and tetraploid). Another currently unplaced Javanese Pteris sp. has 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid). Diploid P. biaurita, tetraploid P. ensiformis, triploid P. fauriei, diploid P. tripartita, and teraploid P. vittata are new record cytotypes for Central Java. Polyploidy in the genus in relation to plant morphological variation across its geographical range is discussed. © 2018, Society for Indonesian Biodiversity. All rights reserved.
... Most of the other taxa in the group have a narrow distribution. Pteris wulaiensis C.M.Kuo is endemic to Taiwan (Shieh, 1994;TPG, 2019), P. latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou is only recorded in Taiwan and Vietnam (Chao et al., 2017;Chen et al., 2020). Pteris boninensis H.Ohba, P. laurisilvicola Sa.Kurata, P. natiensis Tagawa, P. satsumana Sa.Kurata, and P. yakuinsularis Sa.Kurata are endemic species of Japan (Iwatsuki, 1995 (Liao et al., 2013;Wu, 1990). ...
... Pteris latipinna is rare in Taiwan, having only five known populations and fewer than ten specimens. Widely ovate sterile lamina (the ratio of length to width approximately 5:4) is its critical diagnosis character (Chao et al., 2017). Its triangular basal pinnules of lateral pinnae similar to the holotype P. yakuinsularis. ...
... Because the holotype contains only a fertile frond, we tentatively regard P. yakuinsularis as an insufficiently known taxon until its morphological range could be clarified. The voucher of P. yakuinsularis (specimen Y.S.Chao 1906) cited in Chao et al. (2017) is misidentified and actually corresponded to P. natiensis. ...
This study was conducted to determine taxonomical features and antimicrobial activities of 156 isolates of endophytic fungi collected from twigs of medicinal plants of Lauraceae (67 isolates) and Rutaceae (89 isolates) in central and northern Taiwan. The 156 isolates of fungi were classified into 35 genera in 19 families based on morphological characteristics of mycelia and asexual/sexual spores, as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis of rDNA LSU D1/D2 and ITS regions. The most common endophytes were in the taxa of Colletotrichum, Guignardia, Hypoxylon, Nigrospora, Phomopsis and Xylaria, and the most common hosts were Citrus and Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae and Cinnamomum of Lauraceae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that xylariaceous isolates could be separated into Xylaria and Hypoxylon groups based on rDNA of LSU D1/D2 and ITS regions. Four isolates of endophytic fungi including Lasmenia sp. isolate CB10, Ophioceras tenuisporum isolate CI02, Xylaria cubensis isolate LA04 and Cyanodermella sp. isolate TR09 were tested for antimicrobial activities using a dual culture method and Lasmenia sp. isolate CB10 and Cyanodermella sp. isolate TR09 showed better antimicrobial activity against 12 plant pathogens including 9 fungi and 3 bacteria. Spraying Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) plants with culture filtrates of the endophytic fungus Lasmenia sp. isolate CB10 significantly reduced severity of anthracnose of Chinese cabbage caused by Colletotrichum higginsianum under greenhouse conditions. This study suggests that the Lasmenia sp. isolate CB10 may be of potential for management of anthracnose of Chinese cabbage.
Premise:
Apomixis, asexual reproduction by seed, spore, or egg, has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life. Studies of animals and angiosperms show that apomictic lineages are often evolutionarily short-lived and frequently exhibit different distributions than their sexual relatives. However, apomixis is rare in these groups. Less is known about the role of apomixis in the evolution and biogeography of ferns, where ~10% of species are apomictic. Apomixis is especially common in the fern genus Pteris (34-39% of species), but due to the limited taxonomic and geographic sampling of previous studies, the true frequency of apomixis and its associations with geography and phylogeny in this lineage remain unclear.
Methods:
We used spore analyses of herbarium specimens to determine reproductive mode for 127 previously unsampled Pteris species. Then, we leveraged biogeographic and phylogenetic analyses to estimate the global distribution and evolution of apomixis in Pteris.
Key results:
Among all Pteris species examined, we found 21% to be exclusively apomictic, with 71% exclusively sexual and 8% having conflicting reports. Apomixis is unevenly distributed across the range of the genus, with the paleotropics exhibiting the highest frequency, and has evolved numerous times across the Pteris phylogeny, with predominantly East- and South-Asian clades containing the most apomictic species.
Conclusions:
Apomixis arises frequently in Pteris, but apomictic species do not appear to diversify. Species that encompass both apomictic and sexual populations have wider ranges than exclusively sexual or apomictic species, suggesting sexual and apomictic ferns could occupy separate ecological niches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Taxonomy is the field of science responsible for giving names to all living organisms. These names are given based on the data available or discovered, and the foundational knowledge about related organisms. All fields of science are theory-laden with testable hypotheses made atop, and taxonomy is no exception. However, trends in descriptions of new species point towards an implicit citation of the underlying theories (species concepts) and hypotheses (proposed species) rather than explicit statements that are common for other fields of science. Therefore, to assess the status of pteridophyte taxonomy, we conducted a literature review of all new pteridophyte species described since 1989 to holistically observe changes in how researchers carry out taxonomic investigations. Of the 130 articles reviewed, we found only nine (6.9%) explicitly cited a species concept and only twelve (9.2%) made an explicit taxonomic hypothesis. The morphological species concept was the most common (130 articles; 100%), followed by the evolutionary species concept (34 articles; 26.2%), then lastly the biological species concept (11.5%) based on the data types presented in the articles. We hope our review contributes to the strengthening of taxonomy and future outlooks of the entire field by encouraging taxonomists to explicitly cite the species concept(s) being prescribed to as well as the taxonomic hypothesis asserted. We believe these changes could allow for a broader audience to comprehend the field as well as provide a clearer path for future researchers to add to the existing field of knowledge.
Ferns and lycophytes of Taiwan display an extraordinarily high diversity. Despite the detailed species documentation, the pteridophyte flora of Taiwan as a whole has never been organized into a phylogenetic framework. Here we provide an updated, phylogeny-based checklist that includes a total of 824 (infra)species taxa, of which eleven are first recorded. In addition, lectotypification of Phlegmariurus salvinioides and new combinations of 25 taxa were made in this study. Our classification scheme is based on the most recent phylogenetic evidence, and for all taxon names accepted here, we provide their best corresponding names in Taiwanese Mandarin. Our appendix and the online file also supply other details, such as synonyms, for the Taiwanese pteridophytes in order to track their nomenclatural changes from the previous floristic documentations. Finally, a discussion group for our community-Taiwan Pteridophyte Group (TPG)-is established online. This platform will allow more users to follow further updates of TPG or to provide any comments on new versions of Taiwan pteridophyte checklist.
