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Morphological characters of Acidomelania panicicola holotype isolate 61R8. A–D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells. E. Chlamydospores. Bar 5 10 mm.
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A new genus, Acidomelania, is described based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and ecological and morphological characters. Isolated from switch grass roots in acidic and oligotrophic New Jersey pine barrens in this study, Acidomelania likely has a global distribution because its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence has high similarity with...
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... For example, changes in vegetation from forest to a mix of shrubs and grasses favored Acidomelania and Clavaria genera. These genera are typical inhabitants of nutrient-poor, unfertilized, short-sward, and longestablished grasslands and often occur on natural, alpine, and unmanaged pastures (Tanney and Seifert, 2020;Walsh et al., 2014). In a recent study, Praeg et al. (2020) found that land conversion between forests, meadows, and pastures strongly affected the fungal community, where the Clavaria genus was identified as a biomarker of land management. ...
Soil microbial communities regulate a myriad of critical biogeochemical functions in forest ecosystems. Anthropogenic disturbances in natural forests could drive major shifts in plant and microbial communities resulting in substantial biogeochemical alterations. We evaluated the effect of anthropogenic disturbances in the soils of Andean temperate forests with different levels of degradation: i) mature forest (MF), ii) secondary forest (SF), iii) degraded forest (DF), and iv) deforested site converted into a prairie (DP). We quantified total soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous (TC, TN, and TP), and available nutrient stocks. The soil microbial community structure (i.e., composition, diversity, and abundance) was assessed under each condition from amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) obtained via NGS-Illumina sequencing and subsequent microbiome analysis. There were no significant differences in TC, TN, and TP across the forested states (MF, SF, DF). The deforested site condition presented significantly higher soil TC, TN, and TP and the lowest C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios. The DP soil microbiome was significantly more diverse in bacteria (D′ = 0.47 ± 0.04); and fungi (H′ = 5.11 ± 0.33). The bacterial microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria (45.35 ± 0.89 %), Acidobacteria (20.73 ± 1.48 %), Actinobacteria (12.59 ± 0.34 %), and Bacteroidetes (7.32 ± 0.36 %) phyla in all sites. The soil fungal community was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (42.11 ± 0.95 %), Mortierellomycota (28.74 ± 2.25 %), Basidiomycota (24.61 ± 0.52), and Mucoromycota (2.06 ± 0.43 %). Yet, there were significant differences at the genus level across conditions. Forest to prairie conversion facilitated the introduction of exotic bacterial and fungal taxa associated with agricultural activities and livestock grazing (~50 % of DP core microbiome composed of unique ASVs). For example, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community emerged as a dominant group in the DP soils, along with a reduction in the ectomycorrhizal fungi community. The surface soil microbial community was surprisingly resistant to forest degradation and did not show a clear succession along the degradation gradient, but it was strongly altered after deforestation.
... For example, changes in vegetation from forest to a mix of shrubs and grasses favored Acidomelania and Clavaria genera. These genera are typical inhabitants of nutrient-poor, unfertilized, short-sward, and longestablished grasslands and often occur on natural, alpine, and unmanaged pastures (Tanney and Seifert, 2020;Walsh et al., 2014). In a recent study, Praeg et al. (2020) found that land conversion between forests, meadows, and pastures strongly affected the fungal community, where the Clavaria genus was identified as a biomarker of land management. ...
... On MEA and PDA surface hazel, reverse fuscous black; on OA surface rosy buff. Notes -Mollisia asteliae is related to M. panicicola, which was described as an asexual morph, Acidomelania panicicola (Walsh et al. 2014), later included in Mollisia by Tanney & Seifert (2020). It is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from species presently accepted in the genus (Tanney & Seifert 2020). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria,
Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia,
Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus
australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of
Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae
on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae
and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil.
Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified
fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag
with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface
of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil,
Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa
endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera
indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense
from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium
stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata
hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi
and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp.,
Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis
obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia
sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma
ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on
plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp.,
Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros
sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.)
and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil
in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum
on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on
soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of
Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus
wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma
subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis
faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus
praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens
on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium
burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia
ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia
sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis
canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria
sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on
Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on
leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of
Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia
ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf
litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix
reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella
xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of
Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi
on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius
brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis
gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on
volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus
sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand,
Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA,
Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of
Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella
aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... On MEA and PDA surface hazel, reverse fuscous black; on OA surface rosy buff. Notes -Mollisia asteliae is related to M. panicicola, which was described as an asexual morph, Acidomelania panicicola (Walsh et al. 2014), later included in Mollisia by Tanney & Seifert (2020). It is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from species presently accepted in the genus (Tanney & Seifert 2020). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria , Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera . Antarctica , Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia , Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia , Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis , Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis , Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata , Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus , Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora , Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis , Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil , Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile , Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria . Costa Rica , Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia , Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic , Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens , Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France , Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum , Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia . Germany , Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India , Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica , Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy , Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia , Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata , Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica , Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica . Netherlands , Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand , Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.) and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica , Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii , Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta . Norway , Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan , Butyriboletus parachinarensis on soil in association with Quercus baloot . Poland , Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce Picea abies . Russia , Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula , Crepidotus wasseri on debris of Populus tremula , Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula , Meruliopsis faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis , Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube , Suillus praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina . Slovakia , Hygrocybe fulgens on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa , Acrodontium burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae , Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia ataxacantha , Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata , Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis canescens , Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum , Lasionectria sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides , Lylea dalbergiae on Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata , Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium chordatum , Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of Ekebergia pterophylla , Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens , Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis , Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf litter of Syzygium chordatum , Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix reclinata , Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum , Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra , Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of Combretum kraussii , Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis . Spain , Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden , Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens . Tanzania , Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus . Thailand , Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA , Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica , Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of Spartina alterniflora , Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam , Fistulinella aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... It was most abundant at sites 4 and 5, accounting for 28.3% and 17.8% of the fungal assemblage in the roots at these sites, respectively (Fig. 5A). This globally distributed fungus colonizes plant roots from acidic and infertile soils, including the comparable New Jersey Pine Barrens, and was shown to promote root hair growth in switchgrass (Walsh et al. 2014(Walsh et al. , 2015. Mycetinis scorodonius was also abundant in the roots of Crocanthemum canadense, but the nature of this relationship is likely saprotrophic rather than mycorrhizal or endophytic (Petersen and Hughes 2017). ...
Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britt. (Cistaceae) is critically imperiled in Nova Scotia. The decline of Nova Scotian C. canadense is largely due to the loss of the Annapolis Valley sand barrens habitat. Fungal symbionts may aid in nutrient and water acquisition as well as plant defenses. The role of fungal associations with C. canadense is unknown; our goal was to identify fungal symbionts to inform ongoing conservation research. We isolated fungi from eighteen C. canadense plants collected from Greenwood, Nova Scotia. Using ITS rDNA barcoding of fungal cultures, we identified 58 fungal taxa. ITS2 meta-amplicon barcoding of roots and rhizosphere soil revealed 241 fungi with basidiomycetes accounting for 53.8% of reads. Chaetothyriales sp., Mycetinis scorodonius, Acidomelania panicicola, and Scleroderma citrinum were the most abundant root associates based on meta-amplicon data. We quantified percent root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using root staining and microscopy. The average AMF colonization rate of the roots was 29.6% (n=18). We provide a foundation for understanding the fungal community in this declining habitat and the first account of fungal symbionts in the above- and below-ground tissues and rhizosphere of C. canadense. Identifying fungi influencing endangered Nova Scotian C. canadense is valuable for developing conservation strategies.
... The genus Podospora accounted for more than 66% of total reads of the fungal community of sample N4. Podospora species are saprophytic, predominantly reported as coprophilous [107][108][109][110]. Acidomelania (species A. panicicola, 5.9%-Protocol 1 and 7.6%-Protocol 2) and Cerinosterus (species C. luteoalbus, frequencies 5.3%-Protocol 1 and 5.2%-Protocol 2) were found only in sample N88. ...
Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is considered a precious material, first-hand account of past civilizations. Like any organic material, it is subjected to biodegradative action of microorganisms whose activity could be particularly fast and dangerous during the phases of excavation, storage and restoration. The present work aimed to characterize the microorganisms present in WAW during these tricky periods to evaluate the biological risk it is exposed to. The bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting woods coming from two archaeological sites (Pisa and Naples) were investigated through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). High-throughput sequencing of extracted DNA fragments was performed using the reversible terminator-based sequencing chemistry with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The analyses revealed that the two archaeological sites showed distinct richness and biodiversity, as expected. In all the WAWs, the bacterial community harbored mainly Proteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes was well represented only in Naples communities and taxa belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi only in the Pisa site. Concerning the fungal community, the two sites were dominated by different phyla: Ascomycota for Naples samples and Basidiomycota for Pisa. Interestingly, most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa have cellulolytic or ligninolytic ability. These results provide new and useful background information concerning the composition of WAW microbiota and the threat it represents for this precious material.
... It is found on coarse woody debris of Picea abies, lying near the almost continuous snow deposit, under permanently humid conditions at the sinkhole bottom in the boreal type of forest. Notes -According to our analysis (see Supplementary Fig. FP932) and recent molecular phylogenetic studies certain members of the asexual genera Acephala, Acidomelania, Barrenia, Cystodendron, Phialocephala and Trimmatostroma (Crous et al. 2007, Grünig et al. 2009, Walsh et al. 2014, Tanney et al. 2016, Hamim et al. 2017) cluster with Mollisia spp. in a Loramyces-Vibrissea-Mollisia clade (cf. Wang et al. 2006). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl. Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. bark canker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... It is found on coarse woody debris of Picea abies, lying near the almost continuous snow deposit, under permanently humid conditions at the sinkhole bottom in the boreal type of forest. Notes -According to our analysis (see Supplementary Fig. FP932) and recent molecular phylogenetic studies certain members of the asexual genera Acephala, Acidomelania, Barrenia, Cystodendron, Phialocephala and Trimmatostroma (Crous et al. 2007, Grünig et al. 2009, Walsh et al. 2014, Tanney et al. 2016, Hamim et al. 2017) cluster with Mollisia spp. in a Loramyces-Vibrissea-Mollisia clade (cf. Wang et al. 2006). ...
Coniochaeta dendrobiicola Sujit Shah, sp. nov.
Colour illustrations. Dendrobium longicornu orchid species from Chitlang
village, Makwanpur district, Nepal. Colony after 15 d on PDA, OA and CDA;
conidia, conidiogenous cells and hyphae. Scale bars = 10, 10 and 100 μm.
Sujit Shah, Bijaya Pant, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Nepal; e-mail: b.pant@cdbtu.edu.np
Rohit Sharma & Yogesh S. Shouche, National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science, India;
e-mail: rohit@nccs.res.in & yogesh@nccs.res.in
Jyotsna Sharma, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech. University, USA; e-mail: jyotsna.sharma@ttu.edu
Etymology. Name reflects the host genus it was isolated from, Dendrobium
longicornu.
Classification — Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales, Sordariomycetes.
Vegetative hyphae thin, septate, smooth 1.2–2.4 μm wide.
Conidiogenous cells arising laterally from vegetative hyphae,
broader at base tapering towards apex (1.4 μm at base and
0.67 μm at apex). Conidia hyaline, smooth, cylindrical to allantoid,
variable in size, 4.35–11.28 × 1.2–2.3 μm. Sexual morph
absent which is reported in Coniochaeta velutina, C. prunicola,
C. africana isolated from Prunus (Damm et al. 2010, Weber
2002, Abdalla & Al-Rokibah 2003, Asgari & Zare 2006).
Cultural characteristics — Coniochaeta dendrobiicola was
first isolated on Czapek-Dox agar (CDA). The shape of the
colony was circular, with lemon yellow colour and pale regular
margin with pale white band as growing zone. The surface
was smooth with flat topography and submerged mycelium.
Colony 4 cm diam after 15 d of incubation, with 2–3 concentric
rings. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) the colony was circular
with regular margin, pale brown with yellowish margin having
radiating furrows. The surface was glistening, smooth with flat
topography and the presence of submerged mycelium. Colonies
reach 4 cm diam after 15 d of incubation, with 1–2 concentric
rings present. On oatmeal agar (OA) the colony shape was
circular with regular margin, lemon yellow with 1 cm thick white
growing margin. The colony surface was smooth, shiny with flat
topography and submerged mycelium. Colonies reach 4.5 cm
diam after 15 d of incubation, with a single concentric brown
ring present.
Habitat — Roots of Dendrobium longicornu, District Makwanpur,
Nepal.
Typus. Nepal, District Makwanpur, roots of Dendriobium lognicornu
(Orchidaceae), 25 May 2017, S. Shah (holotype culture and specimen,
MCC1811, preserved as metabolically inactive, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MK225602 and MK225603, MycoBank MB830652).
Notes — Phylogenetic trees of the ITS region was prepared
using sequences of C. dendrobiicola and other Coniochaeta
species obtained from GenBank. An NCBI BLASTn search
of ITS sequences showed closest similarity to be 93 % with
C. africana (CBS 120868, GenBank MH863095), 92 % with
C. velutina (STE-U 8315, GenBank KY312638), 92 % with
Coniochaeta angustispora (CBS 871.73, GenBank MH860816)
and 92 % with Coniochaeta nepalica (NBRC 30584, GenBank
LC146727).
... Although most helotialean species produce small apothecia, root endophytes have no unequivocal teleomorph connections (Wang et al. 2006). Novel helotialean genera and species are continuously being described in association with a variety of plant hosts and organs; for example, endophytes of pine foliage and shoots (Yuan and Verkley 2015) or associated with horsetail shoots (Baral and Haelewaters 2015), and DSE fungi in the roots of grasses and pines (Walsh et al. 2014(Walsh et al. , 2015. ...
Fungal root endophytes, including the common group of dark septate endophytes (DSEs), represent different taxonomic groups and potentially diverse life strategies. In this study, we investigated two unidentified helotialean lineages found previously in a study of DSE fungi of semiarid grasslands, from several other sites, and collected recently from a pezizalean truffle ascoma and eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. The taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of 21 isolates with different hosts and geographic origins were studied in detail. Four loci, namely, nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]), partial 28S nuc rDNA (28S), partial 18S nuc rDNA (18S), and partial RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2), were amplified and sequenced for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Analyses of similar ITS sequences from public databases revealed two globally distributed lineages detected in several biomes from different geographic regions. The host interaction of isolates from nematodes was examined using in vitro bioassays, which revealed that the fungi could penetrate nematode cysts and colonize eggs of H. filipjevi, confirming observations from field-collected samples. This is the first report of a DSE, and we are not aware of other helotialean fungal species colonizing the eggs of a plant-parasitic nematode. Neither conidiomata and conidia nor ascomata formation was detected in any of the isolates. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, these isolates represent a distinct lineage within the Helotiales in the Hyaloscyphaceae. For this lineage, we propose here the new genus Polyphilus represented by two new species, P. sieberi and P. frankenii.
... The following six species of fungi have been selected and used for this pilot study: Trichoderma reesei (ATCC13631), Aspergillus nidulans (ATCC38163), Cadophora interclivum (BAG4), Umbeliopsis dimorpha (PP16-P60), Acidomelania panicicola (8D) [83], and Pseudophialophora magnispora (CM14-RG38) [84]. T. reesei and A. nidulans were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). ...
... Plates were incubated at 25°C and observed daily in the first two weeks, and then twice a week afterwards for 6 months. Fungal cultures were isolated and purified by subculturing from emergent hyphal tips [83,84]. Spore morphology, if present, and colony characteristics were examined and recorded as morphological data for identification. ...
