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Morphological characters analyzed to identify the Pseudococcus elisae mealybug from banana crop from farms in the Atlantic and Central area of Costa Rica by light microscopy. Mealybug collected during years 2010-2012. A. Body of the insect shaped elongated oval with 17 pairs of cerarii. B. Mouthparts with three stylets. C. Cerarii C17 associated to oral rim tubular ducts. D. Circulus. E. Eye surrounded by discoidal pores and sclerotic rim. F. Antennae with eight segments. G. Presence of translucent pores on femur and tibia of the metacoxa, translucent pores not on trochanter
Contexts in source publication
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... species results corresponded to those described by the key of Gimpel and Miller (1996), which is used by the staff of SFE of Costa Rica and the key to Miller et al. (2007) of USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) ( Figs. 1 and 2). ...
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... Shape: Elongated oval (2.9 x 1.5 mm) ( Fig. 1 A) with 17 pairs of cerarii were quantified (Fig. 1 A). ...
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... Shape: Elongated oval (2.9 x 1.5 mm) ( Fig. 1 A) with 17 pairs of cerarii were quantified (Fig. 1 ...
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... Each cerarius with two enlarged conical setae and auxiliary setae (Fig. 1. A), except on the cerarius 12 (C12) and on the head, with three conical setae (C15-C17) ( Fig. 1. ...
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... Each cerarius with two enlarged conical setae and auxiliary setae (Fig. 1. A), except on the cerarius 12 (C12) and on the head, with three conical setae (C15-C17) ( Fig. 1. ...
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... rim tubular ducts: Were observed in the region of the head of the insect, adjacent to the head cerarii (C17), between each antenna (Fig 1. C.), these ducts were absent on the dorsum of segment VII of the abdomen (Fig. 2). ...
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... A circulus divided by a line between segments III and IV, which presented a diamond-shaped contour (Fig. 1 ...
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... pores at the eye edge: Seven to nine pores around the eye were presented (Fig 1.E). ...
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... y Dysmicoccus spp. (Palma-Jiménez y Blanco-Meneses, 2016a;2016b;2017); sin embargo, se ha determinado que diferentes especies participan como vectores del virus del estriado del banano (BSV) (Harper et al., 2004;Meyer et al., 2008;Sison et al., 2017). El proceso de transmisión inicia cuando el insecto se alimenta de plantas enfermas; en esta actividad toman los jugos celulares y adquieren el BSV, posteriormente, al repetirlo sobre plantas sanas inoculan el virus (SFE, 2015). ...
... A pesar de tales diferencias en relación al fenotipo de estos insectos, la clasificación taxonómica sigue siendo un reto para muchos investigadores (Kondo et al., 2008a). Estudios a nivel molecular se presentan como una opción conjunta con las técnicas de clasificación convencional, sin embargo, se han identificado distintos patrones evolutivos al comparar la región 18S y 28S ribosomal, el factor de elongación-1α y el gen mitocondrial del citocromo oxidasa subunidad I (Palma-Jiménez y Blanco-Meneses, 2016a;2016b;2017). Tales hallazgos a nivel molecular, complementan el estudio de la cochinilla harinosa y se sugiere realizar investigación considerando el estudio de la microbiota bacteriana (Thao et al., 2002), pasando por la citogenética (Prantera y Bongiorni, 2012), tipo de hábitat, la biología del insecto, observaciones in situ de apareamiento, morfometría y geografía (Ramos-Portilla, 2006). El uso de algunas o todas estas combinaciones tendrá éxito de acuerdo con la calidad de datos y naturaleza de los ejemplares, acuñando el término de "taxonomía integrativa" . ...
... La investigación contó con el apoyo del Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMic) y el Laboratorio de Fitopatología Molecular del Centro de Investigación en Protección de Cultivos (CIPROC), ambos de la Universidad de Costa Rica. En dicha investigación se reportaron por primera vez secuencias moleculares para las especies de P. elisae, P. jackbeardsleyi, así como D. brevipes, como plagas presentes en el cultivo de Musáceas (Palma-Jiménez y Blanco-Meneses, 2016a;2016b;2017). ...
Introduction. The mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is known for its importance at commercial level, since it can affect all stages of development on agricultural crops and cause harvest losses. The name is derived from the secretion of white wax that females present around of the body. Objective. The aim of this bibliographical review was to synthesize the main aspects related to taxonomy, biology, damage to host plants, geographic distribution and the impact of the mealybug on Musaceae. Development. Most of the genres have a wide geographical distribution. Can be transported during the shipment of the crop to be exported, slipping away from the phytosanitary regulations, with a high risk of introduction as a pest of economically important crops to other countries. To identify the individual at species level, adult females are used, males and nymphs lack of the necessary characteristics for their classification. Within the Pseudococcidae family, Pseudococcus elisae (Borchsenius) stands out as one of the first species identified in the Musaceae crop. The State Phytosanitary Service (SFE, acronyms in spanish) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG, acronyms in spanish) from Costa Rica, declared by the end of 2013 and the beginning of 2014, a phytosanitary emergency due to the increase of P. elisae, however there are records of up to twenty-four species as vectors of banana streak virus, belonging to fourteen genera with different origins. The feeding period where the transmission, occurs, is associated with the mealybug species and the environmental conditions. At the same time that they inject toxins, the sugary liquids are secreted from the phloem of the plant, which serves as a means for the establishment of fungi on the surface of the attacked organs that cause several physiological damages to the crop. Conclusion. For this reason, it is of great importance to consider related aspects to taxonomy, biology, host plants and the geographical distribution of the different species of the mealybug to develop appropriate strategies that control the pest propagation.
... On the other hand, some of the identified mealybugs have no concordance with the classification related to morphological characteristics through molecular analysis. Moreover, there are reports that have identified some variants between the phenotype and genotype of the mealybug from tropical regions (Palma-Jiménez and Blanco-Meneses, 2016). Hardy et al. (2008) explained that the species of the Pseudococcidae family have not been easily understood because of their molecular variation patterns. ...
To the appropriated taxonomic relationships in mealybugs, and their phylogenetic classification is necessarycombined morphological and molecular techniques. The aim of the present investigation was to study the Pseudococcus elisae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)of banana crop (Musa sp.) from Neotropical region by morphological and molecular techniques, as well as the phylogenetic relationships. Morphological techniques such as Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used, supported by molecular analysis of three genes: 18S, E.F-1α and COXI. The microscopy analysis was performed at the Center for Research on Microscopic Structures in 2012, and the molecular analysis was carried out at the Molecular Phytopathology Laboratory,ending in 2014, both at the University of Costa Rica. By SEM, ultrastructural variations in the studied mealybugs were observed to the body of the insect, morphology of dorsal margen cerarii and anal lobe cerarii, trilocular pores and morphology of oral rim tubular ducts. The present investigation allowed recognizing ultrastructures of the mealybugs by influence of environmental conditions from Neotropical countries.
... They mention that there is a similarity in the systematically of mealybug. In the case of P. jackbeardsleyi, this has been confused with the species P. elisae to share morphological features such as: 17 pairs of cerarii in the tergal edge of the body, the cerarii C17 show three conical setae and the anal lobe cerarii two conical setae; presence of two oral rim tubular ducts in the head adjacent to C17; presence of around nine discoidal pores in the edge of the eye; eight segments in the antenna; translucent pores usually restricted to the femur and tibia of metacoxas; circulus between the segments III and IV; absence of anal bar in the anal lobes; presence of two pairs of ostioles surrounded by trilocular pores [22]. The main difference is the presence of the oral rim tubular duct in segment VII of the sternal abdomen of P. jackbeardsleyi; besides, presenting a range of 14-27 oral rim tubular duct in the tergal abdomen and the species having as maximum 14 of these ducts [6,17,25,29]. ...
... Other species of Pseudococcus genus, that have been confused by the relationship between morphological characters and are reported within COXI gene results of this study, correspond to P. maritimus and P. viburni. P. maritimus which are characterized by the presence of an oral rim tubular duct between the cerarii 15 and 16, and abundance of oral rim tubular ducts in the abdomen (19 to 35), features that differentiate it from P. viburni by be absents; meanwhile P. jackbeardsleyi lacks of the oral rim tubular duct between the cerarii 15 and 16 and has a lower number of oral rim tubular ducts in the abdomen (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Also the number of discoidal pores in the edge of the eye to P. jackbeardsleyi is greater than seven, regarding previous species, which have from one to three of these pores [6,17,29]. ...
Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi is a native species of the Neotropical region. Currently there is not an updated record of these species of mealybug in Costa Rica. The aim of this study was to analyze female mealybugs from Siquirrena plantation, Siquirres, Province of Limon, describing the morphology of the insect through the traditional technique of light microscopy and also a molecular description by three universal genes (18S ribosomal, E.F-1α and COXI). The morphological description was made in the Center for Research on Microscopic structures (CIEMic, acronyms in Spanish), UCR on 2012 and the molecular analysis was done in the Molecular Phytopathology Laboratory ending on 2014. According to the obtained results, the insect was described by the presence of the oral rim tubular duct, which was corroborated by the technique of Scanning Electron Microscopy as defining characteristic that differentiates P. jackbeardsleyi from P. elisae. Likewise through phylogenetic trees from molecular results, it was observed that the species P. jackbeardsleyi reported in the GenBank (NCBI) showed no association with any of the sequences of the study; therefore this research presents the first record of P. jackbeardsleyi in Costa Rica.
