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Morphological characteristics of the new genus Batnamyces. a Colonies obverse and reverse on PDA at 23 °C after 21 days. b Colonies obverse and reverse on OM at 23 °C after 21 days. c Colonies
Source publication
Eight diketopiperazines including five previously unreported derivatives were isolated from an endophytic fungus cultured from the medicinal plant Globularia alypum collected in Algeria. The strain was characterised by means of morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic methods and was found to represent a species of a new genus in the Chaeto...
Citations
... The order also includes well-known model-organisms such as Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina, both of which have been key-players in important scientific discoveries (Davis & Perkins, 2002;Gladieux et al., 2020;Roche et al., 2014;Silar, 2020). It furthermore contains species producing a diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites with interesting drug-like properties (Charria-Girón et al., 2022;Noumeur et al., 2020), and the highest known number of thermophilic species, which have large industrial relevance (Hutchinson et al., 2019;Patel & Rawat, 2021;van den Brink et al., 2015). ...
... Most species are saprobes and can occur in a broad range of habitats, such as soil, air, compost, animal dung, plants tissues, seeds, and indoor environments (Rodríguez et al. 2002;Wang et al. 2016a, b;Zhang et al. 2017aZhang et al. , b, 2021Sousa et al. 2020). They were also identified as endophytes (Noumeur et al. 2020;Mehrabi et al. 2020) or opportunistic pathogens of humans (Ryan et al. 2021). Some members of the Chaetomiaceae are also known as remarkable secondary metabolite producers with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, or cytotoxic properties (Wang et al. 2017;Jiang et al. 2021;Promgool et al. 2022;Tavares et al. 2022). ...
Interest in cave fungal diversity is flourishing because it may represent a reservoir of new species and metabolites. However, the mycobiota remains poorly studied in the underground environment, especially in neotropical regions. During surveys that aimed to investigate the fungal diversity in quartzite and limestone caves in the Southern Espinhaço Mountain in Brazil, six Chaetomiaceae isolates were obtained from different cave substrates. Five taxonomical novelties of Chaetomiaceae in Brazilian caves were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from the ITS, LSU, TUB, and RPB2 genes. Chaetomium meridionalense, Pseudohumicola alba, and Pseudohumicola lutea are new species found in Gruta da Extração and Gruta Velha Nova caves. Parahumicola is introduced as a new genus representing a novel phylogenetic lineage with unique morphological characteristics in the family Chaetomiaceae. This new monotypic genus is typified by P. guana, which was found in a bat guano sample in the Gruta Monte Cristo cave. Furthermore, this is the first report of Collariella bostrychodes in a neotropical cave. Overall, these findings emphasise that Brazilian caves constitute an untapped source of fungal resources.
... The mycelial culture was deposited at Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ) in Braunschweig under the designation number DSM 105465. The fungus was identified by morphological studies and sequencing of the ITS rDNA (5.8S gene region, the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2) and LSU (large subunit) ribosome RNA genes, according to the well established procedure of Noumeur et al. [23]. The genomic DNA sequence was deposited to GenBank under the accession number MK463979. ...
In our continued search for biologically active metabolites from cultures of rare Basidiomycota species, we found eight previously undescribed cyathane-xylosides from submerged cultures of Dentipellis fragilis, which were named dentifragilins A–H. In addition, the known cyathane deriv-atives striatal D and laxitextine A were isolated. All compounds were characterized by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) as well as by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Several of the compounds exhibited significant activities in standardized cell-based assays for the determination of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. The discovery of cyathanes in the genus Dentipellis has chemotaxonomic implications, as this class of diterpenoids has already been shown to be characteristic for mycelial cultures of the related genera Hericium and Laxitextum, which are classified as Dentipellis in the family Heri-ciaceae.
... Within the phylum Ascomycota, the order Sordariales is one of the largest and most diverse taxonomic groups within the class Sordariomycetes, and contains soil-borne, lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous taxa currently arranged among seven families (Lundquist 1972;Hawksworth 1986;Huhndorf et al. 2004;Marin-Felix et al. 2020). It also represents a source of prolific producers of a great diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites with interesting drug-like properties (Guo et al. 2019;Noumeur et al. 2020). As an example, the antifungal diterpene glycosides, the sordarins, have attracted considerable interest due to their specific action against elongation factor 2 in protein biosynthesis in fungi (Dominguez and Martin 1998;Vicente et al. 2009). ...
Ascomycetes belonging to the order Sordariales are a well-known reservoir of secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. Species of the Sordariales are ubiquitous, and they are commonly found in soils and in lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous habitats. Some of their species have been used as model organisms in modern fungal biology or were found to be prolific producers of potentially useful secondary metabolites. However, the majority of sordarialean species are poorly studied. Traditionally, the classification of the Sordariales has been mainly based on morphology of the ascomata, ascospores, and asexual states, characters that have been demonstrated to be homoplastic by modern taxonomic studies based on multi-locus phylogeny. Herein, we summarize for the first time relevant information about the available knowledge on the secondary metabolites and the biological activities exerted by representatives of this fungal order, as well as a current outlook of the potential opportunities that the recent advances in omic tools could bring for the discovery of secondary metabolites in this order.
... Even though the culture-based identification is helpful, it is a limited tool, and morphotypes do not always reflect correct identifications (Guo et al. 2000;Lacap et al. 2003;Naik 2009). Therefore, molecular techniques are considered promising methods for identifying MS (Lacap et al. 2003;Naik 2009;Gnavi et al. 2014;Knapp et al. 2015;Noumeur et al. 2020). Here, we provide an example about the introduction of a genus using MS and later the connection of sexual morph found in the natural habitats based on the polyphasic taxonomic approach. ...
Biodiversity loss from disturbances caused by human activities means that species are disappearing at an ever increasing rate. The high number of species that have yet to be described have generated extreme crisis to the taxonomist. Therefore, more than in any other era, effective ways to discover and delimitate species are needed. This paper reviews the historically foremost approaches used to delimit species in Ascomycota, the most speciose phylum of Fungi. These include morphological, biological, and phylogenetic species concepts. We argue that a single property to delineate species boundaries has various defects and each species concept comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. Recently the rate of species discovery has increased because of the advancement of phylogenetic approaches. However, traditional phylogenetic methods with few gene regions lack species-level resolution, and do not allow unambiguous conclusions. We detail the processes that affect gene tree heterogeneity, which acts as barriers to delimiting species boundaries in classical low-rank phylogenies. So far, limited insights were given to the DNA-based methodologies to establish well-supported boundaries among fungal species. In addition to reviewing concepts and methodologies used to delimit species, we present a case study. We applied different species delimitation methods to understand species boundaries in the plant pathogenic and cryptic genus Phyllosticta (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales). Several DNA-based methods over-split the taxa while in some methods several taxa fall into a single species. These problems can be resolved by using multiple loci and coalescence-based methods. Further, we discuss integrative approaches that are crucial for understanding species boundaries within Ascomycota and provide several examples for ideal and pragmatic approaches of species delimitation.
... This recent paper also discusses a ten-step approach for identifying plant pathogenic fungi, which could be applied to the species-level identification of other Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in general. This level of taxonomic scrutiny is not always possible for articles submitted to Phytochemistry, as the fungal strain producing chemically-rich specialised metabolites could be new to science (Harms et al., 2021;Noumeur et al., 2020;Paguigan et al., 2016) or there may only be a few similar sequences available in the NCBI GenBank, making it difficult to determine the exact species identity of the specialised metabolite-producing strain (Chepkirui et al., 2019;Helaly et al., 2018;Paguigan et al., 2019). When new fungal species are encountered, the methods outlined by Aime et al. (2021) should be followed in order to publish these in mycology journals, allowing the taxonomic data to be both evaluated by and reported to experts in fungal taxonomy and systematics. ...
... In our phylogenetic analyses, Pseudocanariomyces americanus clustered with Madurella, Canariomyces, Stolonocarpus and Batnamyces; however, it is phylogenetically distinct as shown by the single phylogenies of ITS, TUB2 and RPB2 as well as when combined. These genera are all members of the family Chaetomiaceae [8,10]. Pseudocanariomyces americanus is morphologically similar to Canariomyces and Stolonocarpus in producing a chrysosporium-like anamorph, cleistothecial ascomata and darkly pigmented non-septate ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. ...
... Pseudocanariomyces americanus is morphologically similar to Canariomyces and Stolonocarpus in producing a chrysosporium-like anamorph, cleistothecial ascomata and darkly pigmented non-septate ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. It differs from Madurella and Batnamyces in that the latter two genera lack of reproductive structures [8,10]. Because Pseudocanariomyces is morphologically similar to Canariomyces and Stolonocarpus, DNA sequencing is necessary for its identification. ...
... The long-term treatment plan for the patient is complicated by the fact that there is no data about the management of P. americanus infections. Typically, the management of prosthetic joint infections involves removal of the infected hardware and long-term antimicrobial therapy [9][10][11]. In this case, a conservative medical management was pursued due to multiple prior surgeries and relatively good functional status (no loss in range of motion). ...
This report describes the phenotypic characteristics of a novel fungal species, isolated from a prosthetic hip infection. The patient, who had undergone multiple total hip arthroplasties due to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, presented with continued fever and wound dehiscence. Findings upon incision and draining were notable for necrotic tissue and a sinus tract from the fluid collection. Intraoperative cultures were positive for a sterile filamentous fungus. BLASTn results following DNA sequencing placed the isolate within the family Chaetomiaceae close to the genera Madurella, Canariomyces, Stolonocarpus, Stellatospora, Ovatospora, Carteria and Melanocarpus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolate was a new thielavia-like species, Pseudocanariomyces americanus. Antifungal susceptibility was performed, and low minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. The patient was initially treated with voriconazole but was switched to posaconazole secondary to a photosensitivity reaction. Acceptable posaconazole trough concentrations were achieved, and the patient remained stable without pain or drainage from her surgical incision.
... The order Sordariales includes producers of a great diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites [6][7][8][9], with potential uses as drugs. In this context, the ex-type strain of Morinagamyces vermicularis was tested for the production of bioactive compounds, leading to the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), whose structure elucidation, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity are presented herein. ...
The new genus Morinagamyces is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus Apiosordaria vermicularis as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed
spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β‐tubulin (tub2) genes. Morinagamyces vermicularis was analyzed
for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), and the already known chaetone B (3). While the planar structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analysis and high‐resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as ‐L by Marfey’s method. The configuration of the 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyldecanyl unit was assigned as 22R,23R by Jbased configuration analysis and Mosher’s method after partial hydrolysis of the morinagadepsin to the linear derivative compound 2. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cell lines KB3.1 and L929, but no antimicrobial activity against the fungi and bacteria tested was observed, while 2 was inactive. Compound 3 was weakly cytotoxic against the cell line L929, but did not show any antimicrobial activity.
... nov. (Chaetomiaceae), a fungus associated with roots of the medicinal plant Globularia alypum in Algeria [9]. During our survey on endophytic fungi in August 2016, in the Kaleybar region in northwestern Iran, apparently healthy and symptomless shoots were collected from Willow (Salix sp.), from which an isolate of the fungus Colpoma quercinum CCTU A372 was obtained and identified through morphological and molecular phylogenetic methods. ...
Submerged mycelial cultures of the ascomycete Colpoma quercinum CCTU A372 were found to produce five previously undescribed tetramic acids, for which we propose the trivial names colposetins A–C (1–3) and colpomenoic acids A and B (4 and 5), along with the known compounds penicillide (6) and monodictyphenone (7). The planar structures of 1–5 were determined by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) and extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were determined by the combination of electronic circular dischroism (ECD) analysis, J-based configurational analysis, and a rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) experiment. Colposetin B displayed weak antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Mucor hiemalis (MIC 67 μg/mL).
... phenylmethyl]piperazine-2,5-dione biosynthesized by the endophytic fungus Batnamyces globulariicola associated with Globularia alypum roots were evaluated for their antimicrobial effect towards B. subtilis, C. albicans, Chromobacterium violaceum, E. coli, Micrococcus luteus, Mucor hiemalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pichia anomala, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and S. aureus using serial dilution assays as well as for cytotoxicity towards KB3.1, HeLa, and mouse fibroblasts L929 cells using the MTT assay. They showed weak cytotoxicity towards KB3.1 cells and no antimicrobial effects towards the tested organisms (Noumeur et al. 2020). ...
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have the ability to synthesize an enormous number of metabolites with a vast diversity of chemical structures and bioactivities. Chaetomiaceae species are a wealthy source of enzymes with diverse biotechnological and industrial applications such as PMO (polysaccharide monooxygenase), L-methioninase, β-1,3-glucanase, laccase, dextranase, lipolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and proteolytic enzymes. Different classes of secondary metabolites have been reported from this family are derived from various biosynthetic pathways such as alkaloids, polyketides, peptides, terpenes, and polyketide-amino acid hybrid secondary metabolites. These metabolites have attracted research interest due to their fascinating structural frameworks and bioactivities. Therefore, these compounds can be taken into account as candidates for the development of effective and novel lead compounds for medicine, as well as for plant protection. The current review represents the relevant information for Chaetomiaceae species, in particular, its new and first reported secondary metabolites and their pharmacological activities, as well as the biotechnological applications published from 2016 until the beginning of 2021.
