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Monthly mean air temperature (a), minimum air temperature (b), total rainfall (c) and relative air humidity (d) during the 2003 – 2004 growing seasons and 10 year average.
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This research was carried out to investigation the genetic structure of the 24 F 1 pea hybrids established from eight exotic female lines and three local winter hardiness male testers, to determine parents showing general combining ability (GCA) and determine crosses showing specific combining ability (SCA.), and to evaluate the heterosis. Broad ge...
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... yellow cotyledon winter pea, semi-leafless, white-flowered Granger Austrian type winter pea, yellow cotyledon, semi-leafless, purple-flowered, long vine and 37.6, 2.25%, respectively. 10 year annual precipitation is 289.7 mm per year, annual mean temperature is 9.2 o C and average relative humidity is 60.4% (Figure 1a, c, d). Total annual precipita- tion was 314.9 mm, which was more than 10 year averag (289.7 mm) of the site (Figure 1c). ...
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... year annual precipitation is 289.7 mm per year, annual mean temperature is 9.2 o C and average relative humidity is 60.4% (Figure 1a, c, d). Total annual precipita- tion was 314.9 mm, which was more than 10 year averag (289.7 mm) of the site (Figure 1c). During the experimental period, ave- rage temperature was 9.8 0 C and lowest temperature was -16.0 o C (Figure 1a, b). ...
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... annual precipita- tion was 314.9 mm, which was more than 10 year averag (289.7 mm) of the site (Figure 1c). During the experimental period, ave- rage temperature was 9.8 0 C and lowest temperature was -16.0 o C (Figure 1a, b). The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. ...
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Citations
... Positive significant values for heterosis were detected in most (Tables 9, 10). In their previous studies (Ceyhan, 2004;Ceyhan et al., 2008;Kadam et al., 2013;Sarath and Reshma, 2017;Joshi et al., 2022), reported that heterosis was more significant than herobeltiosis in seed yield. In cases where nonadditive gene effects are important, attempts are made to identify combinations of parents and hybrids that show heterosis. ...
... The average GWPP was 17.63 g. According to the sources, the average grain weight per plant ranges from 1.52 to 118.4 grams (Ghafoor et al., 2005;Ceyhan et al., 2008;Siddika et al., 2013;Kumari et al., 2015;Barcchiya et al., 2018;Singh and Dhall, 2018;Kalapchieva and Yankova, 2019;Kumar et al., 2022;Singh and Prakash, 2022;Ton et al., 2022). The lowest grain weight per pod (GWPPo) of 1.6 g was measured in genotype S-2, while the highest GWPPo of 3.34 g was found in genotype S-1. ...
... The mean value for this trait was 2.55 g, with a coefficient of variation of 20.62%. According to the literature, the average value of GWPPo ranged from 1.52 to 48.22 grams (Ghafoor et al., 2005;Ceyhan et al., 2008;Siddika et al., 2013;Kumari et al., 2015;Kalapchieva and Yankova, 2019;Kumar et al., 2022;Ton et al., 2022;Singh and Prakash, 2022). ...
In this study, a total of 12 vegetable pea genotypes of different growing seasons were subjected to phenotypic characterization. The vegetable pea genotypes are a part of the collection maintained at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad. The plant material included 10 promising lines and two released cultivars, Tamiš and Dunav. The trial was carried out in 2022. It was set up at the Rimski Šančevi site, as a randomized block design in five replications. A total of 14 agronomic traits were analyzed. The obtained research results revealed divergence in the investigated plant material. The statistical significance of all sources of variation was determined by the LSD test. The height of the first fertile node was found to be the most variable feature, with a coefficient of variation of 40.54%. The tested genotypes were clustered into two groups and two subgroups within the second group. The correlation analysis of the examined quantitative traits revealed the presence of several statistically significant positive and negative correlations. Some of the most significant positive correlations were established between the grain weight per plant and the number of grains per plant and the yield of technologically mature grain, while the pod width and the number of fertile nodes per plant had the most negative correlations with the other tested traits.
... The positive heterosis value indicates the over-dominance gene effect for the parent with a higher value. Significant positive and negative heterosis were recorded previously by different workers on pea genotypes by [49] who found that heterosis for hundred seed weight was mostly positive and large, and found by [45]. For the trait number of pods plant -1 , as it was shown in the table all crosses recorded positive heterosis values. ...
The present investigation was conducted to study the combining ability and heterosis of F1's crosses and their parents for yield and its components in seven pea genotypes Via Line Tester analysis during two growing seasons. Three varieties of pea as lines (Javor, NS minima, Oregon sugar pod) and four varieties as testers (Giant sugar pod, Green sage, Lancet, and Provence) have been crossed to produce 12 F1 crosses, during the first growing season at Qliasan Research Station. Emasculation and crossing were done by hand and sufficient seeds for crosses were produced. During the growing season of 2015-2016, the F1 seeds with their parents were implemented in the field experiment using RCBD with three replicates in Girdjan Research Station, to determine parental combinations through studying the general and specific combining abilities and their variances to improve pea crosses. The results showed that line parent 3 recorded a maximum pod length, and pod yield plant-1 , while tester parent 4 produced the maximum values for seed weight pod-1 , 100 seeds weight, number of pods plant-1 , and seeds yield plant-1. The results indicated that the cross 2×5 produced the maximum values for a number of pods plant-1 , pod yield plant-1 , and seeds yield plant-1. Parent line 3 showed a maximum negative GCA effect value of-8.92, while tester 7 exhibited a maximum positive GCA effect value of 7.447. Hybrid 2 × 7 had the highest positive heterosis values for two traits number of pods plant-1 , and seed yield plant-1. Keywords: (Pisum sativum L.); Line × Tester analysis; general combining ability; specific combining ability; heterosis Citation: Mohammad, M. (2024). Study of combining ability and heterosis for yield and its components in seven pea genotypes (Pisum sativum L.) and progeny by using Line X Tester analysis.
... The diallel analysis method is one of the most used breeding methods for the breeding of many crops and for the quantitative determination of plant breeders. It also helps in the analysis of polygenic characters in the genetic and nongenetic components in the predicted variation [15][16][17][18]. ...
... The varieties were planted in rows in plots 2 m long with a spacing of 1 m between the rows and in each row the plants had a spacing of 20 cm each. In order to ensure simultaneous flowering, planting was carried out at 4 different times with 10-day intervals [15][16][17][18]. The water needs of the plants were met by drip irrigation. ...
... During the experiment, five number seeds were planted to in one row for each hybrid group. A single row of parent varieties was planted before and after the hybrid groups, with the hybrids between the parents [15][16][17][18]. Hybrids with one seed were planted in such a way that the hybrid seed was placed in a row between two parents. ...
Abstract Five dry beans (Kınalı, Alberto, Great, Göynük and Özmen) were selected for high calcareous soils tolerance and used as parents in a full diallel method in 2019. F1 and its parents were grown in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Selcuk University with high lime content in 2020 with three replications. Variations for seed yield and its component maintenance were detected between parents and F hybrids grown on high calcareous soils, and some crosses were found to outperform their parents. Significant general combination ability (GCA) and special combination ability (SCA) were observed for seed yield per plant and components including plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, hundred seed weight, protein ratio and protein yield per plant. While non-additive gene effects were effective in plant height, pod height, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, protein ratio, and protein yield per plant, it was determined that additive gene effects were effective in other investigated traits. Garrafol was had the highest GCA for seed yield. The “Alberto x Kınalı”, “Özmen x G Northern 59”, “G Northern 59 x Özmen”, Özmen x Kınalı”, “Kınalı x Alberto” and “Göynük x Kınalı” crosses exhibited high SCA effects for seed yield per plant. These hybrids are the most promising combination, and it is appropriate to carry out selection processes by evaluating seed yield and yield components together in future generations.
... The lowest plant height was measured from genotype 16002 with 43.84 cm ( Table 2). The genetic structure of the cultivars is the most determining factor on plant height in pea (Ceyhan 2004;Ceyhan et al. 2008). Many previous studies reported that the stature of pea varieties was different (Ceyhan 2004;Ceyhan et al. 2008;Ceyhan et al. 2012;Avcı and Ceyhan 2013). ...
... The genetic structure of the cultivars is the most determining factor on plant height in pea (Ceyhan 2004;Ceyhan et al. 2008). Many previous studies reported that the stature of pea varieties was different (Ceyhan 2004;Ceyhan et al. 2008;Ceyhan et al. 2012;Avcı and Ceyhan 2013). ...
... Among the varieties, the highest number of pods was determined in genotype 16011 and the lowest number of pods was determined in the Betagreen variety. Similar results were obtained in many previous studies (Ceyhan 2004;Ceyhan et al. 2008;Gopinath et al. 2009;Ceyhan et al. 2012;Göksu 2012;Avcı and Ceyhan 2013). ...
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) plant, a legume species, is used as a vegetable for fresh consumption and frozen, canned or dried and processed and consumed as dry grain. The effects of organic fertilization, which is important for plant nutrition and soil fertility in pea cultivation, on grain yield and some agricultural characteristics were investigated. The experiment was carried out in the experiment field belonging to Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Prof. Dr. Abdülkadir AKÇİN Research and Application Station in 2021 according to the "Split Plots Experiment in Randomized Blocks" design with 3 replications. In the research, fertilizers were randomly placed in the main plots and varieties were randomly placed in the sub-plots. In the experiment, high yielding 16002, 16011, 16018, 16022 and Ultrello x Rondo genotypes suitable for fresh consumption and registered Betagreen pea variety were used as materials. Grain yield, some agronomic traits, protein yield and protein ratio were analyzed in the study. It was determined that the effects of chemical fertilizer and some organic fertilizer applications on all other traits examined in peas were statistically significant. According to the results of the research, the number of branches in pea plants was 3.18 pieces/plant (control) and 4.13 pieces/plant (chemical fertilizer), plant height was 45.89 cm (sheep manure) and 49.51 cm (chemical fertilizer), the number of pods was 14.31 pieces/plant (control) and 25.90 pieces/plant (chemical fertilizer), the number of grains in pods was 4.90 pieces (control) and 6.64 pieces (chemical fertilizer), the number of grains per plant was 70. 03 (control) to 172.20 (chemical fertilizer), hundred seed weight 29.30 g (control) to 33.22 g (chemical fertilizer), grain yield 128.75 kg da-1 (control) to 300.38 kg da-1 (chemical fertilizer), protein content 22.49% (control) to 23.12% (sheep manure) and protein yield 28.96 kg da-1 (control) to 67.91 kg da-1 (chemical fertilizer). The responses of genotypes to organic fertilizer applications showed differences. As a result, it was determined that organic fertilization in peas gave less grain yield than those grown with chemical fertilization, but protein content had higher values. This showed that organic fertilization is a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for pea cultivation.
... According to the average seed yields in the F2 generation, the parental values varies between 17.04 g/plant (Karagöz) and 52.06 g/plant (Sırma), and in the F2 generation, the single-plant seed yields were 24.45 g/plant (Sırma x Karagöz) and 51.41 g/plant (Pekşen x Karagöz) ( Table 6). With the findings of this study, Ceyhan (2004), Peksen and Artık (2004), Ceyhan et al. (2008), Borivoj et al. (2013), Kadam et al. (2013), Ceyhan et al. (2014), Rodrigues et al. (2018), Walle et al. (2019), andJoshi et al. (2022) are in harmony. ...
Cowpea is an essential economic crop in underdeveloped and developing countries mainly grown by small farmers. The parents and F2 populations obtained for the F1 generation were planted, in 3 rows of 2 m in length, with row spacing of 45 cm, row spacing of 10 cm and in the ecological conditions of Konya in 2021. The 20 F2 populations and 5 parents were evaluated in the 2021 grown season. General combining ability (GCA) effects for various parents differed significantly. “Sırma” gave significant, positive GCA effects for the number of pod per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant and protein yield in plant. Significant, positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects were smaller and less significant than GCA effects. The non-additive dominant gene effect was determined for all the traits. Heterosis of the F2 over the high-parent was observed in five F2 populations. In the terms of combining ability for yield, the best parent was “Sırma”. The heterosis for a yield of F2 hybrids resulted mainly from an increased number of seeds per plant, hundred seed weight. These results suggest that high yielding F2 cowpea populations can be developed that may contain acceptable levels of superior agronomic and technological characteristics.
... Vegetable pea seeds are consumed fresh, frozen, canned, or dehydrated and are highly tasty and nourishing for human nutrition. There is growing interest in this crop as a cheap source of protein because of its high protein content (20-30 %) and the increased demand for protein-rich raw materials for animal feed or intermediate products for human nutrition [5]. The anti-oxidant flavonoids carotenes, lutein, and zeaxanthin, which assist to prevent lung and oral cavity malignancies, are present in sufficient amounts [6]. ...
... followed by P 3 x P 6 (13.80) recorded maximum mean value for the node to first pod appearance. Similar findings were also reported by Shubh and Dhar [8], Ceyhan et al. [5]. ...
The present investigation was carried out to obtain information based on per se performances of parents and their combinations for genetic improvement in vegetable pea. Ten promising genotypes were crossed in a diallel manner (excluding reciprocals). Half diallel set of 45 F1’s in vegetable pea was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications for eighteen yield and yield attributing traits during Rabi 2020-21 (Y1) and 2021-22 (Y2) at the Main Experimental Station (MES), Department of Vegetable Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) India. The study evident that highly significant differences were observed for most of the traits under study. Based on per se performance, parent P10 (60.84 g) exhibited the highest green pod yield per plant followed by P5 (55.80 g). The per se performance of crosses i.e. P7 x P10 (81.88 g) followed by P6 x P10 (81.87 g), P5 x P10 (79.66 g) and P5 x P7 (78.89 g) produced significantly higher green pod yield per plant than the general mean. These hybrids may be exploited as a new variety after selection and subjected to multi-locational trials for their release as cultivation on a commercial scale.
... The most appropriate approach to combine various desirable quantitative traits is recombination breeding, which is completely hinged on the genetic architecture of the traits (Cockerham 1961;Sood and Kalia 2006). Therefore, intensive efforts have been made to understand the inheritance pattern of different traits and consequently noticed that additive and nonadditive gene effects are instrumental in the inheritance of various yield components (Singh and Sharma 2004;Avcı and Ceyhan 2006;Burstin et al. 2007;Beeck et al. 2008;Ceyhan et al. 2008). In pea, grain yield is predominantly controlled by additive gene action but nonadditive factors also play significant role Kumar et al. 2006a, b). ...
Field pea (Pisum sativus L.) is a nutritionally dense winter season pulse crop, consumed worldwide as food, feed and fodder and offers nutritional security to low-income folks of various developing countries. It is an excellent source of protein and carbohydrate in juxtaposition with vitamins, essential amino acids, and macro- and micronutrients. In addition, it plays an important role in management of Type 2 diabetes and body weight, blood cholesterol reduction, improves cardiovascular health and gastrointestinal function. It is susceptible to many biotic and abiotic stresses that seriously hinder its sustainable production. Over the years, sincere efforts have been made toward the genetic improvement of field pea to subsidize antinutritional components and elevate production potential. In this book chapter, the importance of the crop, its common uses, origin, evolution, gene pool, botanical description, floral biology, cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics, genetic variability for important agronomic traits, inheritance of qualitative and quantitative traits, and brief account of genetic resources have been illustrated. The achievement made in field pea through conventional and nonconventional breeding approaches, that is, hybridization, distant hybridization, and mutation breeding, have been reviewed. The current scenario of genomics resources and marker-assisted breeding has also been deliberated. Moreover, the breeding objectives, major constraints, and future perspectives in order to explore cutting-edge tools and technique for enriching field pea genomic resources have been outlined. Furthermore, the currently existing coordinated testing system for new entries and quality seed production has also been described in short. Overall, to accelerate genetic gain in field pea along with nutritional enrichment, there is urgent need of exploitation of recent advanced tools and techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, small RNAomics, epigenomics, interactomics, bioinformatics, genomic selection, genome editing, and speed breeding to bolster the field pea breeding program.Keywords
Pisum sativum
CytogeneticsGermplasmBreeding strategiesBreeding objectivesCoordinated system of testing
... Cross NF-18-52 (Local) × NIFVg-17-12 depicted the highest heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and standard heterosis, respectively for branches per plant. The results are in agreement with the findings of Ceyhan et al. (2008);Yadav et al. (2015); Hariom et al. (2017); Kumar et al. (2019);Nagheswar et al. (2020); Zyada and Samar (2021); Kumar et al. (2021). The best performing cross for pods per plant was NIFPGr-17-64 × NF-18-52 (Local) over mid parent and better parent and cross GDF-1 × NIFVg-17-12 over the standard check. ...
... The best performing cross for pods per plant was NIFPGr-17-64 × NF-18-52 (Local) over mid parent and better parent and cross GDF-1 × NIFVg-17-12 over the standard check. Significant positive pods per plant were also reported by Ceyhan et al. (2008); ; Sharma and Bora (2013); Yadav et al. (2015); Joshi et al. (2015); Hariom et al. (2017); Kosev (2015); Brar et al. (2016); Tampha Zyada and Samar (2021). The top five cross combinations for yield per plant were GDF-1 × NIFPVg-17-12, NIFPVg-1712 × NIFPGr-17-63, GDF-1 × NIFPVg-17-10, NF-18-52(Local) × NIFPGr17-12, and NIFPGr-17-64 × NIFPVg-17-12 respectively. ...
A study carried out to identify superior hybrids by utilizing a half diallel set involving six fieldpea genotypes. This investigation was conducted at Castor and Pulses Research Station, Navsari agricultural university, Navsari and in subsequent season F1's were evaluated in 2019-20, Rabi season. The magnitude of heterosis varied from the cross to cross for all the characters studied. The top five cross combinations for yield per plant were GDF-1 × NIFPVg-17-12, NIFPVg-1712 × NIFPGr-17-63, GDF-1 × NIFPVg-17-10, NF-18-52(Local) × NIFPGr17-12, and NIFPGr-17-64 × NIFPVg-17-12 respectively. None of the crosses were found significantly superior to the standard check but gave a superior yield than the standard check (GDF-1). The highest heterosis over standard check found was 12.12 for GDF-1 × NIFPVg-17-12. Presence of many challenges, in utilizing pea as a study material like low yielding nature, lower harvest index, difficulty in crossing, lower success rate in crossing. This study was done to overcome the yield barriers and finding best heterotic combination.
... Understanding the heterotic affinities of Striga-resistant yellow-maize inbred lines with diverse genetic backgrounds that have not been characterized is important to select suitable parents for developing source populations for developing new inbred lines and generating superior hybrid combinations (Menkir et al. 2004). The line × tester mating design has been widely used, as it is the simplest and fastest approach for evaluating the breeding values of inbred lines in hybrid combinations (Albrecht et al. 2014) and to separate lines into heterotic groups (Menkir et al. 2004;Sharma 2006;Rashid, Cheema, and Ashraf 2007;Ceyhan, Avci, and Karadas 2008;Fato et al. 2012;Annor et al. 2020). Appropriate placement of new maize inbred lines into heterotic groups is determined by the type of tester used to generate crosses and evaluate them across target locations, years, and stress conditions (Xia et al. 2005;Hallauer, Carena, and Filho 2010). ...
Identifying efficient testers for separating maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines into heterotic groups can facilitate the development of superior hybrids. Striga-resistant yellow-maize inbred lines developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) do not have well established heterotic groups. This study was conducted to identify efficient testers for classifying yellow-maize inbred lines into heterotic groups. Thirty Striga-resistant inbred lines were crossed with three testers having varying levels of resistance to Striga. A trial comprising 90 testcrosses and two hybrid checks was conducted at two locations in Nigeria for 2 years under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions. The approach that involved specific combining ability (SCA) effects and mean grain yields was found to be more efficient than the heterotic group’s specific and general combining ability (HSGCA) grouping method in separating the 30 inbred lines into three heterotic groups. The tolerant and resistant testers were highly efficient in grouping the inbred lines into heterotic groups under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions using the two approaches. Striga-resistant yellow inbred lines assigned to two of the three major heterotic groups could be used as parents for developing superior hybrids and/or synthetics and for generating source populations for developing new maize inbred lines.
