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... The obtained DNA sequences were input into GenBank, and the rDNA-ITS sequences were compared and analyzed by Blast program and DNAMAN tool, and the N-J phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the mold species. Zhang Rui and Yang Yong [8,9] also conducted similar experiments, and the results showed that the fungi in biological specimens were mainly aspergillus and Streptomyces. Despite the application of rDNA-ITS sequence analysis has certain limitations, but the traditional fungal morphological identifi cation method because of the infl uence of subjective experience and experiment condition made the appraisal work more diffi cult, unless research institutions and professionals, in the basic unit few comprehensive ability in fungal morphological identifi cation, and rDNA -ITS sequence analysis for fungal identifi cation is relatively more objective, simple, rapid. ...
Animal specimens are easily invaded and corroded by molds, which seriously affects the beautful shape and integrity of biological specimens, It’s led to a huge economic loss. And the traditional methods & agentia of molds controlled are always spoisonous and polluted agentia. In this paper, review the detecting methods of animal specimens infected molds, exploring methods and reagents of prevention of molds,which can make the animal specimens be preserved for a long time without mold damage. This way would be green, environmental-friendly, and protect the human health and reduce economic losses.
... The species can also cause significant damage to specimens deposited in herbaria (Zhang et al. 2016) and also to works of art, especially paintings (Fig. 37). Examination of fungi isolated from deteriorated paintings from Mus ee des beaux Arts de Brest (France) and Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia during this study showed that species A. destruens, A. conicus, A. domesticus, A. vilosus, A. vitricola, A. glabripes, A. tardicrescens, A. reticulatus, A. magnivesiculatus and A. salinicola can deteriorate paintings and generate cultural and economic losses. ...
Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus Aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. Restricti. The monophyly of sections Aspergillus and Restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted species and was strongly supported by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferrence (BI) analysis based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. More than 300 strains belonging to sect. Restricti from various isolation sources and four continents were characterized by DNA sequencing, and 193 isolates were selected for phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic studies. Species delimitation methods based on multispecies coalescent model were employed on DNA sequences from four loci, i.e., ID region of rDNA (ITS + 28S), CaM, benA and RPB2, and supported recognition of 21 species, including 14 new. All these species were also strongly supported in ML and BI analyses. All recognised species can be reliably identified by all four examined genetic loci. Phenotype analysis was performed to support the delimitation of new species and includes colony characteristics on seven cultivation media incubated at several temperatures, growth on an osmotic gradient (six media with NaCl concentration from 0 to 25 %) and analysis of morphology including scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of conidial heads, vesicle dimensions, temperature profiles and growth parameters in osmotic gradient were useful criteria for species identification.
