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The ionic conductivities of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) in water soluble polymer systems (aqueous polyvinyl alcohol and aqueous polyacrylamide) of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g.dL-1 were measured in various concentrations (2x10-3 to 10x10-3 mol.dm-3) and at different temperatures ranges from 298 to 318 K with interval of 5 K. The condu...
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Context 1
... 1 and 2 respectively. These values were used to compute the molar conductance (Λ m ), reported in Tables 3 and 4 ...
Context 2
... direct relation of molar conductance with the increasing concentration of the aqueous polymer is also observed. Results tabulated in Table 3 and 4 also show an increase in molar conductance with the increase in concentration of aqueous PVOH and aqueous PAM. The solvent effects conductance primarily, through its viscosity, hydrogen bonding capability, dielectric constant, and its specific interaction with ions. ...
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Citations
... The most prominent use of polyamides is in the manufacturing of reverse osmosis water treatment membranes [6]. PAAM and its copolymers are used as coagulants and flocculants in waste and potable water treatment units, as displacing fluids in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR), drag reduction agents (DRAs) in water and crude oil transportation pipelines, polymeric additive in water-based drilling fluids, and as water clarifier in industries such as mining and paper- [7]. The Na + ion has the potential to substitute lithium Li + ion in lithium-ion batteries [8]. ...
... The polymer matrix surrounding the water molecule is firmly held together by H-bonds and that the movement of water molecules containing the solvated ions from one place to another requires breakage of H-bonds. This behavior of aqueous PVOH is also responsible for lower values of conductivity of NaCl and KCl as compared to in aqueous PAAM [7,25]. The conformation of PVOH and PAAM in water is shown in Fig. 10. ...
... The values of the degree of dissociation of NaCl and KCl are tabulated in Table 9. The degree of dissociation of NaCl and KCl decreased with the increase of temperature due to the exothermic nature of the dissociation of NaCl and KCl which promotes the phenomenon of ion-pair formation at higher temperatures [7,33]. The degree of dissociation was higher for NaCl as compared to KCl, while in terms of solvent; the degree of dissociation was higher in aqueous PVOH as compared to aqueous PAAM. ...
The electrical conductivity (Κ), molar conductivity (Λm), and limiting molar conductivity (Λmo) of NaCl and KCl in different compositions of aqueous PVOH and PAAM (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% w/v considering the solubility of PVOH and PAAM in water) were determined at temperatures from 298 to 318 K with a difference of 5 K. The concentration of NaCl and KCl was from 2.0 to 10.0 × 10−3 mol.dm−3. The electrical conductivity of KCl was higher than NaCl. The electrical conductivity increased with the increase in concentration of NaCl and KCl, while a reverse trend was observed for the molar conductivity. The electrical conductivity and molar conductivity increased with the increase of temperature and concentration of polymer in the solvent. The change in conductive properties of NaCl and KCl in aqueous PVOH and PAAM was used to evaluate the fundamental changes inside the solution at the molecular level. The degree of dissociation and dissociation constant decreased with the increase of temperature due to the exothermic nature of the dissociation of NaCl and KCl. The ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions were evaluated by the Debye-Huckel relation. The ion-ion interaction (A) decreased, while the ion-solvent interaction (B) increased with the increase of temperature. The thermodynamic parameters for the dissociation of NaCl and KCl were also determined to understand the energetics and spontaneity of the process. The results are explained in terms of electrostatic interactions, structural effects, and energetics of the processes involved.
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