Mössbauer spectra of a BFTO, b BNFTO, and c BGFTO compounds at T = 12 K and T = 300 K (inset). d Illustration to the replacement of Bi 3+ ion by Nd 3+ and Gd 3+ . Different radii induce lattice dis-

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... 5a-c presents the Mössbauer spectrum for the samples studied in this work. The spectra were measured considering two different temperatures (12 and 300 K). In Fig. 5a, the spectrum for the BFTO sample measured at 12 K is quitewell fitted with one doublet. The inset in Fig. 5a shows the spectrum obtained at 300 K, which is similar to that obtained at 12 K, i.e., it can also be well fitted using a doublet. In this case, the obtained isomer shift (δ) was δ ~ 0.370 mm/s and the quadrupole splitting (ΔE ...

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... 5a-c presents the Mössbauer spectrum for the samples studied in this work. The spectra were measured considering two different temperatures (12 and 300 K). In Fig. 5a, the spectrum for the BFTO sample measured at 12 K is quitewell fitted with one doublet. The inset in Fig. 5a shows the spectrum obtained at 300 K, which is similar to that obtained at 12 K, i.e., it can also be well fitted using a doublet. In this case, the obtained isomer shift (δ) was δ ~ 0.370 mm/s and the quadrupole splitting (ΔE Q ) was 0.607 mm/s for the result at 12 K, while δ ~ 0.245 mm/s and ΔE Q ~ 0.595 mm/s for the measurement at ...

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... Mössbauer spectrum of the BNFTO sample measured at 12 K is shown in Fig. 5b. For this sample, the spectrum is well fitted with a doublet and a sextet, which is indicative that Fe 3+ ions have antiferromagnetic order and also contribute to the total magnetic moment of the sample. The relative area of the doublet is approximately 63.2%, whereas, for the magnetic ordering phase, it is 36. It is well known that ...

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... Table 4 demonstrate that the ΔE Q values are practically independent of the temperature. However, by comparing the quadrupole splitting values of BFTO with BNFTO and BGFTO, we can observe there is a decrease in the values of ΔE Q . This may be due to the replacement of Bi 3+ ions, which have a larger radius, by Nd 3+ and Gd 3+ , as illustrated in Fig. 5d. Doping the Bi-site with different radii ions (Nd 3+ and Gd 3+ ) induces lattice distortion (compression) and tilting of FeO 6 octahedra. The tilting of FeO 6 octahedra would give rise to a canted spin structure, which could favor the existence of a weak ferromagnetic phase via the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This ...