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| Moenkhausia melogramma, holotype, MCZ 20285, 38.3 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Tabatinga. A. recent photograph, available on MCZ website (all rights reserved); B. aer Eigenmann, 1917 (pl. 6, fig. 1).
Source publication
Moenkhausia melogramma is herein redescribed, based on the examination of the holotype plus additional specimens from the western Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. Moenkhausia melogramma shares with M. collettii, M. conspicua, M. copei, M. venerei, and M. flava a broad dark longitudinal stripe across the eye, and a well-defined d...
Contexts in source publication
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... melogrammus was described by Eigenmann (1908) based on a single specimen from upper Amazon basin in Tabatinga, Amazonas State, Brazil (MCZ 20825), which was collected during the Thayer Expedition and was only described 43 years later (Fig. 1). The name of the species was later amended to M. melogramma by Eigenmann (1910). The original description only mentioned the number of fin rays, the misalignment of the third premaxillary tooth of the outer row in relation to the other teeth, and general color pattern, characterized by the absence of blotches, presence of a faint ...
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... Eigenmann (1917: 78-79) provided a more detailed description of the species, including a retouched picture of the holotype (pl. 6, fig. 1) but, once again, solely based on the holotype. Géry (1977) proposed an artificial key to Moenkhausia and divided the genus into three groups of species -M. lepidura, M. grandisquamis, and M. chrysargyrea -according to the shape of body, number of scales above and below lateral line). Géry (1977) placed M. melogramma within the M. ...
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... by the total number of examined specimens, which is given first, followed by the number of cleared and stained individuals (if any); asterisks indicate values for the holotype. The map was prepared using QGis 3.4.6 Madeira (QGIS Geographic Information System, 2020). Institutional abbreviations are listed as in Sabaj (2019). Eigenmann, 1908 ( Figs. 1-3 Description. Morphometric data summarized in Tab. 1. Body compressed, moderately deep; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from tip of snout to anterior nostrils, straight to slightly concave from anterior nostrils to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body moderately convex from ...
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... the first vertically elongated, and the second faint and inconspicuous. Although Eigenmann (1908Eigenmann ( , 1917 did not refer to the presence of the dark stripe across the eye, the examination of a picture of the holotype revealed that this feature is still discernible. The humeral blotches, however, cannot be in fact discerned in the holotype (Fig. 1). The holotype pigmentation is currently faded and judging from the retouched picture provided by Eigenmann (1917: pl. 6, fig. 1), it already was at the time of its description, so the lack of humeral blotches is considered as a preservation ...
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... the presence of the dark stripe across the eye, the examination of a picture of the holotype revealed that this feature is still discernible. The humeral blotches, however, cannot be in fact discerned in the holotype (Fig. 1). The holotype pigmentation is currently faded and judging from the retouched picture provided by Eigenmann (1917: pl. 6, fig. 1), it already was at the time of its description, so the lack of humeral blotches is considered as a preservation ...
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Citations
... Moenkhausia Eigenmann is one of the most speciose genera in Characidae, with 95 species currently recognized as valid (Mathubara and Toledo-Piza, 2020;Soares et al., 2020). Similar to other speciose genera in Characidae, such as Hemigrammus Gill and Hyphessobrycon Durbin, Moenkhausia has been recognized as a non-monophyletic entity for a long time, since Eigenmann (1917). ...
... Moenkhausia Eigenmann is one of the most speciose genera in Characidae, with 95 species currently recognized as valid (Mathubara and Toledo-Piza, 2020;Soares et al., 2020). Similar to other speciose genera in Characidae, such as Hemigrammus Gill and Hyphessobrycon Durbin, Moenkhausia has been recognized as a non-monophyletic entity for a long time, since Eigenmann (1917). ...
The Vaupés River stands out as one of the few within the Amazon basin due to its numerous rapids. These riverine fast-flowing sections not only provide habitat to highly specialized fishes but also function as natural barriers hindering the movement of fish along its course. During a fish-collecting expedition in the lower Vaupés River basin in Colombia, 95 species were registered belonging to 30 families and seven orders. Despite recent inventories in the region, our comprehensive sampling efforts particularly focused on the rapids and associated rheophilic fauna, allowing us to contribute the first records of four fish species in Colombia (Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu, 2016, Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Jégu, 2002, also first record of the genus, Leptodoras praelongus (Myers & Weitzman, 1956), and Eigenmannia matintapereira Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015) and six presumably undescribed species (i.e., Jupiaba sp., Moenkhausia sp., Phenacogaster sp., Bunocephalus sp., Hemiancistrus sp., and Archolaemus sp.). In this study, a commented list of the ichthyofauna of these environments is presented, as well as a photographic catalog of fish species integrated into the CaVFish Project – Colombia.
A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the rio Machado drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. It is diagnosed from congeners by its color pattern, consisting of the concentration of chromatophores on the anterior portion of body scales, the horizontally elongate blotch on caudal peduncle, a bright golden coloration of the dorsal portion of eye when alive, and a dark line crossing the eye horizontally. The new species has variable morphology regarding trunk lateral-line canals. Most fully grown individuals do not have enclosed bony tube in many lateral line scales, resembling early developmental stages of tube formation of other species. This paedomorphic condition is interpreted as a result of developmental truncation. Such evolutionary process may have been responsible for the presence of distinct levels of trunk lateral line reductions in small characids. Variation in this feature is common, even between the sides of the same individual. We reassert that the degree of trunk lateral-line tube development must be used with care in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, because reductions in the laterosensory system may constitute parallel loss in the Characidae. We suggest the new species to be categorized Near Threatened due to the restricted geographical distribution and continuing decline in habitat quality.
