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Titania is considered to be one of the most versatile material in its nanoform. Scientific community looks towards it to address various pressing global problems. One such problem is aquatic pollution arising from organic chemicals such as dyes, pesticides, antibiotics etc. due to industrial, domestic and agricultural activities. Titania proves to...
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The functionalization of graphene has been reported widely, showing special physical and chemical properties. However, due to the lack of surface functional groups, the poor dispersibility of graphene in solvents strongly limits its engineering applications. This paper develops a novel green “in-situ titania intercalation” method to prepare a highl...
Citations
... These defects serve as charge traps, leading to elevated recombination rates of photogenerated carriers. 107 Attempts to boost the perovskite solar cells' photovoltaic efficiency have concentrated mostly on adjusting the TiO 2 electron transport layer. Doping elements, coating interfaces, and making heterojunctions are all examples of such methods. ...
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have drawn interest in recent years due to their progressively improving power conversion efficiency (PCE), lightweight and wearable properties, straightforward solution fabrication process, suitability for flight, potential for deployment in ultra-lightweight space applications, and low-cost material constituents, among other factors. The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 25% by developing novel low-cost synthesis methods and advancements in interface and electrode materials, enhancing the production of high-quality perovskite films. Moreover, perovskite solar cells’ stability has been the focus of several studies. This review primarily examines recent advances in perovskite solar cells concerning their properties, composition, and synthesis methods. The main focus is to study transition metal oxide (TMO)-based nanocomposites for various PSC layers, including electron transport layers (ETLs), hole transport layers (HTLs), and other layers. These TMO-based nanocomposites were employed in perovskite solar cells, considering their band gap, carrier mobility, transmittance, and other relevant factors. The prospects of different TMO (iron, titanium, copper, nickel, etc) -based perovskite solar cells and their potential for commercialization feasibility have also been examined.
... /10.5772/intechopen.114239 octahedra are arranged in linear chains parallel to the (001) plane, sharing only two edges; while brookite, on the other hand, both corners and edges are connected [33]. Also, TiO 2 -B is primarily composed of layered titanate, and its structure is comparable to that of its layered precursor, which is made up of corrugated sheets that share edges and corners with TiO 6 octahedra as shown in Figure 3 [34]. ...
Energy storage technology is a valuable tool for storing and utilizing newly generated energy. Lithium-based batteries have proven to be effective energy storage units in various technological devices due to their high-energy density. However, a major obstacle to developing lithium-based battery technology is the lack of high-performance electrode materials with a long lifespan, superior rate capability, and high safety standards. Thus, the rational design of highly reliable electrode materials is crucial when considering the development of high-performance lithium-based batteries for sustainable energy storage. As a result, titanium dioxide-based nanocomposites have gained a lot of interest as potential electrode materials for lithium-based batteries due to their unique properties such as structural characteristics, low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, this chapter gives an overview of the properties, preparation methods, and application of titanium dioxide-based nanocomposites as anode and cathode active materials for high-performance lithium-based batteries.
... Titanium dioxide or Titania is a semiconductor with photocatalytic properties and has many applications such as photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, removal of organic pollutants, synthesis of polymers, drug delivery and so on [78]. Titanium dioxide is known in four different polymorphic forms -rutile, anatase, brookite, and TiO 2 (B). ...
ABSTRACT
In recent decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have begun to be used not only in
industry but also in agriculture. The size (0.1–100 nm) of NPs determines
their different chemical, physical, and biological properties, distinguishing
them from large-scale particles. These new features of the particles allow
to use them for remediation of contaminated soils and waters. Nanoremediation
technologies are new and fast growing. The base advantages of
these methods for remediation are high efficiency and rapidness, but they are
relatively expensive technologies. Organic contaminants and metals from
soils and waters can be easily removed using NPs. Latterly, a new type of
contaminant is emerged – nano- and micro-plastic particles. Contamination of
environment with nano- and microplastic is a huge problem for ecosystem of
the Earth. Remediation of the plastic contaminant with NPs is a new process
but with very god prospects. Also, the ecological impact of nanomaterials
on the environment is still poorly studied. There are many types of NPs but
only some of them are used for the processes of removal of contaminants.
The most used nanomaterials for remediation are carbon particles, especially
carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zero-valent iron (nZVI), metallic (MeNPs) and
magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). CNTs are mostly used to remove organic
pollutants due to their absorption properties. nZVI NPs are high reactive,
and this is the main reason for their widespread use in remediation of soil and ground water. MNPs have unique properties for magnetic separation
and absorption of metal ions and are therefore used in the purification of
soil and groundwater contamination with metals. Other particles such as
chitosan (CS) NPs are increasingly being used in the process of remediation.
The advantages of CS NPs are their nontoxicity and biodegradability. In this
chapter, I will discuss the principles and methods of nanoremediation, the
types of nanomaterials used for remediation, as well as their environmental
impact.
... Their great advantage is that they can harness solar radiation. For photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (titania, TiO2), the most exhaustive scrutiny has been carried out [13][14][15] due to its cost-effectiveness [16], stability [17,18], widespread availability, and heightened activity [9,19]. A modification is essential to enhance its photochemical and adsorptive performances, especially to be active under visible light [13,20]. ...
... Their great advantage is that they can harness solar radiation. For photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (titania, TiO 2 ), the most exhaustive scrutiny has been carried out [13][14][15] due to its cost-effectiveness [16], stability [17,18], widespread availability, and heightened activity [9,19]. A modification is essential to enhance its photochemical and adsorptive performances, especially to be active under visible light [13,20]. ...
Iron-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely employed for photocatalytic applications under visible light due to their promising performance. Nevertheless, the manufacturing process, the role of Fe3+ ions within the crystal lattice of titanium dioxide, and their impact on operational parameters are still a subject of controversy. Based on these assumptions, the primary objective of this review is to delineate the role of iron, ascertain the optimal quantity, and elucidate its influence on the main photocatalysis parameters, including nanoparticle size, band gap, surface area, anatase–rutile transition, and point of zero charge. Moreover, an optimized synthesis method based on comprehensive data and insights from the existing literature is proposed, focusing exclusively on iron-doped titanium oxide while excluding other dopant variants.
... Moreover, sun-rich regions like South Africa present an advantageous setting for harnessing solar energy and implementing photocatalysis in hydrogen production. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as a highly efficient photocatalyst due to its abundance and unique properties, including chemical stability, low cost, and non-toxicity [3,4], making it an attractive candidate for photocatalytic applications [4]. ...
... Lastly, nanotubes require a smaller amount of material compared to bulk catalysts to achieve the same catalytic activity. This efficient utilization of resources is particularly important for expensive or scarce materials, allowing for cost-effective and sustainable hydrogen evolution processes [3]. ...
The pursuit of sustainable and clean energy sources has led to the exploration of green hydrogen as a versatile and eco-friendly energy carrier. This research paper focuses on the application of photocatalytic electrolysis, particularly utilizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, for efficient hydrogen production. The study investigates the synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes on additive manufacturing (AM)-produced substrates and explores the effects of post-synthesis annealing and cleaning techniques. The results demonstrate well-organized and uniform nanotubes, with the morphology depending on the annealing ramp rate. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a phase transformation to anatase with a grain size of approximately 28 nm upon annealing. The study emphasizes the importance of post-synthesis cleaning in achieving desired nanotube surfaces. Cleaning with ethanol followed by 10 vol% HCl produces well-organized nanotubes of varying sizes. Overall, the research contributes to the understanding of surface modification techniques and nanostructured architectures for optimizing hydrogen photoelectrodes. The study also highlights the potential of AM in advanced fabrication methods for improved photoelectrochemical electrodes and offers valuable insights for future work in this field.
... eV (Maulidya et al., 2022). In general, applications of TiO 2 are highly dependent on its crystal composition as well as the crystallinity, particle size, pH of suspension, surface area, irradiation light preparation method, and photochemical reactivity in the reaction medium (Allende-González et al., 2018;Alsheheri, 2021;Mazinani et al., 2014). Anatase, rutile, and brookite are the three crystalline phases, as well as their combinations, in which TiO 2 is most abundant. ...
Using a combination method of roasting process with soda ash (Na2CO3) and hydrochloric acid leaching, a TiO2-based photocatalyst was successfully synthesized from Indonesia ilmenite ore. The study investigated the effect of Na2CO3 ratios, roasting times, and HCl concentration on the physical and photocatalytic properties of the photocatalyst. The results revealed that HCl concentration played a critical role in altering the characteristics of the prepared photocatalyst. TiO2 composition increased by 61% compared to ilmenite ore when 20% HCl was used, whereas Fe2O3 composition decreased by 88%. The physical properties and photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 were similar to those of low-grade commercial TiO2. When conducted to 3 h of low-power (8 W) UV light irradiation, the photocatalyst decomposed Eriochrome Black-T, an organic dye model pollutant, by up to 83%. This study’s findings provide crucial implications for further research on recovering TiO2-based photocatalyst from ilmenite ore using a simple method.
... The most widely used photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) [4,5] which is economic [6], non-toxic, available, chemical inert, with high photocatalytic activity [7] as claimed by many authors [8][9][10]. Schematic photochemical activation of titania is represented in Fig. 1. ...
This study focuses on the synthesis of iron-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles “via solid-state” method, as an alternative to the more common doping strategies, with different iron content (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%) using commercial titania Degussa P25 and TiO 2 synthesized (sTiO 2 ) via microemulsion method. The samples were characterized by SEM, BET, UV–Vis-DRS, and XRD. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated in terms of methylene blue (MB) degradation in aqueous solution under visible radiation (LED lamp 13 W) and under different conditions (pH, catalyst dosage, pollutant initial concentration, irradiance). The tests showed a big difference between sTiO 2 and Degussa 25. The sTiO 2 with an iron load of 1.0 wt% (1% Fe–TiO 2 ) has been proven to be the best photocatalyst. This behavior is attributed to the Fe ³⁺ species in sTiO 2 crystal lattice whose presence decreases the bandgap.
Graphical abstract
... The effect of the pH value on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 is rather complex due to several factors: electrostatic interaction between semiconductor surface, solvent molecules, reactants, and radicals formed during the reaction, etc. [195]. Surface-charge properties of the photocatalyst are influenced by pH value, as shown by Zhu et al. [196]. ...
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), one of the most frequently used materials in general, has emerged as an excellent photocatalytic material for environmental applications. In this review, principles and mechanisms of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 have been analyzed. Structural and physical specificities of TiO2 nanoparticles, such as morphology, crystal structure, and electronic and optical properties, have been considered in the context of photocatalytic applications. A review of the influence of several factors, such as the type and dimensions of photocatalyst particles, pH of the solution, the influence of oxidants/electron acceptors, and light intensity on photocatalytic properties of TiO2, has been provided. Superhydrophilicity as an intrinsic property of the TiO2 surface was discussed through surface reconstruction on TiO2 during the reversible hydrophilic changes. Additionally, attention was paid to improving the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 particles through aggregation and agglomeration.
... Hydrated titanium dioxide shows to have ion-exchange selectivity of a number of divalent metal ions and cesium cations [29]. Recently TiO2 has greatly extended its applications in many other areas, such as sensors [30] lithium-ion batteries and super capacitors [31] and environment remediation [32]. ...
Sorption is one of the most promising techniques due to its advantages of
high efficiency, low operation temperature, and high selectivity. Nanotitanium
oxide(TiO2), nanofibrous cerium phosphate, Ce(HPO4)2.2.9H2O(nCePf), and
novel sorbents titanium oxide-cerium phosphate nanocomposite membranes,
[nTiO2](0.10)[nCePf](0.90) , [nTiO2](0.25)[nCePf](0.75) , were prepared and
characterized.. Studies the adsorption of divalent metal ions Cd+2 , Cu+2 , Zn+2 ,
CO+2 and La+3 , Y+3 metal ions on nanofibrous cerium phosphate and on the
novel nanocomposite membranes , in nitric acid solution of PH 4, were carried
out. The uptake of the divalent metal ions were estimated by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, while the uptake of La+3 and Y+3 metal ions were estimated by
complexation method using EDTANa2 . From the distribution coefficients (Kd
values) calculations it was found high selectivity of Cd+2 and Zn+2 metal ions
with [nTiO2 ](0.25)[nCePf] (0.75) nano composite membrane. High uptake of
La+3 and Y+3 was also found with [nTiO2 ](0.25)[nCePf] (0.75) nano composite
membrane. In general the sorbents used were found to be very efficient
without suffering any extensive decomposition.
... eV, which makes it a compelling option for applications requiring a dielectric material. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a negatively conductive n-type semiconductor material due to intrinsic defects in the crystal structure of the lattice [7]. ...
In this work, TiO nanostructure films were deposited via vacuum thermal evaporation at a temperature of 80°C. The TiO thin films were annealed under vacuum for 1 h at three different degrees (200, 300, and 400°C) in addition to the thin film prepared at 80°C. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that all the deposited and annealed TiO films had anatase polycrystalline diffraction patterns with a predominant reflection of the (200) plane. As a result, the particle size increased with annealing temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements showed that at the annealed temperature of 200°C, the shape of the TiO nanostructures began to change from a condensed cluster distribution to a conical shape. As the annealing temperature was increased to 400°C, all the conical shapes transformed into clear spherical shapes. The spherical shapes recorded 45 (nm) height and (20) (nm) base width. Optical measurements were performed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The transmittance is reduced from 79.63% for the TiO sample prepared at 80°C to 71.91% for the TiO sample annealed at 400°C. The optical energy gap values decrease from 3.279 eV for the prepared TiO sample at 80°C to 3.115 eV for the TiO sample annealed at 400°C.
