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Model of soil organic C dynamics and stabilization. In this model, soil is 20% clay, water pore volume >0.4, temperature is 12 @BULLET C, annual crops, and conventional tillage (adapted from Balesdent et al., 2000).
Source publication
Deforestation in the tropics, and fossil fuel burning in temperate regions contribute to the largest flux of CO2 to the atmosphere. Therefore, land-use systems that increase the soil organic matter (SOM) pool and stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) need to be implemented. Agroforestry systems have the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon (C) i...
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Citations
... According to the IPCC report [15], 30% of agricultural land converted to agroforestry and particularly those based on cocoa by 2040 would generate a net sequestration potential of 586 million tonnes of carbon per year. Oelbermann et al. [16] also indicated that the potential for carbon storage through the conversion of agricultural plots into agroforestry plots is very high on a global scale. Gockowski and Sonwa [17] and Temgoua et al. [8] found that cocoa-based agroforestry systems store more than 105 tC ha −1 in their aboveground biomass, among which that of Teobroma cacao is also important, thus contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. ...
Te accuracy of biomass estimates through mathematical expressions remains essential for the sustainability of the REDD + process. Te objective of this research was to develop allometric models by site species to evaluate the biomass of Teobroma cacao in agroforestry systems in the Central Region of Cameroon. Biomass data were obtained by the destructive method on a sample of 50 trees (5 cm ≤ D ≤ 27 cm). Allometric models were developed using aboveground (AGB), belowground (BGB), and total biomass (TB) as dependent variables and tree dendrometric parameters as independent variables. Nine linear models were adjusted based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual standard error (RSE), coefcient of determination (R 2), and various statistical tests including the normality test, heterogeneity, and autocorrelation for the analysis of residuals. Te diferent results show that only the diameter appears to be a good predictor of biomass with an R 2 greater than 0.94, 0.85, and 0.95, respectively, for aboveground biomass (M1: ln B = −1.613 + 1.83 × ln (D)), belowground biomass (M1: ln B = −2.611 + 1.65 × ln (D)), and total biomass (M1: ln B = −1.297 + 1.79 × ln (D)). Incorporating crown diameter and height into the models slightly improved the quality of adjusted. Comparison of the models in this study with pantropical equations previously used to estimate Teobroma cacao biomass shows that the models in this study provide a better estimate. Te allometric equations developed in this work to estimate the AGB, BGB, and TB of Teobroma cacao can be used under the same environmental conditions to accurately predict the biomass accumulated in agroforestry systems by this species and thus allow the implementation of activities aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD +) for the beneft of local communities through the carbon market.
... Systems combining trees and pastures or crops (agroforestry) store more C than systems that only have pastures or crops (Andrade and Ibrahim, 2003;Tsukamoto Filho, 2003). Agroforestry (AF) can increase C sequestration on agricultural land by strengthening and extending forest fallows and adding perennial woody crops and timber species to farms (Oelbermann et al., 2004;Jhariya et al., 2019a, b). In systems that incorporate tree elements, Sochacki et al. (2007) show that vegetation density and trees' position in the landscape influence biomass yield and thus C sequestration. ...
... The reason for this is most probably attributable to the inclusion of the soil carbon storage pool. Several studies emphasize that carbon sequestration in the soil gives the most significant part of the total carbon sequestration of agroforestry systems [46][47][48][49]. Furthermore, Dhillon and Van Rees [47] reported that the amount of soil organic carbon stored in shelterbelt forested areas was on average about 20% higher than carbon stored in the adjacent agricultural fields. ...
The land use sector is a crucial pillar in achieving the EU climate goals set for 2050. A significant part of the climate change mitigation potential of the land use sector is inherent to agroforestry. Windbreaks are important agroforestry elements of Hungarian agricultural landscapes. The new and improved agroforestry subsidy system may positively affect the extension of windbreaks in Hungary, making it relevant to assess their carbon sequestration potential. In our study, we examined the carbon sequestration of windbreaks at the country level and in two sample areas of 24,000 hectares based on National Forestry Database volume stock data, as well as information collected from the Hungarian Forest Cover Map using orthophoto interpretation. We estimated the total annual carbon sequestration realized in the aboveground biomass pool of Hungarian windbreaks to be −33.1 ktCO2/year, which is 0.67% of the total annual carbon sequestration of the aboveground biomass pool of all Hungarian forests, as reported by the Hungarian Greenhouse Gas Inventory. On the other hand, according to our estimate, the weighted mean annual carbon sequestration in the aboveground biomass of windbreaks was −2.4 tCO2/ha/year in the 2010–2020 period. This value is very close to the average mean annual carbon sequestration per hectare value of all forests, as reported by the Hungarian Greenhouse Gas Inventory. This means that planting a given area of windbreaks in between agricultural fields can have similar climate change mitigation effects as planting forests in the same given area.
... In sustainable agroforestry systems, agricultural waste and tree litter enrich the soil with signifi cant amounts of OC (Table 6). Research conducted by De Stefano and Jacobson (2018) and Oelbermann et al. (2004) suggests that the agroforestry approach may contribute to preserving SOM, delaying biomass degradation, and enhancing SOC stocks. ...
... Tropical agroforestry systems are also characterized by diverse combinations of trees, crops, and livestock. This diversification not only enhances soil fertility, overall system productivity and sustainable livelihoods, but also provides wildlife habitats and conserves biodiversity (Oelbermann et al. 2004;Partey et al. 2011), but may also lead to higher productivity compared to monoculture systems (Castle et al. 2021. ...
... In temperate environments, it is recommended to match tree species to their specific environmental conditions, as the success of temperate agroforestry systems heavily relies on the ability of trees to adapt and thrive in their surroundings (Pardon et al. 2017). In tropical environments, where the climate is typically warm and humid throughout the year, tree species that are adapted to high rainfall and heat are often prioritized (Montagnini and Nair 2004;Oelbermann et al. 2004). In Mediterranean environments, Temani et al. (2021) emphasized the necessity of planting tree species with higher drought tolerance and greater ability to withstand high temperatures. ...
Aims
Current comprehensive meta-analysis study aims to explore how agroforestry practices influence soil quality across different climate zones. Since numerous studies proposed agroforestry as the promising agroecological farming systems over conventional monoculture systems to maintain soil quality and to regenerate disturbed soil to counteract the negative consequences of global extensive agricultural approaches.
Methods
By employing the comprehensive meta-analysis technique on data from 125 studies conducted in tropical, temperate, and Mediterranean environments, we quantitatively assessed the effects of agroforestry on physical, chemical, and biological soil quality indicators.
Results
Rates of soil erosion, the most important indication of land degradation, were improved in agroforestry systems compared to monocultures, especially in temperate (-138%) and Mediterranean soils (-40%), due to agroforestry-induced improved soil texture, aggregate stability, and soil water regulation. Soil acidification was decreased in tropical (-128%) and Mediterranean soils (-96%), but increased in temperate soils (+ 104%) due to agroforestry practices. Low temperate soil pH suggests high Ca²⁺ leaching losses as evidenced by decreased Ca²⁺ (-68%) and increased Fe²⁺ (+ 129%) and Al³⁺ (+ 235%) contents. Agroforestry systems increased organic matter accumulation in temperate (+ 86%) and Mediterranean soils (+ 65%), carbon sequestration in all climatic zones (+ 48%: 33–73%), and respiration rates in temperate (+ 119%) and tropical soils (+ 105%). Soil microbial communities, enzyme activities as well as nutrient cycling and availability were generally enhanced in agroforestry systems compared to monocultures.
Conclusions
Our results provide compelling evidence that agroforestry practices can contribute substantially to sustainable improvement of global soil quality.
... CO mitigation potential by different 2 plantation systems The CO mitigation potential by different plant 2 components in the various plantations systems is presented in Table 6. The CO mitigation potential 2 Swami and Puri 2005; Oelbermann et al., 2004Keith et al., (1997 was the maximum in higher aged plantations (as 1 1 141.45 t ha-at site 1 and 126.12 t ha-at site 2). The CO mitigation potential can be supposed as the 2 indirect measure of carbon sequestration potential of the plantation system. ...
... long-term) storage (Nair et al., 2010). The role of silvipastoral systems, as a means of sequestering atmospheric carbon to mitigate the effects of the greenhouse gas has been increasing (Albrecht and Kandji, 2003;Montagnini and Nair, 2004;Oelbermann et al., 2004). Keeping these things in view silivipastoral system with different trees viz., Hardwickia binata, Ailanthus excelsa and Colophospermum mopane in association with Cenchrus ciliaris grass was established to evaluate the biomass and carbon sequestration production potential in arid region. ...
Silivipastoral systems having trees and grasses play an important role in providing fodder for sustainable livestock production in arid region, prevent soil erosion, conserve soil moisture and add organic matter to soil. A field experiment was initiated on the silvipastoral system having different trees species i.e., Hardwickia binata, Ailanthus excelsa and Colophospermum mopane in association with Cenchrus ciliaris grass at ICAR-CAZRI Jodhpur, India in the year 2003. Observations on growth, biomass production and organic soil carbon content were recorded during kharif season in the year 2015. Maximum plant height was recorded in case of H. binata whereas minimum was recorded for C. mopane. The highest canopy area was recorded in C. mopane, whereas least canopy area was recorded in case of H. binata. Highest DBH was recorded for C. mopane and least for H. binata. Specific gravity of wood of C. mopane was maximum whereas it was minimum in A. excelsa. The AGB of C. mopane (13.5 t ha-1) was maximum among the tree species whereas it was minimum in case of A. excelsa (2.6 t ha-1). Root biomass of C. mopane (3.51 t ha-1) was maximum whereas least was recorded for A. excelsa (0.67 t ha-1) which was at par with that of H. binata (0.74 t ha-1). The highest amount of carbon was sequestered by C. mopane tree (8.51 t ha-1) and least by A. excelsa (1.63 t ha-1) which was comparable with that of H. binata (1.80 t ha-1). Total Carbon sequestered by C. mopane based silvipature system. (10.19 t ha-1) was higher as compared to H. binata (3.69 t ha-1) and A. excelsa (4.45 t ha-1) based silvipasture systems. These results would help in selection of suitable silvipasture system for the arid regions of Rajasthan for sustainable land use management and increase carbon sequestration.
... In a few cases, the authors indicated that the agroforestry systems were being managed using organic practices (11 articles) or more conventional practices (i.e., usage of one or more agrochemical inputs) (10 articles) (Table S7). This lack of information is a limitation in this domain, since a key objective in agroforestry is to improve system sustainability through the reduction or elimination of chemical inputs (Oelbermann et al., 2004;Silva et al., 2015;Caron et al., 2019). For example, agroforestry management practices can improve soil dynamics via organic inputs, such as crop residues or tree litter (Oelbermann et al., 2004;Silva et al., 2015;Caron et al., 2019). ...
... This lack of information is a limitation in this domain, since a key objective in agroforestry is to improve system sustainability through the reduction or elimination of chemical inputs (Oelbermann et al., 2004;Silva et al., 2015;Caron et al., 2019). For example, agroforestry management practices can improve soil dynamics via organic inputs, such as crop residues or tree litter (Oelbermann et al., 2004;Silva et al., 2015;Caron et al., 2019). In addition, an equal proportion of study areas appears to be under organic versus conventional management, which puts into question the assumption that agroforestry systems help limit the use of agricultural inputs (Wilson and Lovell, 2016). ...
... Inputs of FOM typically decrease exponentially with distance from the tree row (Oelbermann et al., 2004). Consequently, uneven inputs of FOM to agroforestry soils result in ubiquitous horizontal heterogeneity of soil features (Bambrick et al., 2010;Cardinael, Chevallier, et al., 2015;Pardon et al., 2017). ...
Agricultural systems face several challenges that threaten their capacity to feed the world while maintaining a healthy and functional environment. Climate change, together with soil degradation, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity and invasive species, is a major threat to agricultural systems worldwide. In this context, new practices have been proposed to circumvent or minimize these threats. Yet, these mostly focus on the farm or plant level (e.g., breeding for stress‐tolerant species), while frequently overlooking belowground components (e.g., soil organic carbon accrual). By interlinking above‐ and below‐ground components, the likelihood of limiting the negative effects of current threats to agricultural systems can be maximized. This review explores current knowledge regarding agroforestry and its effects on belowground components as a key property in the reducing effects of climate change. We first review tree effects on key soil properties of agricultural systems. We synthesize evidence regarding agroforestry systems response to current environmental threats that are related to climate change. We continue by discussing how soil processes play a fundamental role in the capacity of agroforestry systems to cope with climate change. We conclude by proposing options on how resilience of agroforestry systems could be further enhanced.
... CO mitigation potential by different 2 plantation systems The CO mitigation potential by different plant 2 components in the various plantations systems is presented in Table 6. The CO mitigation potential 2 Swami and Puri 2005; Oelbermann et al., 2004Keith et al., (1997 was the maximum in higher aged plantations (as 1 1 141.45 t ha-at site 1 and 126.12 t ha-at site 2). The CO mitigation potential can be supposed as the 2 indirect measure of carbon sequestration potential of the plantation system. ...
The study was initiated with the desire to select the profitable business model under two agroforestry systems namely-Agri-Silvi agroforestry (Site 1-Populus deltoides + Triticum aestivum) and Silvi-Silvi mixed forestry (Site 2-Populus deltoides + Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The present investigation deals with the estimation of soil properties including soil carbon stock, above-ground biomass production and CO2 mitigation potential. Soil carbon stock was compared in Agri-Silvi and Silvi-Silvi agroforestry systems. Owing to favourable soil characteristics for the species in the Silvi-Silvi agroforestry system, the contribution of Agri-Silvi was more towards biomass production and CO2 mitigation potential as well. MAI indicated that the age of species have a direct impact on biomass production and thus have a positive effect on CO2 mitigation. The clear-cut conclusion derived about agroforestry as an opportunity to the landowner for the biggest directly net gain through biomass productivity and indirectly through carbon storage on per unit land area without compromising agricultural output.
