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3 Model 2 for a softwood cell wall has the interface between a cellulose microfibril and the adjacent matrix, with a layer of water molecules (v symbols) adhering to the microfibril.
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The mechanical properties of wood allow it to be used for numerous purposes. For most purposes, drying of the wood material from the green state, sawn from the log, is first required. This drying step significantly improves the strength properties of wood. It is therefore clear that moisture in wood plays an important role in determining the bulk m...
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Sugarcane straw (SCS), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and sugarcane bagasse pith (SBP) are three significant and widely produced by-products and wastes of sugarcane cultivation around the world. In this study, a comparative investigation on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugarcane residues for the thermal conversion processes was conducted with a particular emphasis on the thermal decomposition of sugarcane residues. In this regard, the physicochemical and thermogravimetric evaluation of SCS, SCB, and SBP for thermal conversion has been thoroughly examined using a comprehensive set of experiments. The suitability of the samples, particularly as feedstock for the pyrolysis process, was investigated in detail using proximate, ultimate, and compositional analyses. In addition, the molecular structure and main fragments of the three samples were compared and discussed. Accordingly, the effect of the structural unit of functional parts of the three main biopolymeric components of sugarcane residue, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and their interactions on the thermal stability of SCS, SCB, and SBP for the pyrolysis process has been determined. Also, a comprehensive review was carried out to compare the results of the study to the findings of the relevant literature. The outcome of the study could provide reliable information for the design and optimization of the thermal conversion processes using various sugarcane residues.
A knowledge of the mobilities of the polysaccharides or parts of polysaccharides in a cell-wall preparation provides information about possible molecular interactions among the polysaccharides in the cell wall and the relative locations of polysaccharides within the cell wall. A number of solid-state ¹³C NMR techniques have been developed that can be used to investigate different types of polysaccharide mobilities: rigid, semirigid, mobile, and highly mobile. In this chapter techniques are described for obtaining spectra from primary cell-wall preparations using CP/MAS, proton-rotating frame, proton spin–spin, spin–echo relaxation spectra and single-pulse excitation. We also describe how proton spin relaxation editing can be used to obtain subspectra for cell-wall polysaccharides of different mobilities, and how 2D and 3D solid-state NMR experiments have recently been applied to plant cell walls.
