Fig 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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Mirrored bar graph of positive and negative ES-NC linkages with the natural capital attribute of stem density. The amount of evidence for positive and negative ES-NC linkages is shown on the positive (right) and negative (left) part of the x-axis respectively.
Source publication
To prevent further loss of our vital ecosystem services we must understand the linkages to their supporting natural capital attributes. Systematic literature reviews synthesise evidence of natural capital attribute to ecosystem service (NC-ES) linkages. However, such reviews rarely account for the context dependency of evidence that is derived from...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Throughout this use case scenario, we use bar plots to visualise the NC-ES linkages as feedback on LiNCAGES from stakeholders and researchers was that bar plots were the easiest visualisation option to interpret and understand quickly. However, other visualisation options are available within LiNCAGES (network diagrams (Fig. S5) and radar plots (Fig. S6)) which may be more suitable to certain users or ...
Context 2
... in how they can better manage specific natural capital attributes to deliver multiple ecosystem services. They use the LiNCAGES platform to investigate the linkages between stem density and all the other ecosystem services available in the platform, to assess the potential implications of changing stem density on the provision of these services. Fig. 6 shows the amount of evidence for positive and negative linkages between stem density and all 13 of the ecosystem services in the LiNCAGES ...
Context 3
... density has the most evidence for positive linkages with timber production and mass flow regulation as shown by Fig. 6. Higher stem density increases the productivity of forests (e.g. Amoroso and Turnblom, 2006) and reduces soil erosion (e.g. Lin et al., 2014). Stem density also has many negative linkages with water supply and water flow regulation as higher stem density results in significantly less soil water content ( Kagawa et al., 2009;Zou et al., ...
Context 4
... can view the number of studies available under their current filtering and weighting choices. This means the LiNCAGES platform can also be used to investigate the reporting bias in the NC-ES linkage literature. For example, Fig. 2 showed that 12 of the natural capital attributes did not have evidence for NC-ES linkages with timber production and Fig. 6 showed no evidence for NC-ES linkages between stem density and three ecosystem services. Investigating whether these missing NC-ES linkages are legitimate or due to reporting bias can form important research questions to better direct research into NC-ES linkages. Furthermore, the LiNCAGES platform can identify the amount of studies in ...
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... In addition, information in some articles were ambiguous and required interpretation by the reviewers. Finally, the direction and magnitude of nexus interlinkages are often context-dependent and thus can vary depending on the ecosystem type, spatial and temporal scale, geographical location, and study method (Gasparatos et al., 2017;Linney et al., 2020). Therefore, caution is required when interpreting and applying findings in different contexts. ...
... Making scientific findings comprehensible to stakeholders and the lay public requires easily accessible tools to better communicate complex interactions between land use and ES (Rieb et al., 2017). Web-based platforms and interactive tools can provide direct access to information about ES maps, thus supporting informed decision-making, communication, and awareness raising (Grêt-Regamey et al., 2017;Linney et al., 2020). Such platforms are, however, often still in the test phase (Chennault et al., 2020;Holmberg et al., 2015). ...
... Several web-based platforms (e.g., EnviroAtlas, nature value explorer, PEWI) have been developed to access, visualize, and analyze ES in relation to land-use decisions Chennault et al., 2020;Cochran et al., 2019;Pickard et al., 2015), offering interactive functionality aid in exploring and communicating the impacts of environmental decisions on ES (Grêt-Regamey et al., 2017;Linney et al., 2020). The technical development of such platforms requires expertise in programming, GIS, environmental modeling, landscape planning and graphic or web design (Lacayo et al., 2021;Wissen Hayek et al., 2016), while their application requires experience in participatory methods and stakeholder engagement Venter et al., 2021). ...
... To date, applications have mostly focused at local or regional scales in urban as well as rural landscapes. Such studies aimed to visualize ES in quantitative terms (Holmberg et al., 2015;Pickard et al., 2015) or assess the impacts of socio-economic changes through the simulation of scenarios (Chennault et al., 2020;Linney et al., 2020). Most tools include a small set of ES and functionality for a specific objective, which limits their broader applicability, with many remaining single use or prototypes (Holmberg et al., 2015;Liekens et al., 2013;Pickard et al., 2015). ...
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... Mapping the historical change in wetlands has the value of indirectly quantifying the human impact on the natural environment, which can then be used for management and education toward sustainable development (Burkhard et al., 2012). At finer spatial scales, using data from inventories or databases, coupled with land cover data may provide better insights for ES level provision in environmentally sensitive areas (Schmidt and Seppelt, 2018;Linney et al., 2020). ...
Changes in land use/land cover (LULC) are the key factors driving biodiversity and ecosystem services decline globally. This study examines spatiotemporal LULC changes in a Ramsar coastal temporary wetland (Larnaca Salt Lake) on the island of Cyprus between 1963 and 2015. LULC changes in the area are related to variations in the provision of ecosystem services (ES) namely food provision, climate regulation, avifauna support and landscape aesthetics. LULC mapping was performed based on the interpretation of aerial photos taken in 1963, while 2015 mapping was based on CORINE classification validated by satellite image analysis and fieldwork. We used the following indicators for the ES examined: (1) crops’ yield for the estimation of food supply, (2) carbon storage potential for climate regulation, (3) land cover potential to support avifauna richness and (4) naturalness as a proxy for landscape aesthetics. Quantifications were based on a mixed-methods approach with the use of statistical data, expert opinion and bibliography. Estimates for every service were assigned to CORINE land use classes (CLC) present in the area. Landscape structure was measured using a suite of commonly employed landscape metrics. The results showed that between 1963 and 2015 there has been a significant reduction in food provisioning service by 75%, a 37% reduction in carbon storage capacity, an 11% reduction in the capacity to support avifauna, and a 13% reduction in landscape aesthetics. Increased soil surface sealing, mainly with the construction of the international airport, which resulted in the conversion of natural or semi-natural to artificial surfaces, has been the main reason for the decrease in ES supply over the last fifty years in the study area. The character of the area in terms of land use types richness and diversity remains fairly stable but the dominant land use types have experienced fragmentation. The study sets the basis for a monitoring scheme to evaluate the state of the temporary wetlands with emphasis placed on spatial processes as a link to ES provision.
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