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Wuhan is a rapidly developing large city in central China. To analyze the aerosol characteristics over Wuhan, the optical properties of the nocturnal aerosol layers in the lower troposphere were observed using a ground-based LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) located in the Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sens...
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Citations
... The light detection and ranging (lidar) atmospheric scanning system had been widely used to detect the aerosol burden due to its high temporal and spatial resolution (Kafle and Coulter, 2013;Gong et al., 2015aGong et al., , 2015bLiu et al., 2017;Mao et al., 2019;Fan et al., 2019). He et al. (2008) employed lidar system to investigate the seasonal variations of AOD and BL height in Hong Kong, finding that the aerosols within the BL accounted for 64% of monthly AOD. ...
... Aerosol loading in the SBL and RL is higher than that in the free atmosphere. Thus, the lidar system can capture the vertical structure of the atmosphere based on the vertical profile of aerosols (Gong et al., 2015a(Gong et al., , 2015bFan et al., 2019). Two methods were employed to determine the stable boundary layer height (SBLH) and residual layer height (RLH) from the lidar data. ...
... The distribution of RLH varied from 0.2 to 2.5 km, with 70% of the values in the range of 1-2 km. The annual average RLH was approximately 1.2 ± 0.46 km, which is similar to the daytime BLH measured by Gong et al. (2015a). Meanwhile, the SBLH varied from 0.2 to 1 km, with 84% of the SBLH values < 0.5 km. ...
The aerosols accumulating in the surface layer are an important factor in the study of urban environment pollution. In this study, the characteristics and sources of the aerosols within the nocturnal residual layer were investigated based on lidar measurements from May 2015 to July 2016. The results revealed that the annual average aerosol optical depths (AODs) in the residual layer (RL) and the stable boundary layer (SBL) were 0.2 ± 0.16 and 0.17 ± 0.11, respectively. The aerosol loading in the RL was higher than that in the SBL, accounting for 43% of the total surface aerosols. The AOD in the RL during the summer was the highest (0.32 ± 0.14), followed by autumn (0.24 ± 0.16) and spring (0.2 ± 0.16), and was the lowest in winter (0.11 ± 0.07). Moreover, the effects of different layer heights and meteorological parameters at different heights were investigated. The AOD in the RL was positively correlated with the residual layer height (RLH) and residual layer depth (RLD), with a correlation coefficient (R²) of approximately 0.58 and 0.58, respectively. The correlation coefficient between AOD in the RL and relative humidity at the heights of 0.4, 0.7, 1, and 1.3 km was 0.52, 0.52, 0.49, and 0.53, respectively. These results indicated that RLD and humidity would promote aerosol loading in the RL. The air mass potential source contribution function maps s revealed that the aerosols in the RL during spring and autumn originate from local and nearby areas, while the air masses during summer come from the local anthropogenic emission regions. In winter, the air masses that reach Wuhan often originate from the northwestern dust source region via long-distance advection. These findings are significant in the quest to improve our understanding of the effects of aerosols on environmental pollution.
... In this paper, the lidar ratio is set to 50Sr (Gong et al., 2015). ...
At present, the air environment in China is characterized by complex pollution. In this paper, the pollutant sources, transport paths and aerosol optical properties during the dust pollution was conducted to analyse based on ground-based lidar, space-borne sensor and atmospheric transmission model. Firstly, the NMMB/BSC-Dust model, the VIIRS-Suomi NPP date and HYSPLIT were carried out to analyse the dust transport paths and the dust particle size, and then the concentration of particles was analysed. Finally, the optical properties of aerosol particles in the dust weather were studied. During the formation of this weather, there is high dust in the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts. With the influence of wind direction, the dust moves from north to south, and the dust load significantly increased in southern China. Dust at the low altitude is generally transported from the Taklamakan Desert, while dust at the high altitude is generally transported from the Gobi Desert. The hourly average change of PM10 is from 36 μg/m3 to 818 μg/m3, while the hourly average change of PM2.5 is from 15 μg/m3 to 197 μg/m3. The dust was the main cause of the pollution weather. In this study, the formation process of the dust pollution revealed which can be used to provide guidance for government for the prevention work of dust pollution.
... The pulse rate of the laser is 20 Hz, and the vertical resolution of the Lidar system is 7.5 m. Moreover, the Lidar signal was corrected every day by measuring the channel gain constant, and the observation data have been verified by comparing with a Mie-Lidar system [25] . In addition, the height of the Lidar overlap function was 150 m. ...
The atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) is a critical parameter for the spread and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants. We propose an improved two-wavelength Lidar algorithm for retrieving the BLH based on particle clustering. The algorithm was improved from two aspects: sample sequence selection and classifier optimisation. The backscatter coefficient and color ratio were chosen for the sample sequence construction, and Gaussian mixture models were used for the sample sequence classification. The improved method was tested on different real cases and compared with radiosonde measurements. The experimental results demonstrated the viability of the algorithm under weak mixing conditions, which can be problematic for prior methods. In addition, Lidar data from June 2015 to June 2016 were collected to investigate the stability of the improved method. The correlation between the BLH retrieved using the improved algorithm and that from the radiosonde measurements was R² = 0.92, with an RMSE of 170 m. The correlation between the two-wavelength Lidar algorithm and radiosonde measurements was R² = 0.82, with an RMSE of 180 m. The results show that the improved algorithm can obtain the BLH effectively and stability.
... A ground-based lidar system was used for the detection of the atmospheric vertical profiles in Wuhan ( Wei et al., 2015). The lidar system uses a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with 532 nm wavelength. ...
The atmospheric boundary layer is an important atmospheric feature that
affects environmental health and weather forecasting. In this study, we
proposed a graphics algorithm for the derivation of atmospheric boundary
layer height (BLH) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder
Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data. Owing to the differences in scattering
intensity between molecular and aerosol particles, the total attenuated
backscatter coefficient 532 and attenuated backscatter coefficient 1064 were
used simultaneously for BLH detection. The proposed algorithm transformed the
gradient solution into graphics distribution solution to overcome the effects
of large noise and improve the horizontal resolution. This method was then
tested with real signals under different horizontal smoothing numbers (1, 3,
15 and 30). Finally, the results of BLH obtained by CALIPSO data were
compared with the results retrieved by the ground-based lidar measurements.
Under the horizontal smoothing number of 15, 12 and 9, the correlation
coefficients between the BLH derived by the proposed algorithm and
ground-based lidar were both 0.72. Under the horizontal smoothing number of
6, 3 and 1, the correlation coefficients between the BLH derived by graphics
distribution method (GDM) algorithm and ground-based lidar were 0.47, 0.14
and 0.12, respectively. When the horizontal smoothing number was large (15,
12 and 9), the CALIPSO BLH derived by the proposed method demonstrated a good
correlation with ground-based lidar. The algorithm provided a reliable result
when the horizontal smoothing number was greater than 9. This finding
indicated that the proposed algorithm can be applied to the CALIPSO satellite
data with 3 and 5 km horizontal resolution.
... Zhang, Zhang, Lv, T (2013) detected the ABLH during a severe haze event in Beijing in January 2013 using a micro-pulse lidar and found that it was < 500 m, with a daily average height of approximately 424 m, which was consistent with the results obtained by radiosonde detection. Gong, Liu, Ma, and Zhang (2015) used Mie lidar to detect the ABLH in Wuhan from January 2013 to January 2015 and found that the ABLH was mainly at an altitude of 1.5 km to 2 km with an annual average of 1.66 km. ...
... A ground-based Lidar system was used for the detection of the atmospheric vertical profiles in Wuhan (Wei et al. 2015). The Lidar system uses a pulsed Nd: YAG laser with 532 nm wavelength. ...
The atmospheric boundary layer is an important atmospheric feature that affects environmental health and weather forecasting. In this study, we proposed a graphics algorithm for the derivation of atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data. Owing to the differences in scattering intensity between molecular and aerosol particles, the total attenuated backscatter coefficient 532 and attenuated backscatter coefficient 1064 were used simultaneously for BLH detection. The proposed algorithm transformed the gradient solution into graphics distribution solution to overcome the effects of large noise and improve the horizontal resolution. This method was then tested with real signals under different horizontal smoothing numbers (1, 3, 15 and 30). The algorithm provided a reliable result when the horizontal smoothing number was greater than 5. Finally, the results of BLH obtained by CALIPSO data were compared with the results retrieved by the ground-based Lidar and radiosonde (RS) measurements. Under the horizontal smoothing number of 15, 9 and 3, the correlation coefficients between the BLH derived by the proposed algorithm and ground-based Lidar were 0.72, 0.72 and 0.14, respectively, and those between the BLH derived by the proposed algorithm and radiosonde measurements were 0.59, 0.59 and 0.07. When the horizontal smoothing number was 15 and 9, the CALIPSO BLH derived by the proposed method demonstrated a good correlation with ground-based Lidar and RS. This finding indicated that the proposed algorithm can be applied to the CALIPSO satellite data with 3 and 5 km horizontal resolution.
... Then, the acquired signal subtracts the gain constant to calibrate the acquired signal. More details on this Lidar system can be found in previous research (Wei et al., 2015). ...
Black carbon (BC) has a significant influence on regional climate and human health. Variations of BC aerosol and atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) were investigated in an urban site over Wuhan from November 2014 to November 2016. The annual average BC concentration and BLH were approximately 3.01 ± 1.97 μg/m³ and 892 ± 389 m, respectively. The variation of BC is opposite to that of BLH. The maximum monthly mean BC was 4.32 ± 2.3 μg/m³ in December, and the minimum monthly mean BC was 1.94 ± 1.9 μg/m³ in July. The maximum monthly mean BLH was approximately 1211 ± 308 m in July, and the minimum monthly mean BLH was approximately 668 ± 342 m in January. Moreover, the high BC mass concentration days have relatively higher relative humidity (RH) values than the clean days, and the high RH values were usually accompanied by low BLH. The relationship between the BC concentrations and BLH exhibits a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient was R² = 0.424 on the polluted days, whereas the R² coefficient was approximately 0.0037 during the clean periods. The PM2.5 and BLH have no evident relationship in low (R² = 0.0097) or high (R² = 0.058) BC concentrations. Results indicate that the BC mass concentration would suppress the BLH on the polluted days. The increased BC aerosol concentration resulted in lower BLH and led to poor air quality.
... The ground-based Lidar system used in this study is located at Wuhan University (114°21′E, 30°32′N), Guangbutun, China at the Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing. The instrument is positioned at 39 m above sea level and surrounded with buildings (Wei et al., 2015). This two-wavelength polarisation Lidar system consists of a laser transmitter system, receiving telescope and data acquisition and processing subsystems. ...
... A Mie-lidar system was used to obtain the aerosol vertical extinction coefficient profile. The Mie-lidar system was locked at the roof of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS) (114 21 0 E, 30 32 0 N), as shown in Fig. 1 (Wei et al., 2015). The laser emits a beam of 532 nm wavelengths, with 150 mJ pulse energy and 20 Hz repetition rate. ...
... The vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficient were calculated by using the KletteFernald method (Fernald, 1984;Klett, 1981). The lidar ratio was 50sr based on the previous study (Wei et al., 2015). ...
This study proposes a two-wavelength Lidar inversion algorithm to determine the boundary layer height (BLH) based on the particles clustering. Color ratio and depolarization ratio are used to analyze the particle distribution, based on which the proposed algorithm can overcome the effects of complex aerosol layers to calculate the BLH. The algorithm is used to determine the top of the boundary layer under different mixing state. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can determine the top of the boundary layer even in a complex case. Moreover, it can better deal with the weak convection conditions. Finally, experimental data from June 2015 to December 2015 were used to verify the reliability of the proposed algorithm. The correlation between the results of the proposed algorithm and the manual method is R² = 0.89 with a RMSE of 131 m and mean bias of 49 m; the correlation between the results of the ideal profile fitting method and the manual method is R² = 0.64 with a RMSE of 270 m and a mean bias of 165 m; and the correlation between the results of the wavelet covariance transform method and manual method is R² = 0.76, with a RMSE of 196 m and mean bias of 23 m. These findings indicate that the proposed algorithm has better reliability and stability than traditional algorithms.
... A Mie-lidar system was used to obtain the aerosol vertical extinction coefficient profile. The Mie-lidar system was locked at the roof of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS) (114 21 0 E, 30 32 0 N), as shown in Fig. 1 (Wei et al., 2015). The laser emits a beam of 532 nm wavelengths, with 150 mJ pulse energy and 20 Hz repetition rate. ...
... The vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficient were calculated by using the KletteFernald method (Fernald, 1984;Klett, 1981). The lidar ratio was 50sr based on the previous study (Wei et al., 2015). ...
A comprehensive research was conducted to analyze the formation and characteristics of continuous air pollution during winter in Wuhan, China, based on ground and satellite joint observation. The effect of meteorological conditions, the source of pollutants and the optical properties of aerosols were investigated. The pressure and the accumulation of pollutants were the two main causes of continuous haze formation. The continuous cold high-pressure system, accompanied by a stable inversion layer, limited the contaminants below the height of 700 m on 15-23 January. The height of the boundary layer was below 1 000 m, based on the lidar observation. Meteorological condition contributes to the accumulation of pollutants. Then, dust transport and local anthropogenic pollutant emissions promoted the accumulation of pollutants, resulting in continuous haze pollution. Different from the heavy pollution (the 24 h-average PM2.5 is more than 200.0 μgm⁻³) over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the contaminants in the Wuhan area were mainly primary pollutants, including airborne dust and anthropogenic pollutants. Moreover, a photochemical reaction was observed. However, the extent of secondary pollution formation was not high during haze pollution. Result in the particle size distribution confirmed the process of dust transport. Fine-mode and coarse-mode particles sometimes appear in the haze pollution in winter. According to the satellite data, the AOD maintained a large level of approximately 0.8 during the pollution. The aerosol extinction ability was relatively strong during the pollution period, whether aerosol is absorbed or a scattering effect dominated. In this study, the formation process of haze pollution revealed which can be used to validate air-quality models over the Wuhan region and can also provide guidance for government for the prevention work of haze pollution over Central China. © 2017 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control.
