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Microstrip antenna part schematic. (a) Antenna part perspective, (b) Chip pin connection diagram. (c) Feed network, (d) Schematic of −1,0,1 mode feed network reconstruction.
Source publication
This paper proposes an electronically reconfigurable multimode orbital angular momentum (OAM) patch array antenna using single pole double throw radio frequency switch that can complete dynamic switching of three modes (−1,0,1) at 2.4 GHz. As a new type of multiplexing technology, the application value of OAM technology in radar imaging and wireles...
Citations
... An array with the capability of CP and OAM mode reconfigurability is introduced in [7], [8], [9]. In case, polarization of the OAM antenna is not important, contributions in [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17] should be considered, which has only control on mode number. Very recently, authors in [18] have introduced a low-profile reconfigurable antenna system for OAM generation with 1-bit phase shifters, solving the problems associated with PIN diodes in existing structures. ...
As existing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) antennas have no control on the operating frequency after fabrication and cannot simultaneously manipulate the polarization and mode number, designing smart OAM wireless communication systems are out of reach. However, in this paper, a new OAM antenna system is proposed that can efficiently overcome the aforementioned limitations. The suggested antenna utilizes a 2×2 Uniform Circular Array (UCA) composed of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas to introduce the MIMO-UCA technique for simultaneous generation of OAM mode numbers +1 and -1. The flexibility on polarization of each mode stems from the fact that each MIMO antenna consists
$\pm 45^{\circ }$
polarized elements, thus utilization of tunable feeds assigns the modes to the desired polarization simultaneously. The flexibility on the operating frequency is due to the frequency-reconfigurability of MIMO antennas as well. The fabricated prototype of the proposed structure verifies the simulated results. The operating frequency can be tuned from 3.8 GHz to 4.4 GHz. Over this band, the maximum gain is preserved above 6 dBi. The mutual coupling between the ports is below -20 dB.
... A reconfigurable UCA-based dual circular polarization and dual-mode antenna [111] contains a power divider and four multi-functional antenna elements to perform a switching mechanism between right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization. Additionally, a varactor diode-based reflective metasurface [112], a three-dimensional printed discrete dielectric lens (DDL) antenna design at 300 GHz [113], a multi-mode OAM patch antenna with a programmable microcontroller [114], a chip-based UCA [115] and a four-element UCA with phase-shifting reconfigurable feeding network [116] are recently proposed for OAM mode reconfigurability in RF domain to perform mode switching mechanism. ...
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) technology, refers to Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, twisted beams, vector/vortex beams, acoustic vortex beams and fractional vortex beams. It is an emerging and promising technology to improve the communication capacity, spectral efficiency, and anti-jamming capability due to its helical phase fronts and infinite orthogonal states. Although the OAM research began in the 1990s, the developing trends, current status, issues and characteristics through a systematic observation have not yet been performed. This paper presents a knowledge-based evolution of OAM research published in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2011 to 2021 using bibliometric analysis in Citepspace. The results demonstrate that the bandwidth, efficiency, gain, divergence, phase quantization, bulky and complex feeding structures, misalignment, distortion, interferences atmospheric turbulence and diffraction were the key issues found in the OAM technology. The main research hotspots and categories, influential authors, leading journals, best institutions of OAM show a strong bias in favor of their functions and technology developments. The research on OAM was mainly performed by the counties that have developed the 5G and now moving towards 6G communications like China, USA and South Korea. This study would serve as an inclusive guide on the future research trends and status especially for the OAM researchers.
... Narrow bandwidth, bulky structure and complicated beam forming networks are disadvantages of these methods at microwave frequencies. Another method to satisfy the beam switching configuration is by using PIN diodes which operated by DC controlled circuit [23][24][25][26]. In [23], RF switch controlled by a microcontroller to feed a 22 array antenna is introduced. ...
... Another method to satisfy the beam switching configuration is by using PIN diodes which operated by DC controlled circuit [23][24][25][26]. In [23], RF switch controlled by a microcontroller to feed a 22 array antenna is introduced. ...
A 28 GHz switched beam Vivaldi antenna system consisting of 4 Vivaldi antennas for V2V communication is presented. The proposed design is realized on a substrate material of “Rogers 5880” with εr = 2.2, tanδ = 0.002 and 0.508 mm substrate thickness. The antenna is designed to operate at a center frequency of 28 GHz with operating bandwidth of 1.463 GHz (5.23%). An overall realized gain of 9.78 dBi is achieved at the intended center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated. It is also fabricated using photolithography techniques and measured using R&S vector network analyzer. Good agreement is obtained between both simulated and measured results.
... As shown in Figure 10 (b), an overall four states where state 1 and 3 are mode +1 and state 2 and 4 are mode −1 were achieved at 2.5 GHz, and these states can be changed by switching the bias voltage of the p-i-n diodes. The work in [50]designed a reconfigurable 2 × 2 rectangular array antenna to generate three OAM-modes −1, 0, and +1 at 2.4 GHz, as shown in Figure 10 A uniform circular array antenna is a convenient and mature method of generating OAM waves since multiple modes of OAM waves can be generated with the flexibility to re-design and modify the design. In addition, this method provides the researchers with the flexibility to operate at lower bands, mid-bands, and higher bands. ...
The next-generation wireless technology that can fulfill such a demand, namely the fifth-generation (5G) technology, should provide 1000 times larger capacity. Moreover, sixth-generation (6G) communication, which represents a significant upgrade from the fifth-generation (5G) network and is anticipated to operate from 100 GHz to 3 THz band, will be required in the years after 2030 due to newly developed data-hungry applications and the greatly expanded wireless network. To meet the ever-growing demands of wireless carriers, an efficient wireless access method that can improve wireless area throughput without expanding bandwidth or cell size is required. Radio Frequency (RF) Orbital Angular Momentum vortex waves (which is now on referred to as OAM waves) to address the concerns mentioned above have attracted much attention in recent years. Due to their orthogonality, different OAM waves of different modes can be multiplexed in the same frequency channel, which can greatly increase the channel capacity. Using the orthogonal modes, a new type of multiple access scheme known as Mode Domain Multiple Access (MDMA) can be used by multiple users using the same frequency channel without additional resources such as frequency and time. As a result, the channel capacity for the next generation wireless communication systems can be enhanced as well as the overall spectrum efficiency can be improved. This review paper begins with an overview of the next generation communication such as 5G communication technology and beyond. This paper first briefly discusses the theory of OAM waves and several methods to generate OAM waves. Various different designs have also been analyzed for their ability to generate OAM waves and discussion on several restrictions and solutions to resolve. Open concerns and development trends are discussed for possible future RF OAM antenna upgrades. This study also proposes that for next generation wireless communication employing OAM, the typically used Uniform Circular Array (UCA) could be paired with the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system to improve performance in dense or urban areas for multiusers. In addition, the purity of OAM-modes needs to be considered for efficient utilization of the OAM system for future communications at the radio domain.
... Narrow bandwidth, bulky structure, and complicated beamforming networks are disadvantages of these methods at microwave frequencies. Another method to satisfy the beam switching configuration is by using PIN diodes which are operated by DC controlled circuit [25][26][27][28]. In [25], RF switch controlled by a microcontroller to feed a 2 × 2 array antenna is introduced. ...
... Another method to satisfy the beam switching configuration is by using PIN diodes which are operated by DC controlled circuit [25][26][27][28]. In [25], RF switch controlled by a microcontroller to feed a 2 × 2 array antenna is introduced. ...
In this paper, a switched beam antenna system consists of four Vivaldi antennas for vehicle-to-vehicle communication is presented. The proposed design is realized on a substrate material of "Rogers 5880" with ε r = 2.2, tanδ = 0.002, and 0.508-mm substrate thickness. The antenna is designed to operate at a center frequency of 28 GHz with operating bandwidth of 1.463 GHz. An overall realized gain of 9.78 dBi is achieved at the intended center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using CSTMWS. It is also fabricated using photolithography techniques and measured using R&S vector network analyzer. Good agreement is obtained between both CSTMWS and measured results.
