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Microstrip Transmission Line 2. Coaxial Feed-The Figure 10 below shows the coaxial feeding method in which the central conductor directly touches the patch and thus provides the excitation to the patch. The outer part of the probe is connected to the ground plane in order to complete the circuit. The input signal is provided using the coaxial coupler.
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This article presents an overview of the microstrip patch antenna and its design techniques. Basically a microstrip patch antenna comprises of a trace of copper or any other metal of any geometry on one side of a standard printed circuit board substrate with other side grounded. The antenna is fed using various feeding techniques like coaxial, stri...
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Citations
... Microstrip Antenna was initially proposed by G. A Deschamps in the year 1953 but came into existence in the 1970s when Robert E. Munson developed it using a low substrate [1]. They are becoming increasingly useful because they can be printed on circuit boards and have become widespread within the mobile phone market [2],and [3] . ...
... Primarily the design of the MPA consists of the radiating elements, substrates, feeder, and ground plane [1]. Antenna substrate materials are supporting materials that needs to give mechanical support to the antenna and have an influence on the performance. ...
... Antenna substrate materials are supporting materials that needs to give mechanical support to the antenna and have an influence on the performance. Substrates used in MPA varies from 2.2 ≤ ߝ ≤ 12 [1], examples are Ceramic (Al2O3), RT Duroid 5880, and FR-4. The surface and interface characteristics of the substrate drastically influence the performance of the antenna [6]. ...
... The fringing field in the boundary of patch and ground plane of the microstrip antenna can emit radiation. The coaxial probe feeding method involves a central conductor that connects directly to the patch for providing radiating power [10]. ...
Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are comfortable and have better anticipation compared to traditional antennas. Not only the weight of this type of antennas is lighter but also, they have little capacity, minimum price, reduced in measurement as well as affluence of fiction then observance. Recently, it has been many times reevaluated for the improvement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA). The performance of an antenna relies on dimensions of antenna, operating frequency, substrate material and height of substrate, the thickness of patch as well as different feeding techniques of the antenna. The main concept that highlights this work is to determine the finest location of the feed point that plays a vital role in the performance measurement of the designed antenna and investigate the performance by studying distinct feed point location. Here we used Rogers R03006 (lossy) as substrate material whose dielectric constant is 6.15 and the operating frequency of our designed RMPA is 1.22 GHz. The RMPA is analyzed based on the different constraints factors of antenna like loss of return, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and the improvement factors that mean the directivity, gain, overall efficiency, the pattern of radiation, etc. It is revealed that the best feeding point (9.07, 15.75) of our designed RMPA is unique concerning the substrate materials and antenna height, as well as width, at a specific operating frequency.
... This antenna is simple to design, easy to modify according to needs, inexpensive and light-weight. However, it suits low bandwidth and low power application [21]. Another type of antenna is dipole antenna, which usually comprises two straight lines of the same length, lying on the same axis and separated by a small gap [22]. ...
This paper presents study on optimizing RF signal detection and alert system for restricted area. Nowadays, mobile phone utilization is very common among youngsters. Despite of being very useful for educational purpose, it turns into a noteworthy issue while being smuggled into restricted area, such as examination hall and used as a cheating tool. To overcome this problem, an advancement on the detection and alert system of active mobile phone was proposed by implementing RF signal detection system optimization using multi-band dipole antenna and alert system utilizing LED and camera. The system demonstrated higher sensitivity to 3G signal followed by GSM and Wi-Fi with the decrease in voltage value across the LED when distinguishing 3G, GSM and Wi-Fi signal with the estimation of 0.037 V, 0.019 V and 0.017 V, respectively. The alert system was improved by activating LED and camera instead of buzzer in displaying the region of the active mobile phone. The camera was able to effectively capture the conceivable cheating area when active mobile phone is present. The images of the potential cheating region can be recovered from the computer. This framework can assist the invigilators with being cautioned to the potential regions of cheating using mobile phone.
... Microstrip antenna is embodiment of a conducting patch normally copper on a dielectric material having a ground plane on the other side. The microstrip antenna has the luxury of being low profile, lowpriced, easy to fabricate and modify, flexible in shape with rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or any shape needed, and can support dual or multiband frequency operation providing linear or circular polarization [1]. ...
Abstract: Long Term Evolution (LTE) is currently being used in many developed countries and hopefully will be implemented in more countries. An antenna operating in LTE-3 band can support global roaming in ITU Regions 1 and 3, Costa Rica, Brazil and partially in some Caribbean countries and antenna operating in LTE-7 band are appropriate for global roaming in ITU regions 1, 2 and 3. An antenna operating at both the bands will make the place taken by the antenna in a device into half and allow roaming in all the regions mentioned above. The geometry of the current available antenna operating in LTE-3 and LTE-7 bands has a considerably large size. A dual band microstrip antenna operating in LTE-3 and LTE-7 bands is proposed in this work with notable size reduction. The proposed antenna simulation shows resonant frequencies at 1.88GHz and 2.55GHz with return loss below -10dB that covers both LTE-3 and LTE-7 bands. Design and simulation of the proposed antenna is done by IE3D Zeland software. This proposed antenna is suitable for global roaming in ITU regions 1, 2 and 3, which cover most of the world telecom network.
Millimeter-wave antennas are the trend nowadays because of the necessity of higher data rates. Designing a supplementary efficient antenna capable of dealing with dual bands has several challenges. This chapter reports the problematic approaches introduced in the field of a millimeter wave design. Prevailing investigations in millimeter-waves and MIMO antennas have a tendency to emphasize discovering how to increase the data rate without the need of increasing the bandwidth and what type of antenna preferred in the 5G band. However, there is a little indication that researchers have come close to the issue of antenna integration in the mobile handset with the intent of adding multiple antennas with multi-band capability in a small space. Accordingly, the target of this chapter is to offer a summary of how the small-dimensional MIMO antennas with band duality for 5G mobile communications can be intended, designed, sustained and fabricated.
When microstrip antennas (MSAs) are optimised, the full-wave electromagnetic simulation takes long time to get the result which is very time consuming. Hence, the knowledge-based neural network (KBNN) is used here to replace the electromagnetic simulation to shorten the calculating time and raise efficiency. However, prior knowledge of KBNN is always obtained by empirical formulas and neural networks, both of them are heavy and complicated. In this study, Gaussian process regression (GPR) is proposed to get the prior knowledge. The modelling of MSA is realised by the prior knowledge input method. The short optimal time and excellent optimal results prove that the proposed KBNN is a fast and effective method for the optimisation of MSAs.
In this study a multiband microstip patch antenna has been discussed. The design consists of a semicircular ring with a slot and attached monopole for multi frequency resonance. The substrate used is FR4 with Er=4.1 . The various frequencies of resonance have been observed and return loss on these frequencies has been calculated. Various radiation patterns have been observed and commercial applications have been discussed.
