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Microscopical picture of the gingiva with moderate chronic periodontitis in non smoker patient, showing an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels in the connective tissue compared with that of mild chronic periodontitis (H&E, X10)

Microscopical picture of the gingiva with moderate chronic periodontitis in non smoker patient, showing an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels in the connective tissue compared with that of mild chronic periodontitis (H&E, X10)

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Background and objectives Smoking is one of the main and important risk factors that increase risk of oral health problems. There is a dose-response relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and the development of periodontal diseases, in addition, to an elevation of p53 in oral mucosa of smokers. The aim of the study was to examine p53 immu...

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