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Microscopic structures of Entoloma caeruleomarginatum (KaiR535, holotype): a pileipellis, bar = 20 µm; b basidiospores, bar = 10 µm; c stipitipellis, bar = 20 µm; d cheilocystidia, bar = 20 µm
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Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a species-rich genus with approximately 2000 species known worldwide. In Cen-
tral America, however, information about the species of this genus is sparse, despite the generally high biodiversity in this
region. Recently, 124 specimens of Entoloma were collected in Panama, Chiriquí Province. In the present pu...
Citations
... To date, about 2500 species in Entoloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871: 23) have been reported globally (Reschke et al. 2022). From Pakistan, only 13 species have been described previously (Ahmad 1962;Ahmad et al. 1997;Sultana et al. 2011;Haelewaters et al. 2020;Aman et al. 2022;Izhar et al. 2022;Khalid 2022;Fatima et al. 2023;Izhar et al. 2023). ...
... E. griseocaeruleum Reschke, Manz & Noordel. (2022: 131) differs by its greyish blue or bluish grey pileus with dark blue to blackish blue squamules, greyish blue to bluish grey stipe, whitish lamella, and presence of oleiferous hyphae in the trama (Reschke et al. 2022). ...
A new species, Entoloma khushabense, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular evidence from Pakistan. The key features of the new species that make it distinct from closely related taxa include the presence of conspicuous cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, and hyphae having constrictions in the walls. Morphological data and phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large sub-unit (LSU) regions of nuclear rDNA support that the present species differs from previously known members of Entoloma.
... The studies regarding other subgenera are still continuing. Some clades are currently not ascribed to a certain subgenus, such as the /Rhombisporum clade (Noordeloos et al. 2022b) and the clades containing E. undulatosporum Arnolds & Noordel. and E. indutoides (P.D. Orton) Noordel. ...
... The genomic DNA of Entoloma specimens was isolated using the innuPREP Plant DNA Kit (Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) and the Fungi/Yeast Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek Corp, Ontario, Canada). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were done following and Reschke et al. (2022b). The nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ...
... Basidiospores ( Discussion: Entoloma humidiphilum belongs to the subg. Alboleptonia in the strict sense as treated by Reschke et al. (2022b). Phylogenetically, the species with available ITS closest to E. humidiphilum is E. niveum, described from New Zealand, from which it differs by 23 nucleotide positions, i.e. a similarity of 95%. ...
Entoloma is one of the largest genera of Agaricales in terms of species diversity and is widespread throughout the world. In the present study, four new species, namely Entoloma brunneofibrillosum, E. humidiphilum, E. ochraceodiscum, and E. colchicum, are introduced as new to science. These species are described based on specimens collected in Cyprus, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Spain, and Türkiye, including morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Entoloma brunneofibrillosum is recognized by its brown to dark brown pileus with conspicuous dark, radial fibrils, a pale brown stipe with glistening fibrils, and usually fusiform to broadly clavate cheilocystidia. It belongs to the /Undulatosporum clade. Entoloma humidiphilum (subg. Alboleptonia) is close to E. niveum from New Zealand but differs by a completely pruinose or minutely squamulose pileus surface, narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical pileipellis elements with a deep median constriction, and by occurring in riparian habitats. Entoloma ochraceodiscum is characterized by funnel-shaped basidiomata with a deeply depressed yellowish-brown pileus and belongs to the section Griseorubida. Entoloma colchicum (subg. Nolanea) is similar to E. ortonii but differs by its distinctive radially fibrillose or velutinous pileus and the absence of odour. The new species are presented with photographs, line drawings, and comparisons with similar taxa.
... Entoloma containing E. nitriolens and E. politum was prepared. In addition to new sequences, some sequences were taken from GenBank (Bjorbaekmo et al. 2010;Kokkonen 2015Kokkonen , 2021Reschke et al. 2022a). The sequences were aligned by MAFFT 7.0 (Katoh 2013) and the alignment was adjusted manually in AliView (Larsson 2014). ...
... Entoloma lactarioides Noordel. & Liiv is likely conspecific on the basis of the short type sequence and the morphology (Noordeloos 1992;Reschke et al. 2022a). Entoloma politum sensu Gulden (Brandrud et al. 2018) is close to or conspecific with E. pusillulum Noordel. ...
... Entoloma politum sensu Gulden (Brandrud et al. 2018) is close to or conspecific with E. pusillulum Noordel. according to the published sequences (Reschke et al. 2022a). They are probably restricted to arctic and alpine habitats. ...
Entoloma politum is a common lowland species in northern Europe. It has been described to have two close species with a more intense smell, E. nitriolens and E. pernitrosum. To clarify the taxonomy of these three species, the types of E. nitriolens and E. pernitrosum, as well as many recent collections were examined by ITS sequences and morphologically. Entoloma nitriolens was found to be a sibling species of E. politum, whereas E. pernitrosum was confirmed as a synonym of E. politum. Entoloma nitriolens and E. politum are described based on own material. They grow in similar habitats, but E. nitriolens prefers colder climates and calcareous ground.
... & Co-David (Romagnesi, 1941) A.Koch has large, off-white basidiomata but differs from E. dicymbophilum in its naucorioid stature with adnate lamella attachment and strongly heterodiametric, 5-to 7-angled basidiospores (Largent et al., 2020). Among white Neotropical Alboleptonia species described from Guyana or Panama, all differ from Entoloma dicymbophilum in their slender, collybioid or clitocyboid statures and heterodiametric basidiospores (Henkel et al., 2010b;Reschke et al., 2022). Brazilian Entoloma species with isodiametric basidiospores similar to those of E. dicymbophilum differ in numerous other macro-and micromorphological features (Coimbra et al., 2013). ...
Entoloma dicymbophilum sp. nov. is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The species is unique within the genus in its combination of large, white, tricholomatoid basidiomata with isodiametric, angled basidiospores. A key to species of Entoloma s. str. from Guyana is provided.
... All the sequences of Rusticoides group were also included in the phylogenetic tree (Noordeloos et al. 2022b& Izhar et al. 2023) along with recently submitted sequences to GenBank based on similarity up to 90 % and greater for both ITS and 28S LSU regions. Sequences of Alboleptonia, Claudopus, and Cyanula groups of Entoloma were also used in both phylogenetic trees to obtain more accurate analyses (Villa et al. 2014;He et al. 2019;Morozova et al. 2022;Noordeloos et al. 2022b& Reschke et al. 2022. Clitopilus hirneolus (Fr.) ...
A new species of Entoloma is described from Punjab, Pakistan. Species description is based on morpho-anatomical characterization of basidiomata and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S LSU region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Entoloma punjabensis sp. nov. is distinguished by light gray to dark brown smooth pileus with crenate margins, reddish to brown central depression, larger globose to subglobose basidiospores 8.5-13.4 × 7.2-11.5 µm and hyaline hyphae of pileipellis.
... × 6.5-7.5 µm) and pileipellis a trichoderm but E. arcanum differs by its nontranslucently striate and nonhygrophanous, large pileus (3.0-4.5 cm), adnate to slightly decurrent lamellae, fusiform cheilocystidia and larger end cells in its pileipellis (40-140 × 10.5-19.0 µm) and habitat in Alnus-and Quercus-dominated forests (Reschke et al. 2022). ...
... Entoloma kumraticus is related to E. melleosquamulosum Reschke, Manz & Noordel. (2022: 133) molecularly (Fig.1), but E. melleosquamulosum differs morphologically by its honey-colored pileus with scaly surface with distinct scales at disc, sinuate, segmentiform, and ventricose lamellae, pale yellow to white stipe, larger lageniform cheilocystidia (23-64 µm), cutis type stipitipellis (Reschke et al. 2022) and habitat in tropical submontane forest dominated by oreomunnea mexicana (Standl.) J.-F.Leroy and Quercus species. ...
Cedar towering forests of Kumrat Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were visited on several occasions to collect mushrooms and this resulted in the discovery of two novel species of Entoloma. Entoloma kumraticus is characterized by bluish-brown, centrally depressed pileus, serrulate lamellar edge, bluish-violet fibrillose stipe, dense clusters of cheilocystidia, and presence of abundant grayish-brown intracellular pigments in the terminal cells of pileipellis, and cheilocystidia. Entoloma dirensis is characterized by brownish olive to dull violet, finely fibrillose striate pileus with a violet-blue margin, slightly twisted violet-blue stipe, and blackish-brown lamellar edge, with groups of cheilocystidia which are often septate. The new species are presented based on the morphological and molecular study. Entoloma kumraticus and E. dirensis formed distinct phylogenetic lineages based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU gene regions. A key to the Pakistani species in sect. Cyanula is also provided.
... Phylogenetically, E. arcanum seems to be another closely related species to E. kumraticus but morphologically E. arcanum differs from E. kumraticus due to its non-translucently striate and non hygrophanous pileus with large pileus diameter (3.0-4.5 cm), adnate to slightly decurrent lamellae, fusiform cheilocystidia and much larger end cells of pileipellis (40-140 × 10.5-19.0 µm) and was found under Alnusand Quercus-dominated forests (Reschke et al. 2022). ...
Cedar towering forests of Kumrat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were visited to collect mushrooms during several fungal forays, which revealed two interesting and novel species from genus Entoloma, subgenus Cyanula , both are characterized by clamp-less hyphae and bluish-violaceous tinges on their pilei and stipes. Entoloma kumraticus is characterized by its bluish brown centrally depressed pileus, serrulate lamellar edge, bluish violet fibrillose stipe, dense clusters of cheilocystidia and presence of abundant greyish brown intracellular pigments in terminal cells of pileipellis and in few cheilocystidia. The key characters of Entoloma swatica are light brownish olive pileus with violet-blue finely fibrillose covering, translucently striated with radial stripes, blackish brown lamellar edge with clusters of cheilocystidia which are often septate and scaly, fibrillose slightly twisted violet blue stipe. Both new species are described and illustrated here, based on morphological and molecular evidence. E. kumraticus and E. swatica formed distinct phylogenetic lineages based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU gene regions.
In southern Punjab, Pakistan, the genus Entoloma remains poorly explored. Four collections of the genus Entoloma were collected during the mycological surveys from 2020 to 2022, in different areas of southern Punjab, Pakistan. Morpho-anatomical and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and combined ITS-28S sequences revealed that these four collections belong to the genus Entoloma Rusticoides group including a new species named E. khalidii and a new record for Pakistan, named E. phaeocarpum. The new species is characterized by a hemispherical to convex pileus with dark brown depressed center, slightly smaller isodiametric basidiospores, the presence of clavate to utriform cheilocystidia, and pileipellis hyphae with rounded ends. These findings underscore the importance of morphological, microscopical, and molecular approaches in fungal taxonomy and contribute to unveiling the fungal diversity in underexplored regions. The discovery of these species emphasizes the significance of continued exploration and conservation efforts to preserve myco-diversity in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Colored photographs of fresh basidiomata and habitats, illustrations of key anatomical characters, detailed descriptions, phylogenetic trees, and comparisons with closely related species are also provided.
We describe two new species, Entoloma. kermesinum sp. nov. and E. flavescens sp. nov., which are confused with E. quadratum and E. murrayi , respectively. We sequenced the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and 22 single-copy genes for 51 specimens of E. kermesinum , E. flavescens , E. album , and related species. Species boundaries were assessed using the molecular phylogenetics and population genetics approaches. Specimens of E. kermesinum , E. flavescens , and E. album formed independent clades, which were phylogenetically distinct from the specimens of E. quadratum and E. murrayi collected around the type locality (i.e., New England). Although the phylogenetic distance between E. flavescens and E. album was small, gene flow between them was restricted in areas where they coexisted, suggesting reproductive isolation. Therefore, these five species can be treated as independent species. We found characteristics useful for identifying E. kermesinum and E. flavescens . In particular, E. kermesinum is characterized by a crimson to brown-red and fibrillose pileus, finely covered by whitish fibrous scales; E. flavescens is characterized by a lemon-yellow to tan and shiny-to-silky pileus. In addition, relatively large basidiospores and clamp connections are diagnostic features of these two species.
Four new species of Entoloma from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and Ta Dung National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam and are described here on the base of the molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU and tef1α regions. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Entoloma cycneum and E. peristerinum belong to the subgenus Cubospora. They are morphologically similar species and are characterized by white or whitish basidiomata with yellowish or beige tinges and with mainly smooth, glabrous, and hygrophanous pileus, longitudinally fibrillose or fibrillose-scaly white stipe, cuboid spores, and more or less cylindrical cheilocystidia, arising from hymenophoral trama. Entoloma peristerinum posseses initially more coloured beige conical pileus, discolouring to white with age and drying. The pileus of E. cycneum is initially white, hemisphaerical to convex, usually with thin pubescence near the margin. The species can be recognized also by the cheilocystidia form: serrulatum-type in E. cycneum vs. porphyrogriseum-type in E. peristerinum. Another two species belong to the subgenus Leptonia. Entoloma tadungense is close to E. percoelestinum from which it differs by smaller spores with pronounced angles, presence of the cheilocystidia, and the lilac discolouration of the stipe. E. dichroides is named after its similarity to E. dichroum, a dark blue coloured species with pronouncedly angled basidiospores. It is distinguished by the basidiospores form—irregularly 5(–6) angled with elongated apiculus, as well as by absence of the cheilocystidia and darker basidiomata with conical pileus. The article also describes the history of the study of the genus Entoloma in Vietnam with a list of 29 species mentioned in the publications for this country.
