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Microscopic results of macrophages after administration of chloroform extract rhizome bangle for 24 hours in vitro at 400x magnification which secretes ROI (blue arrow) and which does not secrete ROI (green arrow).
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Context 1
... presence of ROI (superoxide anion, O2-) shows an increase in respiration and causes NBT to be reduced so as to form a formazan precipitate that is not soluble in blackish blue [15]. The microscopic results of peritoneal macrophages that secrete ROI and those that do not secrete can be seen in Figure 3. Formazan deposits in macrophages show macrophages secrete ROI, meaning that the more macrophages that form formazan deposits, the higher the ROI secretion activity by macrophages. ...
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Citations
... Following treatment, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to increase (Sari et al., 2020). Z. cassumunar rhizome extract also exhibits immunomodulatory activity by increasing the secretion of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) (Nurkhasanah et al., 2019). G. ulmifolia leaf extract also showed strong antioxidant activity in vitro, using various methods and showed the high content of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins which contribute to the antioxidant activity (Rafi et al., 2020;Silva et al., 2010). ...
The morbidity and mortality rates due to Covid-19 are increasing day by day, to overcome this, we urgently need a better treatment strategy, therefore various ways and strategies for this must be pursued. The purpose of the present review is to explain that the rhizome of bangle (Zingiber montanum) has great potential to increase antibodies and reduce symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which also seems suitable for treating Covid-19. Method: This review is looking for the results of scientific research from various sources, regarding the efficacy of bangle (Zingiber montanum) rhizome which is strongly suspected to be able to prevent, and reduce the symptoms that occur in COVID-19. The results showed that the bangle rhizome extract had activity as immunomodulatory, antiviral and reduced symptoms such as what happened in COVID-19. Conclusion: Bangle rhizome extract has dozens of nutritious substances and has multifunctional activities, and it can be postulated that among the benefits of bangle rhizome extract it is able to prevent and reduce symptoms that occur in Covid-19, and preclinical studies and clinical studies are needed to prove this postulate.
Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (bangle) has a variety of active compounds, including curcumin and phenylbutenoid. Bangle rhizoma reported exhibiting immunomodulatory activities. This research aims to determine the mechanism of bangle extract as an immunomodulator by the secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI), Nitric Oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL-10 and IL-14) expression level. Bangle extract (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) was made by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This research was administered in vitro using macrophage cells from male mice with Balb/C strain divided into 2 groups: normal control and treatment group (receiving 25, 50, and 100 ppm of extract). The administration of bangle extract can function as an immunomodulator by an increase of ROI in 25 and 50 ppm of the extract significantly than the control group (p <0.05), the treatment groups decrease NO level (p <0.05), it also was found to increase expression of IL-10 and IL-14 expression levels (p <0.05). Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract was potentially to be developed as an immunomodulator.
