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Isolation of Hanseniaspora uvarum, a yeast of the ascomycetes group, whose anamorph corresponds to Kloeckera apiculata, obtained from stool and two ungual specimens from three patients, is reported. This yeast has been found in soil, water, various fruits, bivalve molluscs, crabs, prawns and fruit flies; in Spain, it has been described in the ferme...
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... 72 hours of incubation, in three patients the growth of colonies was observed on Sabouraud dex- trose agar; these were of creamy-white colour, waxy- looking, smooth, with unbroken borders, compatible with yeasts; in the CHROMagar Candida medium, the colonies were small, dark lilac colour, with a halo around them. Under microscopic observation of the fresh colonies, the cells were seen as small and lemon- shaped, with possible vacuolas inside them (Figure 1). They were then identified as Kloeckera apiculata by fermentation and assimilation of carbohydrates using microgallery ATB ID 32C (Bio-Mérieux, France) and by its capacity for growth in the presence of cyclo- heximide and at 30 • C, but not at 37 • C (Table 1). ...
Citations
... Although rare, H. uvarum and H. opuntiae have been documented to play a pathogenic role in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, with reports of superficial mycoses, gastroenteritis episodes, oral injuries, and invasive infections (Emmanouil-Nikoloussi et al., 1994;Garcıá-Martos et al., 1998;Karimi et al., 2015;Gonzaĺez-Abad and Sanz, 2018;Jankowski et al., 2018). Recent studies have highlighted an increase in yeast colonization during pregnancy, and vaginal fungal infections in pregnant women have been associated with increased pregnancy complications (Disha and Haque, 2022). ...
... Although the genus Hanseniaspora has not been considered a typical opportunist pathogen, its species have been documented in different spectra of human mycoses (Emmanouil-Nikoloussi et al., 1994;Garcıá-Martos et al., 1998;Karimi et al., 2015;Gonzaĺez-Abad and Sanz, 2018;Jankowski et al., 2018). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Brazil of H. opuntiae isolated from anovaginal samples from pregnant women. ...
In this study, we report the first isolation of Hanseniaspora opuntiae obtained from four pregnant women in Brazil. Clinical isolates were obtained from four samples taken between 35 and 37 gestational weeks, as part of the routine antenatal care for maternal colonization screening for Streptococcus agalactiae group B. The patients were immunocompetent, with two of them diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and rDNA sequencing. While Hanseniaspora species have not traditionally been considered a typical opportunist pathogen, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating and screening for Hanseniaspora in pregnant populations, highlighting H. opuntiae as a potential agent of human infections.
... In addition, we include for the first time the reports on the isolation of M. farinosa, P. angusta, P. anomala, R. dairenensis, and R. toruloides from human samples in Brazil [39][40][41]44] and K. apiculata in Cuba [17]. This last species being rarely recovered from clinical samples [112,113]. Here, we also confirm that Sporobolomyces species have not been reported in Latin America. ...
Systemic infections caused by rare yeasts are increasing given the rise in immunocompromised or seriously ill patients. Even though globally, the clinical significance of these emerging opportunistic yeasts is increasingly being recognized, less is known about the epidemiology of rare yeasts in Latin America. This review collects, analyzes, and contributes demographic and clinical data from 495 cases of infection caused by rare yeasts in the region. Among all cases, 32 species of rare yeasts, distributed in 12 genera, have been reported in 8 Latin American countries, with Trichosporon asahii (49.5%), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (11.1%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (7.8%) the most common species found. Patients were mostly male (58.3%), from neonates to 84 years of age. Statistically, surgery and antibiotic use were associated with higher rates of Trichosporon infections, while central venous catheter, leukemia, and cancer were associated with higher rates of Rhodotorula infections. From all cases, fungemia was the predominant diagnosis (50.3%). Patients were mostly treated with amphotericin B (58.7%). Crude mortality was 40.8%, with a higher risk of death from fungemia and T. asahii infections. Culture was the main diagnostic methodology. Antifungal resistance to one or more drugs was reported in various species of rare yeasts.
... Hanseniaspora uvarum is a widespread yeast species most commonly isolated from soil, insects, various fruits, and fermenting musts (Kurtzman et al. 2011). It has also been collected from marine and freshwater ecosystems (de Araujo et al. 1995) and from medical samples (García-Martos et al. 1999). Detailed ecological studies by Miller and Phaff (1962), Spencer et al. (1992), and Morais et al. (1995) have shown that H. uvarum and other apiculate yeast species are the most commonly isolated yeasts that colonize ripe fruits and, moreover, cause their fermentative spoilage. ...
Mines on tree leaves and undamaged leaves were studied to investigate yeast complexes in urban areas (Aesculus hippocastanum, miner — Cameraria ohridella; Betula verrucosa, miner — Caloptilia betulicola; Populus nigra, miner — Lithocolletis populifoliella; Quercus robur, miner — Tischeria companella; Salix caprea, miner — Trachys minuta; Syringa vulgaris, miner — Caloptilia syringella; Tilia cordata, miner — Phyllonorycter issikii; Ulmus laevis, miner — Carpatolechia fugitivella). The abundance and taxonomic structure of yeasts were studied using a surface plating method on solid media (GPY agar). Identification of yeast species was based on the ITS rDNA nucleotide sequence. The average abundance of yeasts during the first stages of mine formation in the internal tissues of leaves was 10³ cfu/g. After 23–25 days, during the last stage of larval metamorphosis before mine destruction, the abundance of yeasts in the mines increased by two orders of magnitude to 10⁵ cfu/g. No significant differences were observed in the abundance of yeasts in mines formed by different insects on different trees. A total of twelve yeast species were observed. The fast-growing ascomycetous yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum and H. occidentalis dominated the mines. On undamaged leaves, the basidiomycetous yeasts Papiliotrema flavescens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, typical in the phyllosphere, dominated. The opportunistic yeast Candida parapsilosis was detected in the yeast complexes of all mines examined and was not found on the surface of leaves. Comparison of the relative abundance of yeast species between the studied mines and undamaged leaves using principal component analysis showed that all studied yeast communities in the mines were significantly different from the epiphytic yeast complexes of the undamaged leaves. Thus, miners in urban environments provoke the formation of short-lived endophytic yeast complexes with high abundance of Hanseniaspora. For leaf miners, the yeasts serve primarily as a food source for insect larvae rich in vitamins and amino acids. The adult leaf miners, in turn, contribute to the reproduction of the yeasts and create favorable conditions for their development.
... It was identified by Api-20C Aux-system, they described a yeast with a thick cell wall in which the outer surface appeared fuzzy and a bilateral budding and ascospores. García-Martos et al. [17] reported 3 cases of infection by Kloeckera apiculata; in a 9-year-old immunocompetent male with gastroenteritis, in the fecal sample that grew yeasts on blood agar. The colonies were cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and CHROMagar-Candida incubated at 30°C. ...
... After 72 h in all 3 patients, the growth of colonies was observed on Sabouraud agar; these were creamy-white, waxy looking, smooth, with unbroken border colonies; in the CHROMagar-Candida, colonies were small, dark lilac colored, with a halo around. Under microscopic observation, yeasts were seen as small and lemon shaped, and identified as Kloeckera apiculata by fermentation and assimilation of carbohydrates using a microgallery ATB ID 32C (Bio-Mérieux, France) [17]. ...
We report the first case of onychomycosis caused by Kloeckera apiculata in a woman with multiple sclerosis. Video-dermoscopic examination showed a spiked pattern and distal irregular aspect. Colonies on Sabouraud agar were white, creamy, and smooth. A microscopic examination showed blastoconidia. MALDI-TOF confirmed Kloeckera apiculata as the causal agent.
... H. uvarum is considered as opportunistic yeast and its occurrence in clinical isolates is unusual, but in this study, the appearance of this species in the oral cavity is considered the first recording as a result of malignancies and chemotherapy impact . It was first isolated in Spain by (18) from the oral cavity of a 70 year old women with lesions produced by the dentures, and they suggested that the source of infection was associated to handling and consumption of raw fish (19). ...
Yeast isolates were grown on CHR OMagar Candida medium to detect different types of the yeast species, and then the unidentified isolates were diagnosed by using molecular analysis of ITS region. From a total of 54 yeast isolates, 37 isolates appeared as different species of the genus Candida, the rest of species belong to Hanseniaspora, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Magnusiomyces, Pichia and Saccharomyces. 13yeasts species in this study reported as new strains in Gen Bank, also species belong to C. pronicula, H. uvarum, K. exigua, K. marxianus, M. capitatus, Magnusiomyces sp., P. kudriavzevii, P. manshurica and S. bayanus x S. cerevisiae isolated for the first time in Iraq. We concluded that there are new emergent species of the yeasts inhabit the oral cavity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and the results showed that the molecular method provide a good approach for the identification.
... The genus Hanseniaspora (anamorph Kloeckera) includes ascomycete yeast species commonly associated with alcoholic fermentation, but is also recorded from soil, plants, fruit-eating insects, birds, and seafood 71 . Some Hanseniaspora species have been reported as unusual opportunistic superficial mycosis in humans [72][73][74][75] . ...
We assessed fungal diversity present in air and freshly deposited snow samples obtained from Livingston Island, Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding through high throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 740 m³ of air were pumped through a 0.22 µm membrane. Snow obtained shortly after deposition was kept at room temperature and yielded 3.760 L of water, which was filtered using Sterivex membranes of 0.22 µm mesh size. The total DNA present was extracted and sequenced. We detected 171 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), 70 from the air and 142 from the snow. They were dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Mucoromycota. Pseudogymnoascus, Cladosporium, Mortierella and Penicillium sp. were the most dominant ASVs detected in the air in rank order. In snow, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium, Meyerozyma, Lecidea, Malassezia, Hanseniaspora, Austroplaca, Mortierella, Rhodotorula, Penicillium, Thelebolus, Aspergillus, Poaceicola, Glarea and Lecanora were the dominant ASVs present. In general, the two fungal assemblages displayed high diversity, richness, and dominance indices, with the assemblage found in snow having the highest diversity indices. Of the total fungal ASVs detected, 29 were only present in the air sample and 101 in the snow sample, with only 41 present in both samples; however, when only the dominant taxa from both samples were compared none occurred only in the air and, among the rare portion, 26 taxa occurred in both air and snow. Application of HTS revealed the presence of a more diverse fungal community in the air and snow of Livingston Island in comparison with studies using traditional isolation methods. The assemblages were dominated by cold-adapted and cosmopolitan fungal taxa, including members of the genera Pseudogymnoascus, Malassezia and Rhodotorula, which include some taxa reported as opportunistic. Our results support the hypothesis that the presence of microbiota in the airspora indicates the possibility of dispersal around Antarctica in the air column. However, further aeromycology studies are required to understand the dynamics of fungal dispersal within and beyond Antarctica.
... The fungus has also been isolated from soil, plants, fruit-eating insects, birds and seafood [3]. The occurrence of H. uvarum in humans is very unusual with only seven documented isolations in the literature [4][5][6][7]. ...
... Recovery of H. uvarum from human tissues is exceptionally rare. So far, it has been documented in four papers only, reporting altogether on seven isolations of H. uvarum from human sources, including nails, feces, oral mucosa, vaginal secretion, and blood [4][5][6][7]. The role of H. uvarum in all these cases remains enigmatic. ...
... In three of the aforesaid studies, no clinical data were provided, thus precluding any interpretation of finding H. uvarum in human samples. In a study of García-Martos et al. [5], the isolation of the fungus from stool and two ungual specimens was recognized as a transient colonization of the intestine and nails, respectively. ...
... Kloeckera apiculata is usually regarded as corresponding to H. uvarum (Pallmann et al. 2001;Romano et al. 2003). K. apiculata (the anamorphic state of H. uvarum) originated from budding and is a member of the Ascomycota phylum, Saccharomycotina subphylum, Saccharomycetes class, Saccharomycetales order, Saccharomycodaceae family and Kloeckera genus (Garcia-Martos et al. 1998;Schuller et al. 2005). In previous studies, K. apiculata was reported more playing a role in spontaneous wine fermentation (Cabranes et al. 1997;Caruso et al. 2002). ...
Specific primers targeting Penicillium digitatum were developed based on fungal genes RPB1 and cmd, which are conserved among the genomes of Penicillium spp. The specific primers were designed based on the mutational sites in the homologous regions of the conserved genes. The results indicated that primer pairs RPB1–1 and cmd-3 were specific enough to distinguish Penicillium digitatum (N1) from Penicillium chrysogenum (Q), Penicillium italicum (A10) and Penicillium expansum (L) when the DNA samples were diluted 100-fold. To further verify the effectiveness and specificity of the two primer pairs RPB1–1 and cmd-3, 38 strains of fungal isolates from sources related to citrus were detected using both primer pairs, and 14 candidate P. digitatum strains were identified. Then, the fourteen candidate P. digitatum strains were further identified as P. digitatum by morphological and molecular methods, which confirmed the detection accuracy and reliability of the specific primer pairs RPB1–1 and cmd-3 as molecular markers of P. digitatum. This work may significantly facilitate the rapid identification of P. digitatum in the citrus industry.
... Kloeckera apiculata is usually regarded as corresponding to H. uvarum (Pallmann et al. 2001;Romano et al. 2003). K. apiculata (the anamorphic state of H. uvarum) originated from budding and is a member of the Ascomycota phylum, Saccharomycotina subphylum, Saccharomycetes class, Saccharomycetales order, Saccharomycodaceae family and Kloeckera genus (Garcia-Martos et al. 1998;Schuller et al. 2005). In previous studies, K. apiculata was reported more playing a role in spontaneous wine fermentation (Cabranes et al. 1997;Caruso et al. 2002). ...
Kloeckera apiculata, as the anamorphic state of Hanseniaspora uvarum from the Ascomycota phylum, plays an important role in the inhibition of fungal diseases in plants and spontaneous wine fermentation. This study was performed to sequence and analyze the whole genome of K. apiculata strain 34-9; This analysis provides further genomic features and assists functional research. The complete genome was determined using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 system applying paired-end and mate-pair methods to construct four reads libraries. The data assembly of all the reads resulted in a total genome size of 8.1 Mb, including 106 contigs, which were assembled into 41 scaffolds with a 31.95 % G+C content and a 234X sequence coverage. The performance of the gene prediction and functional annotation revealed that 2724 of 3786 protein-coding genes matched the KOG database, and 1127 genes were classified into GO categories. Further genome features analyses found 1066 microsatellite sites, 71 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs and 3 microRNAs in the genomic DNA. A prediction of the metabolic pathways identified potentially crucial genes for explaining the phenylalanine pathway involved in biocontrol. Comparisons with the typical yeasts Lachancea thermotolerans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed the particularity and difference of K. apiculata strain 34-9. The genome alignments among Hanseniaspora vineae T02/19AF, K. apiculata DSM 2768 and 34-9 indicated numerous homologous regions distributed over the genomes between strain DSM2768 and 34-9. A SSR analysis identified that mono- and tri- nucleotide repeat types were more abundant in all six types, likely affecting the evolution of K. apiculata.
... During the selection of yeasts as biocontrol agents, one aspect to consider is that the selected yeasts must be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) (Banerjee, 2009). There are numerous cases of clinical infections caused by yeasts belonging to Candida, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Pichia, Lachancea, Hanseniaspora and Yarrowia genera particularly in immune compromised individuals (García-Martos et al., 1999;Lherm et al., 2002;Diekema et al., 2005;de Llanos Frutos, 2007). Therefore, it is important to evaluate the possible presence of pathogenicity factors of the selected biocontrol yeasts for humans and animals. ...
The efficacy of two strains of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans in preventing the growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) accumulation of ochratoxigenic fungi under greenhouse and field conditions were evaluated during three consecutive year trial. The data from this study showed that both yeast strains were able to control Aspergillus section Nigri species growth and ochratoxin A accumulation in wine grapes at harvest stage. The inhibitory effects were dependent on the ochratoxigenic species, yeast strains, and year analyzed. Over all conditions assayed, ochratoxin A accumulation was reduced from 27% to 100%, depending on the conditions evaluated. These results are promising for future development of a bio-pesticide.
