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Microscopic features of Hebeloma flavidifolium holotype (E 00204812) A spores in Melzer’s reagent ×1600 B spore ornamentation in Melzer’s reagent ×1600 C cheilocystidia in Melzer’s reagent ×500 D cheilocystidia in Melzer’s reagent ×1000 E cheilocystidia in KOH ×1000 F pleurocystidia in KOH ×1000. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–F). Photographs H.J. Beker. G Exsiccata (a section of photograph from http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/ E 00204812 provided by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh).
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In 1994 Corner published five new species within the genus Psathyrella , all having been collected on the Malay Peninsula between 1929 and 1930. Three of these species belong to the genus Hebeloma and with their vinaceous colored lamellae and spore print, when fresh, they belong to H. sect. Porphyrospora. Of these three species, only one, P. flavid...
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Hebeloma radicosum fructification occurred in 2003 in Hokkaido where Talpidae moles, known causal animals for H. radicosum growth, are not distributed. An excavation carried out in 2005 revealed a mass of deserted latrines and a collapsed nest in the soil. The latrines, being full of deteriorating ectomycorrhizas, were considered to have borne that...
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... Datasets for macrofungal genera representing multiple phyla and orders were assembled according to recent taxonomy and the availability of relevant sequence data. These datasets represent Agaricales (Hebeloma [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], Laccaria [47,48], and Marasmius), Boletales (Suillus [49]), Russulales (Russula, Stereum [50]), Polyporales (Trametes [51]), Thelephorales (Sarcodon), Cantharellales (Hydnum), Pezizales (Morchella) and Eurotiales (Elaphomyces [52,53]) ( Figure 2). The assignation of nrITS sequences to species followed the conclusions made by the authors or the conclusions of the referenced taxonomic studies. ...
The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The DNA barcode gap is seen as the difference between intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances in a DNA barcode. The current understanding of the barcode gap in macrofungi is limited, inhibiting the development of best practices in applying the nrITS region toward research on fungal diversity. This study examined the barcode gap using 5146 sequences representing 717 species of macrofungi from eleven genera, eight orders and two phyla in datasets assembled by taxonomic experts. Intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances were measured from sequence and phylogenetic data. The results demonstrate that barcode gaps are influenced by differences in intra- and inter-specific variance in pairwise distances. In terms of DNA barcode behavior, variance is greater in the ITS1 than ITS2, and variance is greater in both relative to the combined nrITS region. Due to the difference in variance, the barcode gaps in the ITS2 region are greater than in the ITS1. Additionally, the taxonomic approach of “splitting” taxa into numerous taxonomic units produces greater barcode gaps when compared to “lumping”. The results show variability in the barcode gaps between fungal taxa, demonstrating a need to understand the accuracy of DNA barcoding in quantifying species richness. For taxonomic studies, variability in nrITS sequence data supports the application of multiple molecular markers to corroborate the taxonomic and systematic delineation of species.
... Thirty-one further species have been published as new or confirmed recently from Europe and other continents (Monedero and Alvarado 2020;Grilli et al. 2020; Page 4 of 20 Bartlett et al. IMA Fungus (2022) 13:13 2020a, 2020b, Eberhardt et al., 2021aEberhardt et al., , 2021bEberhardt et al., , 2022aEberhardt et al., , 2022b. The remaining nine species, from Mexico and the United States, will be discussed in two forthcoming papers (Eberhardt et al. in press, in prep.). ...
The genus Hebeloma is renowned as difficult when it comes to species determination. Historically, many dichotomous keys have been published and used with varying success rate. Over the last 20 years the authors have built a database of Hebeloma collections containing not only metadata but also parametrized morphological descriptions, where for about a third of the cases micromorphological characters have been analysed and are included, as well as DNA sequences for almost every collection. The database now has about 9000 collections including nearly every type collection worldwide and represents over 120 different taxa. Almost every collection has been analysed and identified to species using a combination of the available molecular and morphological data in addition to locality and habitat information. Based on these data an Artificial Intelligence (AI) machine-learning species identifier has been developed that takes as input locality data and a small number of the morphological parameters. Using a random test set of more than 600 collections from the database, not utilized within the set of collections used to train the identifier, the species identifier was able to identify 77% correctly with its highest probabilistic match, 96% within its three most likely determinations and over 99% of collections within its five most likely determinations.
... Although this monograph only addressed the genus within Europe, it has provided a base both morphologically and molecularly. Since the publication of that monograph, a number of papers have been published describing new species of Hebeloma as well as resurrecting long forgotten names that can now be confirmed as valid (e.g., Cripps et al. 2019;Eberhardt et al. 2020aEberhardt et al. , 2020bEberhardt et al. , 2021aEberhardt et al. , 2021bEberhardt et al. , 2022aEberhardt et al. , 2022bMonedero and Alvarado 2020). ...
... Sequences of types were included if available unless missing data (short sequences) had an adverse effect on the taxonomic resolution of the result. The selection of loci, additional species and taxa used for rooting was guided by previous results Cripps et al. 2019;Eberhardt et al. 2021aEberhardt et al. , 2021bEberhardt et al. , 2022aEberhardt et al. , 2022b -and by the loci that could be generated from the collections available. Prior to concatenation, single locus trees (see Suppl. ...
The species of Hebeloma have been little studied in Mexico, but have received attention as edibles and in trials to enhance production of edible fungi and tree growth through inoculation of seedlings with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we describe three new species of Hebeloma that are currently known only from Mexico. These species belong to separate sections of the genus: H. ambustiterranum is a member of H. sect. Hebeloma, H. cohaerens belongs to H. sect. Theobromina, while H. magnicystidiatum belongs to H. sect. Denudata. All three species were collected from subtropical pine-oak woodland; all records of H. cohaerens came from altitudes above 2500 m. Hebeloma ambustiterranum is commonly sold in the local markets of Tlaxcala as a prized edible mushroom. An additional nine species are reported from Mexico, of which eight are new records for the country: H. aanenii , H. eburneum , H. excedens , H. ingratum , H. neurophyllum , H. sordidulum , H. subaustrale and H. velutipes . First modern descriptions of H. neurophyllum and H. subaustrale , originally described from the USA, are given here.
... sect. Porphyrospora) have been described from Japan, but have also been reported from other countries (e.g., Ho et al. 2014;Cho et al. 2016;Wu et al. 2019;Eberhardt et al. 2021a). Katumoto (2010) (Rees et al. 2013). ...
... In 2016, Beker et al. produced a monograph on Hebeloma in Europe, which was intended to provide a foundation for species names and concepts. Since that publication, several papers have appeared describing new species in Southeast Asia and Japan, as well as clarifying the infrageneric classification of species from these areas (for example : Eberhardt et al. 2020a: Eberhardt et al. , 2020b: Eberhardt et al. , 2021a. ...
... All material studied was dried material from, primarily, the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS) and the Hokkaido University Museum (SAPA), but also included a few collections sent to us directly by U. Kawasaki. This was compared with material, sequenced and discussed in Beker et al. (2016), Cripps et al. (2019), and Eberhardt et al. (2020aEberhardt et al. ( , 2020bEberhardt et al. ( , 2021a. ...
Here, we present the results of studies of Japanese Hebeloma collections. The four species described by Imai as Hebeloma ( H . fimicola , H . helvolescens , H . humosum , and H . tomoeae ) are not from the genus Hebeloma , but are members of Agrocybe , Homophron , or Pholiota . Recombinations are made. Hebeloma crustuliniforme f. microspermum , described by Hongo, is a synonym of H . nanum . Three species of Hebeloma are described as new to science, all currently known only from Japan. Two of these species, H . asperosporum and H . cinnamomeum , are members of H . sect. Denudata while the third species H . citrisporum belongs to H. sect. Velutipes . Japanese records of H . cavipes , H . eburneum , H . hygrophilum , H . subtortum , and H . velutipes are validated. In total, fifteen species of Hebeloma are confirmed from Japan; this is compared with previous checklists.
We here announce the launch of the website https://hebeloma.org .
Charles Horton Peck described some 2700 species of North American fungi in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Among these were 31 species that he described as Hebeloma or that later authors recombined into Hebeloma. These 31 taxa have been analyzed morphologically and molecularly, as far as possible. For six of these species, lectotypes are designated. For twelve species, ITS sequences (some partial) were generated. Thirteen of the species analyzed are Hebeloma, as the genus is delimited today. Of these 13, nine are regarded as 'current', i.e. are names that should be accepted and used. Of the remaining four, three are synonymized with earlier Peck species and one with the generic type H. mesophaeum. Numerous Hebeloma species described from America are synonymized with some of Peck's species, such as H. albidulum, H. album, H. colvinii, H. excedens, H. palustre, H. sordidulum, and H. velatum; Peck's H. album, H. palustre, and H. velatum are earlier names for H. fragilipes, H. clavulipes, and H. dunense, respectively. All three names were in current use and described from Europe. The 18 species that are not Hebeloma belong to a range of genera: Agrocybe, Hemistropharia, Inocybe, Inosperma, Naucoria, and Pholiota; three species that were not previously recombined into their respective genera are here recombined and one species, Hebeloma commune is synonymized with Pholiota lenta. Two taxa, that are not Hebeloma, remain unresolved. Sixty later Hebeloma taxa described from North America are revised and synonymized with Peck species and seven with H. mesophaeum, 36 of these supported by ITS (some partial) sequence data. Updates on two species, H. petrakii and H. remyi, from Europe, are also given, and a lectotype and epitype selected for the latter.
