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Microsatellite unstable molecular interaction and EBV gastric cancer. After infection with EBV virus, BCOR, ARID1, PIK3 mutations and PD-1 amplification inhibits the proliferation of T cells, which in turn leads to canceration.
Source publication
Worldwide, gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths and the fifth most common malignant tumor. Gastric cancer is believed to be caused by a variety of factors, such as genetics, epigenetics, and environmental influences. Among the pathogenic factors, inflammation has been considered as one of the main risk factors for gastric can...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... infiltration. Since some promising targeted therapies are being studied in clinical trials, EBV-positive gastric cancers and MSI-gastric cancers seem to have the highest potential value (Sunakawa & Lenz, 2015), in particularly, we will focus on those EBV and MSI sub-assemblies that seem to have the most clinically relevant impact Group (Fig. ...
Citations
... Turmeric [16][17][18][19] inhibits cell proliferation, increases ROS production, and induces apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential In a study on nude mice with human gastric cancer implanted, d-limonene, a decrease in tumor weight and a decrease in the incidence of liver and peritoneal metastases were seen downregulates the JAK/STAT2 signaling pathway in gastric cancer AGS cells and inhibits JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in gastric cancer AGS cells exhibits cytotoxic effects in cells in the MGC803, induces apoptosis, has antioxidant effects, reduces MMP and lower Blc-2 expression, increases caspase-3 expression this effect is stronger when d-limonene with berberine is used simultaneously Eugenol derivatives of β-aminoalcohol were more cytotoxic to A549 and AGS cells compared to β-alkoxyalcohol derivatives and the parent substance Thyme [53][54][55] thymol carvacrol chlorogenic acid exhibits genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on AGS cells inhibited cell proliferation-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and ROS production shows affinity for GC target genes, strong anticancer activity against various cancer and non-cancer cell lines induces apoptosis by producing ROS and regulates the cell cycle by prolonging the sub-G1 cellular phase in AGS cells, damages MMPs and activates proapoptotic proteins; Bax; PARP; and caspase-7, -8, and -9, increases in caspase-3 exhibits antiproliferative effects and induction of apoptosis, which are regulated by Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins there are different data on the effect on Bcl-2 expression; depending on the study, thymol has no effect on Bcl-2 expression or causes a decrease in it Basil [122] anthocyanin and flavonoid derivatives cell death and inhibition of cell viability, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, apoptosis, reduced tumor growth, and cell cycle arrest no exact data discovered - ...
... Curcumin also seems to be usable in the prevention of GC. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects may be useful in inhibiting damage to the gastric mucosa by various agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and stress bleeding [16,17]. Moreover, curcumin has antibacterial properties, which are associated with the inhibition of HP infection [18,19]. ...
Simple Summary
Despite the significant improvements in the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer, this malignancy still remains one of the most prevalent worldwide, with a significant mortality rate. Recently, the number of studies concerning herbal medicine and its use in various cancers has increased significantly. For example, there has been research focusing on its applications alone or in combination with other therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy. Therefore, because of the continuous research on newer spices, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of herbal medicine in gastric cancer patients, taking into account their potential as a part of potential cancer therapy. Besides providing a summary of the potential alternative therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer, the findings of this paper might provide insight into further research directions.
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in terms of cancer-related deaths and is the fifth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Its risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, Epstein–Barr virus infection, the consumption of broiled and charbroiled animal meats, salt-preserved and smoke-enhanced foods, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, exposure to ionizing radiation, and positive family history. The limited effectiveness of conventional therapies and the widespread risk factors of GC encourage the search for new methods of treatment and prevention. In the quest for cheap and commonly available medications, numerous studies focus on herbal medicine, traditional brews, and spices. In this review, we outline the potential use of spices, including turmeric, ginger, garlic, black cumin, chili pepper, saffron, black pepper, rosemary, galangal, coriander, wasabi, cinnamon, oregano, cardamom, fenugreek, caraway, clove, dill, thyme, Piper sarmentosum, basil, as well as the compounds they contain, in the prevention and treatment of GC. We present the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the effectivity of a given seasoning substance and their impact on GC cells. We discuss their potential effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. For most of the spices discussed, we also outline the unavailability and side effects of their use.
... Turmeric commonly referred to as "Jianghuang" in China has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) [9]. It is used in the preparation of different Chinese herbal products. ...
Introduction
The effect of the ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa Linn (yellow turmeric) and Curcuma zedoaria Rosc (white turmeric) on cardiac oxidative stress in rats exposed to manganese was evaluated in this study.
Methods
We divided 60 Wistar rats into 12 groups (n = 5) with some administered different concentrations of yellow or white turmeric extract. The animals except the control groups were exposed to manganese on days 1,3, and 7. All the animals were sacrificed on the 8th day and the hearts were harvested for biochemical assays. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the levels of cardiac superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation in rats were determined. Additionally, in silico studies were performed to further compare the cardioprotective potential of the two species of turmeric.
Results
The results showed that rats treated with manganese alone had decreased levels of FRAP, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione but increased levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation were observed. The Mn-induced oxidative stress was ameliorated in animals co-treated with yellow or white turmeric. The yellow turmeric showed better activity than white turmeric. In the in-silico evaluation, phytocompounds from yellow turmeric had higher binding energy against Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) protein than the ones from white turmeric. Bioactive compounds from white turmeric did not violate any of Lipinski's rules of five or three, despite having lower binding energy.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that ethanol extract of yellow and white turmeric may have the potential to ameliorate manganese-induced cardiac oxidative stress.
... CUR prevented stomach mucosal damage provoked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, gastric mucosal injury in rats, and gastric mucosal damage caused by stress haemorrhage and H. pylori infection. CUR has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties through modulating DNA methylation, histone modification, nuclear factor erythrocyte 2 related factor 2, and other signal transduction pathways [61]. ...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa rhizome) is well‐known for its therapeutic properties in traditional Indian and Chinese medicines. It has preventive and therapeutic activity against diseases that target human body systems as well as various cancer types. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of curcumin against various factors involved in the metastatic process. The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐HIV activities and mechanism of curcumin‐functionalized nanovesicles are also reviewed. Despite the biocompatibility of curcumins, its medical applications are limited due to its low bioavailability, insolubility in water, and degradation at certain pH levels. Moreover, the low stability and rapid metabolism of curcumin limits its clinical applications. Therefore, it is imperative to design strategies to mitigate this shortfall which include the synthesis of curcumin glycosides or the development of curcumin delivery systems to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. This review provides insight into the different chemical methods for the synthesis and modification adopted to achieve these compounds.
... Possibly due to the distinct chemical composition, these genera also have some differences in bioactivities, e.g., flavonoids of Rosa displayed the nervous system protection, Rosa also had the anti-aging and hypolipidemic properties, while Tetrastigma showed the analgesic activity. The studies of these pharmacological activities are booming (Gu et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2022b), as they are aimed at the current common and frequently occurring diseases, including epidemic and pandemic diseases. ...
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major risk factor for chronic gastritis, affecting approximately half of the global population. H. pylori eradication is a popular treatment method for H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, but its mechanism remains unclear. Urinary metabolomics has been used to elucidate the mechanisms of gastric disease treatment. However, no clinical study has been conducted on urinary metabolomics of chronic gastritis.
AIM
To elucidate the urinary metabolic profiles during H. pylori eradication in patients with chronic gastritis.
METHODS
We applied LC–MS-based metabolomics and network pharmacology to investigate the relationships between urinary metabolites and H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis via a clinical follow-up study.
RESULTS
Our study revealed the different urinary metabolic profiles of H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis before and after H. pylori eradication. The metabolites regulated by H. pylori eradication therapy include cis-aconitic acid, isocitric acid, citric acid, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, and hippuric acid, which were involved in four metabolic pathways: (1) Phenylalanine metabolism; (2) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; (3) citrate cycle; and (4) glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed that MPO, COMT, TPO, TH, EPX, CMA1, DDC, TPH1, and LPO were the key proteins involved in the biological progress of H. pylori eradication in chronic gastritis.
CONCLUSION
Our research provides a new perspective for exploring the significance of urinary metabolites in evaluating the treatment and prognosis of H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis patients.
Cancer is a complex, one of the fatal non-communicable diseases, and its treatment has enormous challenges, with variable efficacy of traditional anti-cancer agents. By 2025, it is expected that 420 million additional cases of cancer will be diagnosed yearly. However, among various types of cancer, brain cancer treatment is most difficult due to the presence of blood-brain barriers. Nowadays, phytoconstituents are gaining popularity because of their biosafety and low toxicity to healthy cells. This article reviews various aspects related to curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics, including epidemiology, the role of nanotechnology, and various challenges for development and clinical trials. Furthermore, it elaborates on the prospects of curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics. In this article, our objective is to illuminate the anti-cancer potential of curcumin for brain cancer therapy. Moreover, it also explores how to defeat its constraints of clinical application because of poor bioavailability, stability, and rapid metabolism. This review also emphasizes the possibility of curcumin for the cure of brain cancer using cutting-edge biotechnological methods based on nanomedicine. This review further highlights the recent patents on curcumin-loaded nanoformulations for brain cancer. Overall, this article provides an overview of curcumin's potential in brain cancer therapy by considering challenges to be overwhelmed and future prospective. Moreover, this review summarizes the reported literature on the latest research related to the utility of curcumin in brain cancer therapy and aims to provide a reference for advanced investigation on brain cancer treatment.
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is defined as a specific cluster of colorectal cancers that develop as a result of prolonged colitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are known to have an increased risk of developing CAC. Although the incidence of CAC has significantly decreased over the past few decades, individuals with CAC have increased mortality compared to individuals with sporadic colorectal cancer, and the incidence of CAC increases with duration. Chronic inflammation is generally recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of CAC. CAC has been shown to progress from colitis to dysplasia and finally to carcinoma. Accumulating evidence suggests that multiple immune-mediated pathways, DNA damage pathways, and pathogens are involved in the pathogenesis of CAC. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing effort to develop clinical approaches that could help improve outcomes for CAC patients. Colonoscopic surveillance plays an important role in reducing the risk of advanced and interval cancers. It is generally recommended that CAC patients undergo endoscopic removal or colectomy. This review summarizes the current understanding of CAC, particularly its epidemiology, mechanisms, and management. It focuses on the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CAC, covering advances in genomics, immunology, and the microbiome; presents evidence for management strategies, including endoscopy and colectomy; and discusses new strategies to interfere with the process and development of CAC. These scientific findings will pave the way for the management of CAC in the near future.
Nowadays, one of the leading causes of death in humans is cancer, which is still on the rise globally and is in great need of intense study on the pathogenic mechanism and effective therapy. Epigenetics is a discipline that studies heritable changes in gene expression without alteration of DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes mainly involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, which are interconnected to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Curcumin is a type of plant-derived polyphenolic compound with strong bioactivity against various disorders, particularly cancer. Retrieving commonly used databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI, we summarized recent advances in the efficacy of curcumin on cancer and its epigenetic regulation in terms of DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA expression. Furthermore, we also focused on improving the bioavailability of curcumin by development of novel curcumin analogs with high bioavailability, nanoparticles-loaded drug delivery system for curcumin, and combination therapy of curcumin with other agents. This review provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms, on the basis of epigenetic regulation, underlying the clinical application of curcumin in cancer.
