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Micropsalliota digitatocystis (HMAS290750, holotype), (A-B) basidiomata in field (C) cheilocystidia; (D) pleurocystidia; (E) basidia; (F) basidiospores; (G) annulus hyphae; (H) pileipellis hyphae. Bars: A, B = 1 cm; C-G = 20 μm; H = 25 μm.
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Species diversity of Micropsalliota in China remains poorly known, especially in southwestern China, a hotspot of biodiversity. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and nrLSU sequences, three new species named Micropsalliota delicatula, M. dentatomarginata and M. digitatocystis are introduced from Chi...
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... The anatomical and cytological features, including lamellae, pileipellis, basidiospores, basidia, and cystidia, of the dried specimens were observed following the protocols described in [22]. For microscopic characterization, the sections were mounted in 5% KOH solution. ...
The species of Gymnopilus (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. Gymnopilus exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered from ten provinces in China. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing gene sequences including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α. Additionally, morphological examinations were also carried out. The phylogenetic topology of Gymnopilus from this study generally agreed with previous studies and facilitated the identification of all those specimens. As a result, eleven species, including five newly discovered ones named Gy. gyirongensis, Gy. variisporus, Gy. tomentosiceps, Gy. tenuibasidialis, and Gy. aurantipileatus, were recognized. Significantly, four of the five newly identified species are native to the Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing their specialization in this distinctive habitat. This research contributes to our comprehension of Gymnopilus diversity and lays the groundwork for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Gymnopilus resources.
... (1981: 465) (Zhao et al. 2010). There were also conducted following surveys on this genus, where new species were described and new records were reported: from Thailand and China (Wei et al. 2015;Chen et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021;Wang et al. 2017;Chen et al. 2019;Sun et al. 2020;Liu et al. 2021), from India (Dutta et al. 2011;Patil et al. 2022), from Oman (Al-Kharousi et al. 2022. There was also carried out a study, providing a model of main phylogenetic clades within Micropsalliota, with six new species and new records from China (Yan et al. 2022). ...
... Phytotaxa 626 (4) © 2023 Magnolia Press • 253 Micropsalliota dentatomarginata has also larger pure white basidiomata (pileus of 12-15 mm in diameter) and capitate cheilocystidia with a thickened base (Li et al. 2021). M. albosericea has white basidiomata and clavate or subcapitate cheilocystidia (Zhao et al. 2010). ...
Data on the species diversity of the genus Micropsalliota in Vietnam is still insufficient. In the current paper, three new species with small basidiomata (M. appendiculata, M. inflata, and M. suricatoides) are collected from Dong Nai and Gia Lai provinces of Vietnam, and identified based on morphological and molecular data. Micropsalliota appendiculata is characterized by an appendiculate margin of pileus, M. inflata – by red pileus and inflated pileipellis hyphae cells, and M. suricatoides possesses beige pileus with brown fibrils and stipitipellis hyphae with capitate apices. The study is provided with photographs of basidiomata, illustrations, descriptions of macro- and micromorphological features, and phylogenetic trees to show the position of the three new species. Discussion on similar taxa is also given.
... PCR was performed in 25 µL reactions consisting of 2 µL genomic DNA, 1 µL upstream and 1 µL downstream primers, 9 µL ddH2O, and 12 µL 2 × Es Taq MasterMix (Beijing Cowin Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Then, we performed under the following conditions: 94 • C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of 94 • C for 30 s, 55 • C for 40 s, 72 • C for 50 s, and a final extension step at 72 • C for 10 min before storage at 12 • C [55,56]. The PCR products were detected by electrophoresis and sent to BGI Genomics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China, for purification and sequencing [57]. ...
The Shaluli Mountains are located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau at an elevation of 2500-5000 m. They are characterized by a typical vertical distribution of climate and vegetation and are considered a global biodiversity hotspot. We selected ten vegetation types at different elevation gradients representing distinct forests in the Shaluli Mountains to assess the macrofungal diversity, including subalpine shrub, Pinus spp., Populus spp., Pinus spp. and Quercus spp., Quercus spp., Abies spp., Picea spp. and Abies spp., Picea spp., Juniperus spp., and alpine meadow. In total, 1654 macrofungal specimens were collected. All specimens were distinguished by morphology and DNA barcoding, resulting in the identification of 766 species belonging to 177 genera in two phyla, eight classes, 22 orders, and 72 families. Macrofungal species composition varied widely among vegetation types, but ectomycorrhizal fungi were predominant. In this study, the analysis of observed species richness, the Chao1 diversity index, the invsimpson diversity index, and the Shannon diversity index revealed that the vegetation types with higher macrofungal alpha diversity in the Shaluli Mountains were composed of Abies, Picea, and Quercus. The vegetation types with lower macrofungal alpha diversity were subalpine shrub, Pinus spp., Juniperus spp., and alpine meadow. The results of curve-fitting regression analysis showed that macrofungal diversity in the Shaluli Mountains was closely related to elevation, with a trend of increasing and then decreasing with rising elevation. This distribution of diversity is consistent with the hump-shaped pattern. Constrained principal coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances indicated that macrofungal community composition was similar among vegetation types at similar elevations, while vegetation types with large differences in elevation differed significantly in macrofungal community composition. This suggests that large changes in elevation increase macrofungal community turnover. This study is the first investigation of the distribution pattern of macrofungal diversity under different vegetation types in high-altitude areas, providing a scientific basis for the conservation of macrofungal resources.
... Species of Micropsalliota are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, America, and Asia (Heinemann, 1977(Heinemann, , 1980(Heinemann, , 1983(Heinemann, , 1988(Heinemann, , 1989Heinemann and Flower, 1983;Heinemann and Leelavathy, 1991;Guzmán-Dávalos, 1992;Guzmán-Dávalos and Heinemann, 1994;Zhao et al., 2010;Chen et al., 2016;Parra et al., 2016;He et al., 2020;Crous et al., 2021;Al-Kharousi et al., 2022). Beginning with the discovery of M. pseudoglobocystis Li Wei and R. L. Zhao, 13 species, of which four are new, have been reported in China (Li et al., , 2021Wei et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2017;Chen et al., 2019;Sun et al., 2020;Liu et al., 2021). During our ongoing study of Chinese macrofungi initiated in 2018, the high species diversity of this genus in subtropical China has attracted our attention. ...
... and Broome) Heinem. and Little Flower, and H. sp. were chosen as outgroup taxa according to the results of Zhao et al. (2010) and Li et al. (2021). A total of 250 sequences (137 ITS, 84 LSU, 29 rpb2) representing 139 taxa were used in subsequent analyses. ...
... /fmicb. . white pileus, and basidiospores longer than 5.5 µm as M. minor, but none of them have the forked cheilocystidia (Heinemann and Flower, 1983;Zhao et al., 2010;Li et al., 2021). Another species, M. bifida R. L. Zhao, Desjardin, Soytong and K. D. Hyde, has variable (including forked) cheilocystidia, but its basidiospores are shorter than 5 µm (Zhao et al., 2010). ...
Micropsalliota is a relatively small genus containing only 62 previously identified species. Here, we describe six new taxa of Micropsalliota based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses: M. minor, M. ovalispora, M. pseudodelicatula, M. rufosquarrosa, M. tenuipes, and M. wuyishanensis and a new record taxon to China. The first Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a three-gene dataset (ITS, LSU, and rpb2) separated the genus into 18 weakly to strongly supported major clades and subclades, but only a few subclades were synapomorphies. According to phylogenetic analyses, M. cornuta does not belong in Micropsalliota. A key to 20 species of Micropsalliota in China is provided.
... The rest of the ingroup and outgroup sequences were obtained from the NCBI database to construct the phylogenetic tree following previous studies (Zhao et al., 2010;Wei et al., 2015;Chen et al., 2016;Parra et al., 2016;He et al., 2020;Li et al., 2021). All the sequences were aligned using Muscle programme in the MEGA v 7.0 (Kumar, Stecher, & Tamura, 2016). ...
... µm), basidia (13-19 × 6-8 µm), cheilo-and pleurocystidia (25-60 × 10-20 µm) (Zhao et al., 2010). Micropsalliota furfuracea R.L. Zhao, Desjardin, K. Soytong & K.D. Hyde is also phenetically similar to M. pileocystidiata, but the former is characterized by distinctly larger basidiospores (6-7 × 3.5-4 µm) and larger basidia ( (Li et al., 2021). Also M. digitatocystis has distinctly larger basidiospores (5.8-7.4 × 4-4.6 µm; Li et al., 2021). ...
... Micropsalliota furfuracea R.L. Zhao, Desjardin, K. Soytong & K.D. Hyde is also phenetically similar to M. pileocystidiata, but the former is characterized by distinctly larger basidiospores (6-7 × 3.5-4 µm) and larger basidia ( (Li et al., 2021). Also M. digitatocystis has distinctly larger basidiospores (5.8-7.4 × 4-4.6 µm; Li et al., 2021). Micropsalliota cystidiosa di ers primarily in its smaller basidiomata (pileus 10-20 mm diam, stipe 35-40 × 4-6 mm) and smaller, fusoid ventricose pleurocystidia with mucronate apices (Natarajan & Manjula, 1982). ...
A new species of Micropsalliota is described from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. The species is recognized on the basis of morphological details and its phylogenetic placement is determined by using of nrITS and nrLSU sequence data analyses. Micropsalliota pileocystidiata is characterised by its robust basidiomes covered by reddish brown appressed fibrillose squamules, ellipsoid to amygdaliform basidiospores, pyriform pileocystidia and clavate, utriform to broadly utriform or sometimes ellipsoid cheilo- and pleurocystidia.
... Species of Micropsalliota are saprotrophic, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa (Heinemann 1983), Americas (Heinemann 1989;Guzman-Davalos 1992;Guzman-Davalos & Heinemann 1994) and Asia (Heinemann 1980;Heinemann & Little Flower 1983;Zhao et al. 2010;Wei et al. 2015;Chen et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). Currently, there are about 75 accepted species in the genus worldwide (Zhao et al. 2010;Wei et al. 2015;Chen et al. 2016;Parra et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). ...
... Species of Micropsalliota are saprotrophic, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa (Heinemann 1983), Americas (Heinemann 1989;Guzman-Davalos 1992;Guzman-Davalos & Heinemann 1994) and Asia (Heinemann 1980;Heinemann & Little Flower 1983;Zhao et al. 2010;Wei et al. 2015;Chen et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). Currently, there are about 75 accepted species in the genus worldwide (Zhao et al. 2010;Wei et al. 2015;Chen et al. 2016;Parra et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). ...
... To check the sequence similarity against the GenBank sequences, the resulted sequences were subjected to BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul et al. 1990) search using the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) website. For phylogenetic reconstruction, the combined ITS-28S dataset was constructed from those sequences mentioned in the most recent phylogeny of Micropsalliota (Zhao et al. 2010;Parra et al. 2016;He et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). The assembled sequences were aligned using online MAFFT algorithm at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/goldm an−srv/webpr ank/ (Madeira et al. 2019) with default settings. ...
The genus Micropsalliota is a group of saprotrophic mushrooms, characterized by small to medium-sized basidiomata with fibrillose-squamulose or glabrous pilei, ellipsoid to amygdaliform or cymbiform basidiospores and cheilocystidia that vary in shape from clavate to ventricose or lageniform with more or less a capitate apex. In this study, we described a new species of Micropsalliota from southern Oman. Species description is based on morphological features of basidiomata and phylogenetic analyses of nuc ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1–D2 domains of the 28S region. The new species Micropsalliota ventricocystidiata is characterized by a medium-sized basidiomata, with plano-convex pileus, covered with reddish-brown squamules and basidiospores are ellipsoid to amygdaliform with acute apex in side view and oblong in face view, measuring 7.5–8.5 × 4.5–5 µm. Morphological comparison of M. ventricocystidiata with respect to other species of the genus is provided. We discussed that species of the genus can be divided into two groups based on their pileus morphology and basidiospores size.
... Micropsalliota albella (from Thailand) is distinguished by non-capitate cheilo cystidia (He et al. 2020 cymbiform spores and ventricose-capitate cheilocystidia (Zhao et al. 2010). Micropsalliota dentatomarginata (from China) has convex pilei and cheilocystidia with thickened base, long neck and capitate apex, but differs by wider pilei (12 -15 mm diam) with appendiculate dentate margin (Li et al. 2021). Micropsalliota pusillissima (from Thailand) differs by smaller size of basidiomata (pileus 1-3 mm, stipe 5 -12 × 0.2 mm with annulus), and ventricose-capitate cheilocystidia (Zhao et al. 2010). ...
... Micropsalliota albella (from Thailand) is distinguished by non-capitate cheilo cystidia (He et al. 2020 cymbiform spores and ventricose-capitate cheilocystidia (Zhao et al. 2010). Micropsalliota dentatomarginata (from China) has convex pilei and cheilocystidia with thickened base, long neck and capitate apex, but differs by wider pilei (12 -15 mm diam) with appendiculate dentate margin (Li et al. 2021). Micropsalliota pusillissima (from Thailand) differs by smaller size of basidiomata (pileus 1-3 mm, stipe 5 -12 × 0.2 mm with annulus), and ventricose-capitate cheilocystidia (Zhao et al. 2010). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii from a grassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis on calcareous soil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica), Inocybe corsica on wet ground. France (French Guiana), Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. Germany, Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.) on dead stems of Sambucus nigra. India, Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa. Iran, Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under Prunus dulcis. Italy, Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. Japan, Heterophoma rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan, Murispora kazachstanica from healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia, Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.) from stems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands, Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen. nov.), from dead culms of Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Sarocladium junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis-academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata, Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.) from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella gen. nov.) from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata, Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen. nov. and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.) from Juglans regia. New Zealand, Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway, Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal, Entomortierella hereditatis from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. Russia, Colpoma junipericola from needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands, Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis on litter in a mixed forest, Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis, Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.) from leaves of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa, Harzia combreti from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii, Phaeoisaria dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum. Spain, Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Inocybe nivea associated with Salix polaris. Thailand, Biscogniauxia whalleyi on corticated wood. UK, Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA, Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces tampanus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.) from office dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.) from a tombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air sample in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from air in men’s locker room and Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam, Entoloma kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans, Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
The genus Podaxis was first described from India by Linnaeus in 1771, but several revisions of the genus have left the taxonomy unclear. Forty-four Podaxis species names and nine intraspecific varieties are currently accepted, but most fungarium specimens are labelled Podaxis pistillaris . Recent molecular analyses based on barcoding genes suggest that the genus comprises several species, but their status is largely unresolved. Here we obtained basidiospores and photographs from 166 fungarium specimens from around the world and generated a phylogeny based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 (ITS), and a phylogenomic analysis of 3 839 BUSCO genes from low-coverage genomes for a subset of the specimens. Combining phylogenetics, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, spanning 250 years of collections, we propose that the genus includes at least 16 unambiguous species. Based on 10 type specimens (holotype, paratype, and syntype), four recorded species were confirmed, P. carcinomalis , P. deflersii , P. emerici , and P. farlowii . Comparing phylogenetic analysis with described species, including morphology, ecology, and distribution, we resurrected P. termitophilus and designated neotypes, epitypes, or lectotypes for five previously described species, P. aegyptiacus , P. africana , P. beringamensis , P. calyptratus , and P. perraldieri . Lastly, based on phylogenies and morphology of type material, we synonymized three reported species, P. algericus , P. arabicus , and P. rugospora with P. pistillaris , and described five new species that we named P. desolatus , P. inyoensis , P. mareebaensis , P. namaquensis , and P. namibensis .
