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Micropeltis dendrophthoes (holotype). A. Leaf. B. Thyriothecia developing on surface of leaves. C. Thyriothecia viewed in squash mount. D. Section through thyriothecium. E. Peridium of thyriothicium. F. Upper wall of thyriothecium in squash mount. G. Ascus. H. Ascus in cotton blue reagent. I. Ocular chamber of ascus in cotton blue reagent. J. Ascospore with gelatinous sheath. K, L. Ascospores in 70% lactic acid. M, N. Germinating ascus and ascospore. Scale bars: C, D = 100 μm, E-H, J-N = 20 μm, I = 5 μm.
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Abstract – The authors describe ten new taxa for science using mostly both morphological
and molecular data. In Ascomycota, descriptions are provided for Ceramothyrium ficus
(Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes), Lachnum fusiforme (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales), four new
species in Dothideomycetes, namely Micropeltis dendrophthoes (Microthyriales), Montag...
Citations
... Holotype: CMUB 40021. Notes: Muscodor coffeanus was introduced by Hongsanan et al. [64] as an endophyte in stems of Coffea arabica from Brazil. The preliminary studies showed that the VOCs produced by M. coffeanus completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus ochraceous, A. niger, A. flavus, and Fusarium coffeanus on PDA. ...
The deviation of conventional fungal niches is an important factor in the implications of hidden fungal diversity and global fungal numbers. The Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota), which is also referred to as xylarialean taxa, has a wide range of species that demonstrate a high degree of variation in their stromatic characteristics, showing either conspicuous or inconspicuous forms. In this study, samples were collected while focusing on temporal and spatial parameters and substrate characteristics. Based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and β-tubulin (TUB2) multigene phylogeny and morphology, five new species are introduced as Muscodor brunneascosporus, M. lam-phunensis (Xylariaceae), Nigropunctata hydei, N. saccata (Incertae sedis), and Xenoanthostomella parvispora (Gyrotrichaceae). Plant substrates in the early stages of decay and attached to the host were feasible sample niches, with an emphasis on the collection of inconspicuous, hidden xylarialean species. The appearance of inconspicuous saprobic xylarialean forms during the rainy season may be linked to the change in nutritional mode, from endophytic mode during the dry season to saprobic in the wet. Therefore, it would be fascinating to concentrate future research on how seasonal fluctuations affect nutritional mode shifts, especially in northern Thailand, which would provide the optimal spatial characteristics. In order to establish a comprehensive linkage between endophytic and sapro-bic modes, it is imperative to have a substantial representation of endophytic isolate sequences resembling inconspicuous xylariaceous fungi within publicly accessible databases.
... growth, diminished yield, and challenges related to marketability (Chomnunti et al. 2014). Moreover, these species have a wide distribution and are common in tropical and subtropical regions (Chomnunti et al. 2014, Hongsanan et al. 2015, 2020. Sooty mold species in Capnodiaceae are characterized by superficial, thin, blackened, sooty-like thallus on the host surface. ...
... Capnodiaceae is the type family of Capnodiales, which comprises species of sooty molds (Chomnunti et al. 2011, Hyde et al. 2013, Hongsanan et al. 2015, 2020. This family was originally established by Höhnel (1909) and validated by Theissen (1916). ...
... Sooty mold species in Capnodiaceae are remarkable but a poorly understood group of fungi. They colonize various parts of plants, including branches, flowers, fruits, leaves, and stems (Hughes 1976, Faull et al. 2002, Hyde et al. 2013, Chomnunti et al. 2014, Hongsanan et al. 2015, 2020. Sooty molds, especially those from this family, have the potential to adversely affect plants by reducing photosynthesis through the presence of their mycelium coating. ...
Sooty mold is a common fungal foliar epiphyte that can significantly impact agricultural crops. In this study, we found four different species of sooty molds belonging to Capnodiaceae occurring on different plants in northern Thailand viz. Broussonetia papyrifera, Carica papaya, Mangifera indica, Manihot esculenta, and Rosa × damascene. These hosts showed dark brown mycelia covering their leaves. Phylogenetic analyses using a combination of LSU, ITS, tef-1α, and rpb2 sequence data showed that the newly obtained sequences belong to Capnodium coartatum, Ca. gamsii, Conidiocarpus caucasicus, and Phragmocapnias betle. The morphological characteristics of these four species concurred with the phylogenetic results. Notably, these four species are reported as new host records. Additionally, we validate Ca. paracoartatum sp. nov., and synonymize Co. asiaticus and Co. siamensis under Co. caucasicus based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses.
... nov. [19,24,25]. In addition, M. aquatica has thinner peridia than M. cirsii (10-22 μm vs. 41-58.5 ...
... nov is introduced and it is the first Montagnula species reported from freshwater habitats. [19,24,25]. In addition, M. aquatica has thinner peridia than M. cirsii (10-22 µm vs. 41-58.5 ...
Four stains were isolated from two fresh twigs of Helwingia himalaica and two dead woods during investigations of micro-fungi in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1-α revealed the placement of these species in Montagnula. Based on the morphological examination and molecular data, two new species, M. aquatica and M. guiyangensis, and a known species M. donacina are described. Descriptions and illustrations of the new collections and a key to the Montagnula species are provided. Montagnula chromolaenicola, M. puerensis, M. saikhuensis, and M. thailandica are discussed and synonymized under M. donacina.
... Some species of endophytic fungi can activate host defense mechanisms against pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, as well as insects and nematodes, thereby acting as biological control agents (Hardoim et al., 2015;Kumar et al., 2019). Induratia species, including the strains evaluated in this study, have been reported to produce VOCs, which have antifungal properties against various phytopathogenic fungi causing common bean diseases such as anthracnose, white mold, and angular leaf spot diseases (Hongsanan et al., 2015;Macías-Rubalcava et al., 2010;Monteiro et al., 2017;Mota et al., 2021;Strobel, 2020;Strobel, 2018Strobel, , 2006. Considering our results and those published by Mota et al. (2021), some strains of Induratia could have significant potential to enhance common bean production and control disease in this crop. ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous species of great economic and nutritional importance worldwide, and thus the development of management strategies to promote plant growth and increase grain yield of legumes is of great interest to farmers. The growth-promoting effects of the symbiosis of endophytic microorganisms in plants have been exploited in several crops. This study investigated the effects of Induratia sp. endophytic fungi on the growth and grain yield of seed-inoculated common bean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse during two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth and yield-related parameters such as plant height, root length, leaf index, number of days for flowering, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were evaluated. The grain yield of plants inoculated with Induratia coffeana strains CML 4018 and CML 4020 and Induratia sp. strain CML 4015 increased by 52.5%, 48.9%, and 56.4% compared to the non-inoculated control, respectively. Seed inoculation of common bean plants with endophytic fungi species of the genus Induratia showed a beneficial interaction as indicated by the recorded increase in grain yield. The present pioneering study could provide the means for developing crop management strategies for enhancing common bean crop productivity.
Index terms:
Endophytic fungi; growth promotion; Muscodor; Phaseolus vulgaris; volatile organic compounds.
... Over a decade, 22 species, including M. albus, have been described based on their morphology, DNA sequence data and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Worapong et al. 2001, 2002, Daisy et al. 2002a, b, Miller and Huhndorf 2005, Zhang et al. 2006, Mitchell et al. 2008, González et al. 2009, Suwannarach et al. 2010, 2010, Kudalkar et al. 2012, Meshram et al. 2013, Hongsanan et al. 2015, Chen et al. 2019, Pena et al. 2019. Muscodor species are distinguished based on culture characteristics such as the formation of ropy mycelium, right-angle branching and cauliflower-like or nondescript structures. ...
... et al.) from Thailand, with sexual morphs. Induratia coffeana (=Muscodor coffeanum) associated with the stems of Coffea arabica was introduced with a description of the sterile mycelium and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences (Hongsanan et al. 2015). Induratia coffeana has been reported from Brazil as an endophytic fungus (Monteiro et al. 2017). ...
... Notes -Phylogenetic tree of multiple loci confirmed that the strain MFLUCC13-0159 clustered within a branch that contains strain COAD 1842, the type material of I. coffeana (Samarakoon et al. 2020 (Hongsanan et al. 2015). Induratia coffeana has 2-celled ascospores with equal divisions, which differs from I. ziziphi, I. thailandica and I. apiospora (Samuels et al. 1987, Samarakoon et al. 2020). ...
An induratia-like fungus was collected in Thailand from a deadwood piece of an unidentified plant. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, rpb2, and β-tubulin sequence data and morphological characteristics showed that the fungus is Induratia coffeana. Induratia coffeana differs from I. ziziphi, I. thailandica and I. apiospora by its 2-celled ascospores with equal divisions. Full description, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of I. coffeana are provided. Induratia coffeana is reported herein as a new record for Thailand based on its sexual morph.
... The first species was isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum and identified as Muscodor albus (Sears et al. 2001). The genus has 26 described species so far (Zhang et al. 2010;Suwannarach et al. 2013;Saxena et al. 2015;Chen 2019;Samarakoon et al. 2020), including Muscodor coffeanun which is isolated from organic coffee plants from Brazil (Hongsanan et al. 2015). Recently, the genus Muscodor was transferred to Induratia, after phylogenetic studies carried out by Samarakoon et al. (2020) and two new species, Induratia thailandica and Induratia ziziphi, were described by these same authors. ...
Induratia spp. fungi have been poorly evaluated for their non-volatile secondary metabolites. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of non-volatile secondary metabolites released into the culture medium by Induratia spp. upon toxic alterations induced by Bothrops spp. venoms. B. atrox venom phospholipase was inhibited by Induratia spp. around 12 and 16%. The extracts of the two strains inhibited 12–25% of the hemolysis induced by B.moojeni venom. Thrombolysis was inhibited by 30–60% by the compounds present in both extracts. The coagulation induced by B. moojeni venom was prolonged by 26–41 s by the action of the extracts of I. coffeana. The fungal extracts did not exert any cytotoxic effect, nor did they induce any alteration in the other evaluated substrates show the potential use of non-volatile metabolites produced by the fungi evaluated as enzyme modulators, especially for proteases with a fundamental role in human hemostasis.
... has been widely reported as plantassociated fungi, where M. scabiosae was first isolated from Scabiosa sp. flower (Hongsanan et al. 2015;Tennakoon et al. 2016). The fact that M. scabiosae is a plant-associated fungus leads to a presumption that it lived inside the mangrove, then the spores fell into the water and were filtered by the sponge. ...
Sibero MT, Pribadi R, Larasati SJH, Calabon MS, Sabdono A, Subagiyo S, Frederick EH. 2021. Diversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5695-5605. Plenty of studies have reported interesting biological properties and bioactive compounds from sponge-associated fungi in Indonesia. However, only a few studies consider their biodiversity. Most of the studies collected the sponge from the coral reef ecosystem and barely reported from the mangrove ecosystem. This study aimed to discover the biodiversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove ecosystem using a DNA barcoding approach. Five mangrove-associated sponges were collected from a tidal mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. In total, we isolated 56 sponge-associated fungi, which consisted of seven genera in the phylum Ascomycota (77.78%), one genus in the phylum Basidiomycota (11.11%), and one genus in the phylum Mucoromycota (11.11%). Trichoderma (n: 15, 26.79%), Aspergillus (n: 13, 23.21%) and Fusarium (n: 12, 21.45%) were the top three dominant genera. In addition, based on the association of fungi to its sponge hosts, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma are sponge-generalists; Absidia and Pestalotiopsis are sponge-associates; while Lasiodiplodia, Montagnula, and Wallemia are sponge-specialist.
... In Brazil, Induratia coffeana, Induratia yucatanensis, and Induratia vitigena have been isolated from the stems and leaves of Coffea arabica (Hongsanan et al. 2015;Monteiro et al. 2017), and Induratia braziliensis has been isolated from the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius, a Brazilian medicinal plant (Pena et al. 2019). These species produce VOCs with antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma sp., Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Cercospora coffeicola, Pestalotia longisetula, Aspergillus ochraceus (Monteiro et al. 2017), and Penicillium digitatum (Pena et al. 2019). ...
Fungi belonging to the genus Induratia are endophytes that have received considerable attention because of the production of natural bioactive secondary metabolites, such as volatile compounds, with antimicrobial activity. In this study, we distinguished I. coffeana and Induratia sp. isolated from Coffea arabica in Brazil based on three-loci phylogeny, ITS, RPB2, and TUB2. The Induratia isolates showed high morphological plasticity and produced different volatile organic compounds, indicating that these compounds might not be correlated with their phylogenetic assignment. However, PLS-DA was able to discriminate Induratia isolates into three different clusters: one associated with I. coffeana and two with Induratia sp. Induratia isolates showed biofumigant activity against Botrytis cinerea with emphasis on I. coffeana (CML 4019), which inhibited the pathogenic fungus in postharvest strawberries. Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was also observed in filtrates and volatile compounds produced by Induratia isolates. Moreover, we observed that I. coffeana (CML 4019) metabolites showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. faecium and that extracts of seven other Induratia isolates reduced the pre-formed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
... M. applanata as the type species. Micropeltidaceae species have superficial, flattened, black-blue or greenish to black thyriothecia, easily removed from the host surface, poorly developed at the base, the wall comprising interwoven hyphae, with a central ostiole and ascospores are septate and hyaline (Wu et al. 2011;Hongsanan et al. 2015b;Hongsanan and Hyde 2017;Zeng et al. 2019). Micropeltidaceae comprises foliar, biotrophic epiphytes, which are mostly found on the lower leaf surface as small black dots . ...
... Notes: Micropeltis was introduced by Montagne (1842) as a member of the Pyrenomycetes group typified by M. applanata Zeng et al. 2019). Micropeltis species have dark brown to black or bluish to greenish ascomata, with the peridium comprising an irregular, meandering, arrangement of compact hyphae, and multi-septate ascospores (Wu et al. 2011;Hongsanan et al. 2015b). Ascospores 30-36 × 7-8 μm ( x = 34.5 × 7.5 μm, n = 25), crowded, cylindrical, 4-5-septate, constricted at the septa, head cell a little larger, tapering at the ends, surrounded by mucilaginous sheath. ...
... Ex-type strains are in bold and newly generated sequences are in red. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 60% and BYPP equal to or greater than 0.90 are given above the nodes Notes: The morphology of our collection fits with the generic concept of Micropeltis in having dark brown to black or bluish to greenish ascomata, with the peridium comprising an irregular, meandering, arrangement of compact hyphae, and multi-septate ascospores (Wu et al. 2011;Hongsanan et al. 2015b;Zeng et al. 2019). Multi-locus phylogeny indicates, Micropeltis ficina is distinct from other Micropeltis species and groups with M. asiatica and M. phethcaburiensis with 83% ML, 1.00 BYPP statistical support (Fig. 67). ...
This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae), Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.
... Fungal epiphyte sooty molds are widespread in tropical and subtropical areas on various plants (Schoch et al. 2009, Wu et al. 2011, Hyde et al. 2013, 2015a, 2016, Li et al. 2016, Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020. Species of epiphyte sooty molds are similar to sooty molds in having mycelium appressed to the host cuticle without penetrating host tissues for the uptake of nutrients. ...
A novel taxon was found as epiphytic sooty molds on Syngonium podophyllum from Thailand. A new genus, Alloscorias gen. nov. is established to accommodate a novel taxon, named A. syngonii. The morphological characters of the species are observed in culture. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2 sequence data together with morphological support that Alloscorias is a distinct genus within Readerielliopsidaceae (Capnodiales). Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided in this paper.
