Figure 2 - uploaded by Victor Hugo Rodriguez-Morelos
Content may be subject to copyright.
Micromorphology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi morphotypes associated with the rhizosphere of seedlings and mature trees of big-leaf mahogany. a) Ambispora gerdemannii, b) Acaulospora sp. 1, c) Acaulospora sp. 2, d) Acaulospora sp. 3, e) Acaulospora sp. 4, f) Acaulospora sp. 5, g) Acaulospora sp. 6, h) Acaulospora sp. 7, i) A. foveata, j) Gigaspora sp., k) Diversispora aurantium, l) Claroideoglomus etunicatum, m) S. sinuosum, n) R. fasciculatus, o) G. tenebrosum, p) Glomus sp. 1, q) Glomus sp. 2, r) Glomus sp. 3, s) Glomus sp. 4, t) Glomus sp. 5.
Source publication
BACKGROUND: Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is the woody species with the highest economic value in Latin America. Currently, it is subject to intensive exploitation, diminishing its natural populations. Due to this decline, the species is a preferred species for reforestation and establishment of commercial tropical plantations. Myc...
Similar publications
This article builds a theory of enviromateriality through a global ethnography that engages both the material culture and materiality of a tree species, Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), and the global political ecology of forest conservation. The author seeks to understand what Adorno calls the ‘constellation’ between people and mahogany...
Swietenia macrophylla yields high-quality wood; however, its vulnerability to
extinction coupled with challenges for its cultivation have brought attention to its replacement
for alternative species such as the Khaya anthotheca. The species has been recently introduced
to South America, with potential for the production of high-quality wood. Howeve...
p>The aqueous extracts of neem Azadirachta indica , eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus , telakucha Coccinia indica , mahogany Swietenia macrophylla and joba Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were used to evaluate their toxicity and physiological effects on fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared on ash gourd Benincasa hispida. The inv...
Trichilia tessmannii is an indigenous fruit tree found in the wild in South east and South south Nigeria. However, inadequate knowledge of its silviculture and threat of extinction due to deforestation from expanding agriculture are major problems of the species. This study was carried out to examine the effect of pre-treatment on germination T. te...
Citations
... So, fungal surveys based merely on spore observations from field-collected soils may be underestimated while combining both methods may yield more accurate results. The findings of the present investigation are consistent with the results of several authors who found higher AMF spore abundance and diversity in trap cultures than field soils (Costa et al., 2016;Muthukumar and Udaiyan, 2002;Rodríguez-Morelos et al., 2014;Songachan and Kayang, 2013). Ezawa et al., (2000) underlined the importance of trap culturing than observation of field-collected spores for the analysis of fungal communities because field spores are often damaged or infected by other soil microbes hence they may not be easily identified. ...
Soil and root samples were randomly collected from the rhizosphere of Calotropis procera (Calotropis) growing in two wild locations of Makueni and Tharaka-Nithi Counties, Kenya. The root samples were assessed for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization. The soil samples were analyzed for physic-chemical properties and screened for the presence, abundance and diversity of AMF. The AMF inoculum potentials of the soils were
determined using the bioassay test. The results depicted significant variations between the sites in soil pH, % sand, % clay, % silt, available P and Mg concentrations. These soil parameters had, generally, marked effects on AMF colonization, spore numbers and genus richness from the correlation analysis results. The Makueni site registered slightly higher mean spore densities than the Tharaka-Nithi site. Tharaka-Nithi site recorded relatively
higher genus richness and AMF root colonization percentage than the Makuenisite. Overall, 6 AMF genera were identified in the soils, of which 4 (Dentiscutata, Scutellospora, Glomus and Acaulospora) were discovered in both sites while 2 (Gigaspora and Rhizaphagous) occurred in Tharaka-Nithi site only. Glomus was comparatively dominant and ubiquitous in both sites. The genera Dentiscutata, Scutellospora, Glomus and Acaulospora could possibly be tested for suitability as mycorrhizal inoculants of Calotropis seedlings in the dry lands of Kenya.
... ) was identified whatever the phenological stage of mahogany (Rodríguez-Morelos et al., 2014). We recorded a VT ( ), previously reported as the dominant AMF in the mahogany plantations (Pereira et Diversispora aurantium FIRST PROOF (Hart & Reader, 2002;de Souza et al., 2005). ...
... al., 2014). Members of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, Gigasporaceae and Paraglomeraceae previously reported in mahogany rhizosphere were not found colonizing roots (Rodríguez-Morelos et al., 2014). These groups are characterized by a limited ability to colonize the roots 6 ...
Aim of study: (i) To investigate the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the roots of seed trees stands in a conserved and natural population of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), based on rDNA sequences; and (ii) to evaluate the dual colonization by AMF and dark septate fungi (DSF), showing the types of fungal colonization patterns in the dry season. Area of study: Tropical rainforest of Ejido Laguna Om, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Material and methods: We evaluated the AMF and DSF colonization in secondary root segments of ten adult trees of mahogany. We analysed the diversity of AMF in one composite sample of mahogany roots (three trees) using 18S rDNA gene with Illumina MiSeq platform. Main results: Through metabarcoding 14 virtual taxa belonging mainly to the genus Glomus and Diversispora were obtained, VTX00186 being the most abundant. The percentages of colonization for the different fungal structures were hyphae 80%, vesicles 18%, coils 2%, and arbuscules 0.5%; for DSF, 60% hyphae and 12% microsclerotia. The Paris-type colonization predominated with 61% in the roots. Research highlights: The knowledge of the AMF diversity present in natural mahogany forests will allow the selection of species for inoculation management seeking to enhance seedling survival and growth of this species.
... Under stressed condition, proline are osmolytes which can accumulate in the leaves and protect the plants from osmolysis. The higher proline content in seed inoculated and soil inoculated AM fungi in our study corroborates with Rodríguez-Morelos et al. (2014), who showed that inoculation of three native AM fungal species showed higher proline content compared to uninoculated plants. Additionally, Haghighi et al. (2022) reported proline and amino acid concentration was higher in AM fungal inoculated plants. ...
Commercial application of bio-stimulants like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is limited due to higher quantity of inoculum required per unit area and per crop. Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore seed coating has the advantage of lowering dosage while simultaneously improving growth and yield metrics. In the present study, seed coating of two native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated for the first time to improve the production of finger millet under water deficit conditions. Genomic DNA was isolated from native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sequenced using internal transcribe sequence primers. Seed coating method was standardized with different polymers. Combined and single inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evaluated along with soil application under water deficit conditions in finger millet. The biochemical, physiological, antioxidant properties and yield parameters were recorded. Root metabolites were analysed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry to identify the compounds responsible for drought mitigation due to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Two potential native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified as Rhizophagus irregularis (OQ428879.1) and Funneliformis sp. (OQ379911.1). Seed coating with combined inoculation of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in finger millet significantly improved plant growth, yield parameters and root colonization potential under 50% deficit irrigated conditions. Similarly, this dual inoculation improved soil glomalin-related proteins, phosphatase activity, chlorophyll stability index and antioxidant enzyme activity. Analysis of root metabolites of dual spore coated AM fungi showed the presence of different compounds with fatty acid biosynthesis as predominant pathway, whereas glycolysis metabolism was predominant in the root metabolites of AM fungi when applied as soil inoculum. Seed coating of Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis sp. not only reduced the dosage to a tune of 150 to 200 g for one hectare seeds but also increased yield of 14.52% and improved soil biochemical, physiological and antioxidant properties of finger millet under water deficit conditions.
... Por otro lado, se conoce que la edad de las plantas es un factor determinante en la composición de la estructura de las comunidades de HMA (Lu et al. 2019). Autores como Rodríguez-Morelos et al. (2014), trabajando con Swietenia macrophylla King, reportan una mayor diversidad de HMA en plantas maduras debido a que la probabilidad de ser colonizado por una comunidad más diversa de HMA aumenta con el tiempo en que los árboles han estado en los ecosistemas naturales; sin embargo, no hay consenso ya que Chakraborty et al. (2016) evidenciaron una mayor diversidad de HMA en árboles jóvenes de Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) ...
... Pruebas estadísticas entre clases diamétricas, entre épocas y para la interacción entre época y clase diamétrica. (Rodríguez-Morelos et al. 2014). Esto se ha mostrado con abetos, donde individuos con mayor edad pueden funcionar como ejes o centros de actividad "hub" Figura 2. Red de interacción ecológica con distribución por grado. ...
... de redes de micorrizas, importante para aportar a la conservación, regeneración y restauración de los bosques (Simard 2009). Estos resultados también se asemejan a los obtenidos por Rodríguez-Morelos et al. (2014) con Swietenia macrophylla King en un bosque húmedo tropical, donde encontraron una mayor diversidad de especies de HMA asociados en plantas maduras en comparación con las plántulas. ...
Gustavia romeroi es una especie endémica de Colombia que se encuentra en peligro de extinción por la conversión de bosques en sistemas agropecuarios, deforestación, fragmentación del hábitat y la caza de agentes dispersores, de la cual se desconocen sus interacciones edáficas siendo importantes para su conservación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el grado de asociación micorrícico arbuscular de G. romeroi, las interacciones ecológicas y morfoespecies de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) asociadas respecto a la edad de la planta en diferentes épocas. Se tomaron 72 muestras de suelo y raíces de cuatro clases diamétricas (plántula, juvenil, arbolito, árbol) en época seca y lluviosa; las variables fisicoquímicas, porcentaje de colonización y las comunidades micorrícicas se analizaron mediante una red de interacción y atributos ecológicos. La colonización varió de 14,9 a 92,9 %, con diferencias entre clases diamétricas en época de lluvias (p = 0,0061), siendo mayor en juveniles y arbolitos. Se registraron 79 morfoespecies HMA principalmente de los géneros Acaulospora y Glomus. No se encontraron diferencias en la composición de morfoespecies entre clases diamétricas en ninguna época, pero si entre épocas (p = 0,027). La red de interacciones ecológicas mostró morfoespecies particulares para épocas y clases diamétricas y también la formación de cuatro módulos. Se demostró la asociación simbiótica de G. romeroi con HMA y aspectos ecológicos como el anidamiento de morfoespecies de HMA y su modularidad, lo cual contribuye a entender la dinámica de la especie en su entorno natural y al mejoramiento de los planes para su conservación.
... Many taxa such as mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi may not grow or produce reproductive structures on artificial media even if they are potentially culturable (Allen et al., 2003;Senanayake et al., 2020). In addition to the aforementioned methods, spore identification is traditionally used to identify the rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rodríguez-Morelos et al., 2014;Xavier and Rodrigues, 2020). However, even though this method is important in fungal taxonomy, it is time-and energy-consuming and susceptible to variability in spore morphology description, because host species and microbial age may be very challenging to differentiate spores of similar species (Bhat et al., 2014;Senanayake et al., 2020). ...
Soil microbial communities play a vital role in ecosystem functioning by enhancing mineral nutrition and protecting forest trees against pathogens through mycorrhizal symbiosis. However, knowledge of the diversity and assemblage of belowground fungal communities associated with native host trees in tropical Africa is incomplete. Using high-throughput sequencing, this study examined soil fungal communities in the rhizosphere of five ectomycorrhizal trees (EcM) from (5) countries using ITS and LSU regions. Unconstrained ordination of fungal species was performed using principal component analysis based on their EcM tree rhizosphere affiliation. The ANOSIM test assessed the similarity between the fungal community composition associated with the EcM trees. Overall, 90 species belonging to 84 genera, 71 families, 40 orders and 4 phyla were identified. Soil fungal communities were host specific (P = 0.001). Basidiomycota were more frequently observed in the rhizosphere of Fabaceae, except for I. doka, whereas Ascomycota are more abundant in the rhizosphere of Phyllanthaceae (U. togoensis) and Dipterocarpaceae (M. kerstingii). The genus Sebacina is predominantly linked to M. kerstingii and I. tomentosa, while Russula is dominant under B. grandiflora and, Inocybe with I. tomentosa. This study provides new insights into in the rhizosphere of native forest trees in West Africa and highlights areas for future research.
... Ninety percent of AMF families registered for Mexico by Varela et al. (2019) and 74 % of families worldwide (Błaszkowski et al. 2015, Wijayawardene et al. 2020) are represented in the region. More than one half of genera reported for the world and for Mexico (> 64 % and > 80 %, respectively), and nearly one quarter of the species described throughout the world (22 %) and one half (49 %) of AMF species registered for Mexico (Montaño et al. 2012, Varela et al. 2019, Polo-Marcial et al. 2021, Schüβler 2022 are present in Oaxaca, surpassing the AMF species diversity registered for Chiapas, Tabasco, and Veracruz, which are the Mexican states with the highest fungal diversity reported to date (Varela et al. 2008, Rodríguez-Morelos et al. 2014, Salgado-García et al. 2014, Trejo et al. 2016, Bertolini et al. 2018, Posada et al. 2018. However, this trend may change, as the study and knowledge of AMF species diversity increase in the country, including tropical and subtropical regions and some other states (i.e., the State of Mexico) where AMF species diversity has been poorly explored. ...
... Polo-Marcial et al. (2021) have suggested that one possible explanation for the high species diversity of these families at both the state and national levels is that they are generally more associated with the Neotropical than with the Nearctic region. Acaulospora, Glomus, Sclerocystis, and Gigaspora were the genera with highest specific diversity in Oaxaca State ( Figure 2B), as observed in certain other Mexican states (Varela et al. 2008, Rodríguez-Morelos et al. 2014, Salgado-García et al. 2014, Trejo et al. 2016, Bertolini et al. 2018, Posada et al. 2018, and also in Mexico (Montaño et al. 2012, Varela et al. 2019, Polo-Marcial et al. 2021. Acaulospora and Glomus are usually the most frequent and those with greatest AMF diversity in studies on diversity around the world; they are cited as generalist and are capable of existing under environmental and edaphic changeable conditions (Bhardwaj et al. 1997, Carvalho et al. 2003, Escudero & Mendoza 2005. ...
Background:
Oaxaca, a southern State in Mexico, belongs to the Mesoamerican hotspot of biodiversity. The taxonomic and diversity knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Oaxaca State is scattered and accessibility to it is difficult.
Questions:
Which AMF species have been identified in Oaxaca and which is their distribution?
Studied species:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Study site:
State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Methods:
We prepared an updated and annotated checklist of the AMF species with frequency of occurrence and the sampling sites where the species had been registered. All studies carried out previously (to date, 2022) were considered. Information on AMF taxa was available in scattered form in different publications in physical and electronic media, theses, projects, technical reports, and scientific papers.
Results:
The checklist includes 78 species, distributed among 23 genera, 10 families, and four orders. The most diverse families were Glomeraceae (26 species), followed by Gigasporaceae (20) and Acaulosporaceae (15), whereas the most diverse genera were Acaulospora and Glomus (15 and eight species, respectively). The most frequent species were Funneliformis geosporus, Acaulospora scrobiculata, and A. spinosa. The highest species diversity has been reported under the rhizosphere of Agave angustifolia, A. karwinskii, and Zea mays (39, 36, and 34 species, respectively). A new AMF species was recently isolated from the rhizosphere of a microendemic agave.
Conclusions:
The recorded AMF species of Oaxaca State confirms its position as one of the states with the highest AMF species diversity of Mexico.
... This result was expected and might be explained by a short influence in terms of time period as well as by the small rhizosphere surfaces of seedlings. Similar results were already obtained, for example, for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the large tree Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) [40]. Although our analyses highlighted the stronger effect of trees on soil diversity, we did not identify significant differences between seedlings and trees for each plant species and each dataset when we compared the matrix compositions using a PERMANOVA (Table 1). ...
Miconia calvescens is a dominant invasive alien tree species that threatens several endemic plants in French Polynesia (South Pacific). While most analyses have been performed at the scale of plant communities, the effects on the rhizosphere have not been described so far. However, this compartment can be involved in plant fitness through inhibitory activities, nutritive exchanges, and communication with other organisms. In particular, it was not known whether M. calvescens forms specific associations with soil organisms or has a specific chemical composition of secondary metabolites. To tackle these issues, the rhizosphere of six plant species was sampled on the tropical island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia at both the seedling and tree stages. The diversity of soil organisms (bacteria, microeukaryotes, and metazoa) and of secondary metabolites was studied using high-throughput technologies (metabarcoding and metabolomics, respectively). We found that trees had higher effects on soil diversity than seedlings. Moreover, M. calvescens showed a specific association with microeukaryotes of the Cryptomycota family at the tree stage. This family was positively correlated with the terpenoids found in the soil. Many terpenoids were also found within the roots of M. calvescens, suggesting that these molecules were probably produced by the plant and favored the presence of Cryptomycota. Both terpenoids and Cryptomycota were thus specific chemicals and biomarkers of M. calvescens. Additional studies must be performed in the future to better understand if they contribute to the success of this invasive tree.
... También en México se han realizado estudios referentes a la presencia de estos importantes simbiontes en ecosistemas boscosos. Rodríguez-Morelos et al. (2014) muestrearon un fragmento de bosque lluvioso tropical con predominio de plántulas de Swietenia macrophylla King establecidas naturalmente cercana a la población de Maxacapan, en la región de los Tuxtlas, estado de Veracruz. Un total de 23 morfotipos de HMA correspondientes a tres órdenes y cuatro familias fueron observados en el estudio, y de los mismos, 11 pertenecieron al género Glomus, 10 a Acaulospora, y solo uno a los géneros Gigaspora y Ambispora. ...
... This is in line with recent molecular clock data placing the origin of the Glomeromycota at c. 659 Ma (715-606 Ma) and the onset of their diversification at c. 484 Ma (529-437 Ma) (Lutzoni et al., 2018). The present-day species of Ambispora all are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., Walker et al., 2007;Palenzuela et al., 2011;Oehl et al., 2012;Rodríguez-Morelos et al., 2014). Unfortunately, the fossil M. sphaerialoides gives no direct clue as to its nutritional (trophic) mode. ...
Glomeromycotan propagules (spores) are morphologically diverse in the Early Devonian Rhynie chert; however, only relatively few of these fossils have been documented and critically evaluated. This study re-examines propagules previously described informally as ‘reproductive unit 1’, and identified as glomeromycotan acaulospores borne within the neck of a sporiferous saccule. Size and morphology, spore wall structure, and the close association of specimens in land plant axes with small glomoid spores, are solid arguments for affinities of ‘reproductive unit 1’ to the Ambisporaceae (Archaeosporales). Moreover, the acaulospores correspond morphologically to Mycokidstonia sphaerialoides, a Rhynie chert fossil originally interpreted as an ascomycete perithecium that, consequently, is redefined here as a member of the Glomeromycota conspecific with ‘reproductive unit 1’. The diagnosis for M. sphaerialoides is emended to be compliant with glomeromycotan taxonomy; features of the saccule, acaulospore wall, and associated glomoid spores are included. An epitype is also designated. Mycokidstonia sphaerialoides adds to an increasing body of fossil data depicting Devonian Glomeromycota as a diverse fungal lineage which is likely to have been an ecologically important constituent of early terrestrial ecosystems.
... The carrier materials used for the propagation of mycorrhiza inoculants are husk charcoal, straw, soil, sand, zeolite, vermiculite, and biochar [7][8][9]. The spores to be used as inoculants can be produced in pot culture [10,11], maize [12] , kudzu [13], Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) [14]. ...
Mycorrhiza which plays a role in increasing P uptake of plants and also as a soil amendment to rehabilitate degraded lands. This research was conducted with the aim of isolating, characterizing, and purifying mycorrhiza from two different soil types. The results showed that the mycorrhiza species found were Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, Sclerocytis rubiformis . A completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 6 treatments were applied into two types of soil, was Lombok soil and Parung soil. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 36 experimental units. Treatments given were as follow: (1) Without mycorrhiza and without P source (Control); (2) fertilizer SP-36; (3) Mycofer mycorrhiza; (4) Mycofer Mycorrhiza + SP 36 fertilizer; (5) Mikorbi mycorrhiza from Lombok; (6) Mikorbi mycorrhiza from Lombok + SP 36 fertilizer. The results showed that combination mikorbi mycorrhiza and fertilizer SP 36 on Parung soil can increase stover production by 57.35% compared to control, by 9.73% compared to the mycofer mycorrhiza and fertilizer SP 36. The results showed that mycorrhiza is suitable to use in soils with low P content, so that they could help increase the availability of P in the soil and be easily absorbed by plants.
