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Micromorphological features of Campanella burkei (Holotype, BAP 632). a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia and basidioles. Scale bar = 10 µm Material examined-AFRICA. Príncipe, Bom Bom Island Resort area, along trail to top of island, 20 April 2008, coll. by D.E. Desjardin and B.A. Perry, BAP 632 (Holotype, MF100970, SFSU). Notes-Campanella v.s. Tetrapyrgos v.s. Marasmiellus Sect. Candidi-Wilson and Desjardin (2005) provided nLSU sequence data that showed that Marasmiellus candidus (Fr.) Singer, type species of Marasmiellus Sect. Candidi Singer, was not closely related to the type species of Marasmiellus, M. juniperinus Murrill, but rather was sister to several species of Tetrapyrgos (1.0 PP, 99% BS support) in a clade sister to all other gymnopoid fungi. Subsequently, Mata et al. (2007) confirmed the distant relationship of M. candidus to M. juniperinus with ITS sequence data, but suggested that M. candidus was sister to Mycetinis. In a taxonomic revision of Tetrapyrgos supported with ITS sequence data, Honan et al. (2015) reported M. candidus as sister to Campanella (0.92 PP support), but embedded within Tetrapyrgos. They acknowledged the difficulty in distinguishing species of Campanella from Tetrapyrgos, and suggested that they may represent a single genus (Campanella has nomenclatural priority), but hesitated to accept the synonymy until the type species of both genera were clearly circumscribed with morphological and molecular data. They encouraged further studies incorporating a broad sampling of Campanella species and members of Marasmiellus Sect. Candidi. Singer (1973) accepted four species in Sect. Candidi, and additional taxa were added later (Singer 1989, Desjardin et al. 1992, Antonín et al. 2010). Our ITS data set (Fig. 1) contains four species of Tetrapyrgos, two of Campanella, four of Marasmiellus, and the new species from Príncipe.
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Thirty-one species of gymnopoid fungi are reported from the African island nation, Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Ten represent new species (Arrhenia cystidiata, Callistosporium elegans, Campanella burkei, Gymnopus billbowesii, G. hirtelloides, G. irresolutus, G. mustachius, G. ocellus, G. pleurocystidiatus, G. rodhallii), four are new nomencla...
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... Morphologically, Collybiopsis rodhalli can be characterized by having small sized, hemispherical to broadly convexed basidiomata with decurved margin, light reddish brown to light brown coloration, dull and dry surface, ellipsoid basidiospores and large clavate, fusoid basidia. Morphologically, our specimen showed closed resemblance with the description provided by Desjardin and Perry (2017), in having broadly convex, with decurved margins, ellipsoidal to sublacrymoid and clavate basidia. Moreover, phylogenetic identity also support the species. ...
... Caulocystidia cylindrical to clavate. Pleurocystidia absent Our Pakistani specimen morphologically showed closed resemblance with the description provided by Desjardin and Perry (2017). The old name of Paramarasmius palmivorus is Marasmiuspalmivorus Sharples. ...
... In Initial BLAST search results, our specimen C. rodhallii (RIR1) showed maximum similarity 98.31% with the sequence of C. rodhallii (MF100982) described from West Africa, M. trichotus (AN#05) showed 99% similarity with M. trichotus(KX953749) sequence deposited from USA and P. palmivorus (W2a) showed 99.85% similarity with P. palmivorus (MN559682) deposited from Pakistan. To construct the phylogenetic analysis sequences were retrieved following initial blast result and adding other published sequences from Desjardin and Perry (2017) and Wannathes et al., (2009). So, the final dataset consist of 36 ingroup sequences andOmphalotus japonicus (KJ713987) was used as outgroup. ...
During our ongoing efforts to explore macrofungal diversity of Pakistan, two new records i.e. Collybiopsis rodhallii and Marasmius trichotus were collected and identified using morphological and molecular characterization. Their detailed description and illustration are provided. In addition, phylogenetic analysis using nrITS data also support the identity of these new records. Previously, only three species of Collybiopsis and thirteen Marasmius have been described from Pakistan. Moreover, Paramarasmius palmivours which has already been reported from Pakistan is now recorded from a different locality district Mandi Bahauddin of Pakistan during this study. The aim of this study is to accurately identify saprobic fungi of Pakistan using morphological and molecular tool and contribute towards exploration of fungal diversity of Pakistan.
... Jayawardena et al. (2022) divided Tricholomopsis into five clades: Rubroaurantiaca, Decora, Rutilans, Scabra, and Aurea. To date, approximately 40 species have been recognised from Africa (Pegler 1977;Desjardin 2017), Asia (Hongo 1959(Hongo , 1960(Hongo , 1966He 1989;Liu 1994;Hosen et al. 2020;Mao et al. 2021;Wang and Yang 2023), Australia (Horak 1971;Cooper and Park 2016), Europe (Singer 1939;Holec 2009;Olariaga et al. 2015;Vizzini et al. 2019), North America (Singer 1943(Singer , 1951Thiers 1958;Smith 1960), and South America (Singer 1953(Singer , 1989Horak 1980;Pegler 1983;Garrido 1988;Singer et al. 1990;Jayawardena et al. 2022). In China, 14 species of Tricholomopsis, including eight novel species (T. ...
The order Agaricales was divided into eight suborders. However, the phylogenetic relationships among some suborders are largely unresolved, and the phylogenetic positions and delimitations of some taxa, such as Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, remain unsettled. In this study, sequence data of 38 genomes were generated through genome skimming on an Illumina sequencing system. To anchor the systematic position of Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, a phylogenetic analysis based on 555 single-copy orthologous genes from the aforementioned genomes and 126 publicly accessible genomes was performed. The results fully supported the clustering of Tricholomopsis with Phyllotopsis and Pleurocybella within Phyllotopsidaceae, which formed a divergent monophyletic major lineage together with Pterulaceae, Radulomycetaceae, and Macrotyphula in Agaricales. The analysis also revealed that Sarcomyxaceae formed a unique major clade. Therefore, two new suborders, Phyllotopsidineae and Sarcomyxineae, are proposed for the two major lineages. Analyses of 450 single-copy orthologous genes and four loci suggested that Tricholomopsis consisted of at least four clades. Tricholomopsis is subsequently subdivided into four distinct sections. Seventeen Tricholomopsis species in China, including six new species, are reported. Conoloma is established to accommodate T. mucronata. The substrate preference of Tricholomopsis species and the transitions of the pileate ornamentations among the species within the genus are discussed.
... As far as tropical Africa is concerned, R. brasiliensis is the sole species currently reported for the continent (Pegler 1977, Desjardin & Perry 2017. Pegler (1977) reported the species from Eastern Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda), whereas Desjardin & Perry (2017) reported it from a medium elevation forest of the western insular São Tomé. ...
... As far as tropical Africa is concerned, R. brasiliensis is the sole species currently reported for the continent (Pegler 1977, Desjardin & Perry 2017. Pegler (1977) reported the species from Eastern Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda), whereas Desjardin & Perry (2017) reported it from a medium elevation forest of the western insular São Tomé. It is noteworthy that Pegler (1977) described the African specimens without cystidia. ...
... It is noteworthy that Pegler (1977) described the African specimens without cystidia. Based on the known distribution, R. brasiliensis in tropical Africa (sensu Pegler 1977, Desjardin & Perry 2017 is likely an Afromontane species. ...
A new species of Ripartitella, R. degreefii, is proposed based on phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological evidence from specimens collected in medium elevation (1000 to 2100 masl) forests of the Albertine Rift, in the Democratic Republic of Congo and São Tomé (Africa). The species is described and compared to phylogenetically related or morphologically similar species.
... Gymnopus ugandensis (Pegler) Desjardin & B. A. Perry,Mycosphere,8(9): 1379 (Desjardin and Perry 2017). ...
... The species is morphologically similar to C. ugandensis (MF100986) by its convex pileus, dull, dry and glabous surface, adnate lamellae, apex white to buff and stipe base reddish brown in color, but C. ugandensis differs by its smaller ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5-8.0 × 3.5-4.0 µm), larger broadly clavate with apically diverticulate cheilocystidia (24-42 × 11-20(-22) µm), absence of pleurocystidia, pileipellis ramealis-type, with slightly smaller thin-walled caulocystidia (Desjardin and Perry 2017). In ITS and combined (ITS + nrLSU) phylograms, C. pakistanica was identified as a distinct taxon. ...
... The former taxon possesses a broadly convex pileus with brown fibrils on the disc and eccentric larger stipe (2.2-3.3 cm in length). Furthermore, it has sub-cylindrical to elongate-ellipsoid or subfusoid basidiospores, larger sub-cylindrical or fusoid, pedicellate and obtuse hymenial cheilo-and pleurocystidia (45-60 µm in length) and larger caulocystidia (22-64(-86) µm) (Desjardin and Perry 2017). ...
A new species, Collybiopsis pakistanica, from Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan, is described based on micro‐morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This species is characterized by its milky white pileus, yellowish orange or light yellow to orange at central disc and margins, lacrymoid basidiospores, cheilocystidia with median construction, and broadly utriform and clavate to narrowly utriform pleurocystidia and epithelioid hymeniderm pileipellis. Its placement as a new taxon of Collybiopsis is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nrLSU sequences. Two new combinations, Collybiopsis ugandensis and Collybiopsis pleurocystidiata are also proposed as these species are transferred from Gymnopus.
... Marasmius palmivorus (Sharples) are primarily phytopathogens that are basidiomycetous fungus belonging to the order Agaricales. Marasmius palmivorus has been found to infect monocotyledonous plants particularly the oil (Elaeis guieneensis) and coconut palms (Cocos nucifera); (Desjardin and Perry 2017;Pham et al. 2020), which caused palm bunch, stem rot diseases (Almaliky et al. 2013) and post-harvest disease in oil palms (Sharples 1928;Pong et al. 2012). The occurrence of the disease caused by M. palmivorus in India has been reported for the first time and only from an oil-palm plantation in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Reddy et al. 1987) and is commonly manifested with the appearance of white mycelial strands and fan-shaped rhizomorphs growing on the infected parts of the plants. ...
... The vegetative structures of the fungus were observed by examining hyphal structures under a light microscope (Zeiss A2 AxioImager.A2 microscope equipped with an AxioCamERc5s camera and Imager Software). Microscopic identification was carried out using standard references as described by Desjardin and Perry (2017) and Sharples (1928). ...
... The genus Gymnopus (Pers. 1801: 302) Roussel (1806: 62) is a large group in the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), including a lot of collybioid and marasmioid species , Antonín & Noordeloos 2010, Mešić et al. 2011, Antonín et al. 2013, Petersen & Hughes 2016, Coimbra et al. 2015, Ryoo et al. 2016, Desjardin & Perry 2017, Oliveira et al. 2019and Ryoo et al. 2020. There are 377 records listed in Index Fungorum, and about 325 species are accepted according to He et al. (2019). ...
Gymnopus wutaishanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from north China. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences supported the establishment of the new species and positioned it in Gymnopus sect. Impudicae. Morphologically, this new species is diagnosed by the combination of basidiomata with tangy and unpleasant odor when fresh, pale orange to pinkish brown pileus, white and relatively dense lamellae, hairy stipes and small basidiospores of (4–)5–6(–7) × (2–)2.5–4 μm.
... For descriptions of P. palmivorus see e.g. Sharples (1928), Desjardin and Perry (2017), Dutta and Acharya (2018), and Maizatul-Suriza et al. (2021). ( Selected descriptions in literature. ...
... × 5.5-6.9(-7.5) µm, Q = 1.8], clavate cheilocystidia with apical setulae and a pileipellis in the form of a cutis without differentiated terminal cells and cylindrical to clavate or fusoid caulocystidia (Desjardin and Perry 2017;Dutta and Acharya 2018). It grows parasitically on Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ...
... (Almaliky et al. 2012;Maizatul-Suriza et al. 2021) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Dutta and Acharya 2018); Desjardin and Perry (2017) mentioned it as growing on rotten coconut palm wood or fruits and on leaves and stems of banana. Wilson and Desjardin (2005) proposed an invalid combination Marasmiellus palmivorus (Sharpless) Desjardin comb. ...
Specimens of Marasmiellus mesosporus from various parts of the world were morphologically and phylogenetically studied. The results confirmed its identity with M. dunensis, described from southern Europe, and M. arenaceus, described from Japan. Marasmiellus mesosporus is a fungus connected with coastal sandy dunes having a wide distribution being collected in southeastern North America, Lesser and Greater Antilles, Pacific Islands, southern Europe and South and East Asia. Its comparison with phylogenetically and morphologically related species is provided. A new genus Paramarasmius containing P. palmivorus, as the type species, and P. mesosporus is described on the base of phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. A new combination Collybiopsis carneopallida is also proposed.
... Here we generated eight nrITS sequences from basidiomata of Lactocollybia variicystis collected from Pakistan during 2016-18. The species was originally described from South Africa, (Reid & Eicker 1998) and later reported from Spain (Menorca, with a Mediterranean climate) and equatorial west Africa (São Tomé, with a tropical maritime climate) (Salom & Siquier 2014;Desjardin & Perry 2017;Chou & al. 2020). This report of its occurrence (from a subtropical dry climate on loamy soil of Pakistan) represents the fourth worldwide and the first from Asia. ...
... The Pakistani L. variicystis has a pileus slightly depressed at the center, in contrast to the broadly umbonate pilei of the São Tomé specimens of L. variicystis collected from decaying banana and cacao plants in a hot, humid, tropical maritime climate (Desjardin & Perry 2017). Other features shared by the Pakistani and São Tomé collections are golden gloeosystem elements with central swellings and narrow edges scattered throughout the pileus and stipe. ...
During surveys of macrofungi in Pakistan, eight specimens belonging to the genus Lactocollybia were collected from the plains of Punjab and foothills of Murree. Morphological studies and molecular characterization refer all collections to a single species, Lactocollybia variicystis, previously restricted to Africa and Europe; this is the first report from Asia. Except for geography, no significant differences were found among African, European, and Pakistani collections.
... Marasmiellus subramealis differs by its narrowly adnexed to subfree lamellae, wider spores, cheilocystidia only up to 55 × 21 µm, slightly thicker hyphae of upper stipe portion and longer caulocystidia (Singer & Digilio 1951, Singer 1973. African Gymnopus ugandensis (= Marasmiellus ugandensis) differs by having a brown stipe, shorter basidiospores, 5 -7.5 × 2.5 -3.5 μm, narrower cheilocystidia and different caulocystidia (Pegler 1977, Desjardin & Perry 2017. Marasmiellus antarcticus differs by its glabrous pileus, smaller cheilocystidia; and caulocystidia of different size and shape (Singer 1969). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Agaricus albofoetidus , Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii , Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis , Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis , Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola , Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis , Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula . Canada , Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea . Czech Republic , Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia . France , Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India , Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel , Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata . Italy , Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands , Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus , Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella , Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis , Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum , Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae , Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris . Norway , Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal , Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa , Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii . Spain , Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum , Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa , Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden , Alpova larskersii , Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand , Russula banwatchanensis , Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine , Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis . USA , Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Out of 19 species of Lactocollybia, only few sequences were deposited in Gen Bank (L. variicystis not included) (Hosen et al., 2016;Desjardin and Perry, 2017). However, the family Marasmiaceae and its genus Lactocollybia are unknown in Iraq. ...
... Water and Melzer's reagent were used for microscopy. Identification of the fungal specimens were performed according to relevant sources (Singer et al., 1990;Reid and Eicker, 1998;Salom and Siquir, 2014;Rommelaars, 2014;Hosen et al., 2016;Senthilarasan and Kumaresan, 2016;Desjardin and Perry, 2017;Usman, 2018) and were confirmed by molecular analysis. ...
... L. variicystis was rarely observed in the study area. This species was found in Spain (Salom and Siquier, 2014), West Africa (Desjardin and Perry, 2017), South Africa (Reid and Eicker, 1998), Germany (Glaser, 2016) and Pakistan (Usman, 2018). However, reports on L.variicystis are not available from the middle east, India (Farook et al., 2013, Debnath et al., 2020 and China (Hosen et al., 2016). ...
A rare agaric, Lactocollybia variicystis D.A. Reid and Eicker (Family: Marasmiaceae) is identified as a new record to Iraqi macromycota, based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Descriptions, color photographs, comments and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA sequence data are given.
