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A well-known complication in the oil reservoir during oil production is asphaltene deposition in and around the production wellbore. Deposition of asphaltene around the production wellbore may cause a significant pressure drop and in turn loss of efficiency in the production process. Various mechanical and chemical methods have been employed in ord...
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... Therefore, it is imperative to consider both colloidal stabilization and solvation. On the other hand, several studies have confirmed that ultrasonic radiation reduces the size of asphaltene flocs and aggregates [25,37,75,76] and chemically converts asphaltene into resin and lighter hydrocarbons [77]. The reduction in asphaltene aggregate sizes depends on the radiation time, with the optimum radiation time leading to minimized asphaltene flocculation rates and floc sizes. ...
Production from heavy oil reservoirs faces challenges, such as accumulating heavy hydrocarbon materials like asphaltenes near the wellbore, resulting in low recovery rates. To enhance recovery and prevent formation damage, methods often focus on reducing oil viscosity. Solvents and ultrasonic waves have proven effective in this regard, though challenges related to asphaltene aggregation and structural changes persist. This study explores the impact of simultaneously applying ultrasonic radiation and solvents on crude oil's viscosity and asphaltene structure. Toluene and n-heptane, representing aromatic and paraffinic solvents, were employed. Viscosity measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests were conducted on sonicated crude oil diluted with solvents and solvent-diluted crude oil subjected to sonication. Results were compared to untreated and separately treated crude oil samples. The study found that the most effective viscosity reduction method involved blending sonicated oil with toluene under optimal radiation time and concentration conditions. Two primary mechanisms for viscosity reduction were identified. Firstly, there was the dissolution and aggregation of asphaltene clusters. Secondly, chemical changes in asphaltene molecular structure were observed, altering the ratio of aromatic rings to aliphatic chains. This research offers potential insights into how ultrasonication and solvation interact to modify crude oil structure.
... The authors also showed that the geometry of the pore space significantly affects the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment. Using a micromodel with an ultrasonic device, the oscillations reverse asphaltene deposition on the pore wall and remove asphaltenes from the pore channel, increasing oil production [33]. Micromodels allow one to visually demonstrate the influence of a nonlinear load in a flat, artificially porous medium. ...
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the filtration of reservoir fluid through the rocks under the influence of nonlinear loads. A laboratory rig is assembled that allows for modeling the flow of fluid from the reservoir into the well during the propagation of elastic waves from the well. It is shown that depending on the permeability of the rock matrix as well as on the concentration of paraffins and asphaltenes in crude oil, the effect of the nonlinear load is different. Three types of sandstone are studied: low, medium, and high permeability. The greatest influence of nonlinear loads is observed in high-permeability sandstone. The effect manifests itself in fully unblocking the pore space from paraffins and asphaltenes accumulated in pore throats and restoring the oil permeability to its original value. In the case of medium-permeability sandstone subjected to nonlinear loads, blocking of the pore space is slow. In the case of low-permeability sandstone, the impact of nonlinear loads does not have a significant effect. When studying water filtration in the presence of residual oil saturation, the effect of nonlinear loads is observed as a mobilization of additional oil not previously involved in the filtration process, which also leads to an increase in the water permeability of the rock.
... Laboratory studies of ultrasonic treatment of formation damage are mainly conducted in one of two ways: in microfluidics/micromodels (capillary dominated flow) [23,19] or in a coreflooding experiment [24,25,20,26,27,28,29] . Glass micromodels have characteristics that are comparable to those of sandstone reservoir rock [6] and may be utilized to observe processes at the pore level under dynamic settings. ...
... In another recent micromodel study, Rezaei Dehshibi et al. [23] studied the effects of ultrasonic waves on the removal asphaltene deposition. While asphaltene was precipitating in the micromodel, it was sonicated at a frequency of 30 kHz and a power of 100 W. Images were shown for which ultrasound inhibited asphaltene deposition, and it was believed that the mechanism underlying ultrasound's increased oil recovery was mostly vibrations. ...
... The solution was then weighed, and the extracted asphaltene added to the main solution at a ratio of around 4.5% of its weight. [23,37] . Then the solutions were homogenized by mixing with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min. ...
Asphaltene deposition around the wellbore is a major cause of formation damage, especially in heavy oil reservoirs Ultrasonic stimulation, rather than chemical injection, is thought to be a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly means of removing asphaltene deposition. However, it seems to be unclear how crucial features like reservoir pore geometries and ultrasonic parameters affect this ultrasound treatment.
In this work, five two-dimensional glass micromodels with different pore geometries were designed to assess the impact of pore geometries on the ultrasonic removal of asphaltene deposition. Experiments were undertaken in an ultrasound bath at a set frequency (20 kHz) and adjustable powers (100 - 1000 W). Direct image analysis before, during and after sonication was used to assess the impact of pore geometry and a change in ultrasonic parameter on the removal of asphaltene deposition. The effectiveness of ultrasound treatment at various sonication periods were found to be reliant on the pore geometries of the individual micromodels. For micromodels with throat sizes 300 µm and pore shapes as circle, square and triangle, an increase in ultrasonic power from 400 to 1000 watt resulted in an increase in the percentage of removed asphaltene deposition after 2 hours from 12.6 to 14.7, 11.5 to 14.63, and 5.8 to 7.1 percent, respectively.
... 25 Nowadays, improvement of crude oil production by pulse water injection has already been verified by many experiments, but the specific factors which affect the production are still relatively unknown. Mohebbi et al. 26 proposed that the frequency parameter of the pulse wave affects the recovery rate by controlling the asphaltene deposition through the ultrasonic experiment. Agi et al. 27 found that intermittent pulse water injection enhanced oil recovery better than the continuous pulse. ...
Pulse water injection is widely used in tertiary oil recovery. This study aims to reduce the pulse frequency, control the pulse frequency at 0.033∼0.1 Hz, simulate the pressure change in the formation at 0.1 Hz and 100 mD through COMSOL, and combine the core displacement experiment to determine the frequency. The effect of permeability change on the recovery factor of the water cut agent is summarized as follows: when the pulse frequency is 0.033∼0.066 Hz, the recovery factor of 100, 300, and 500 mD increases by 0.25, 0.34, and 0.39 percentage points, respectively, and these data can be of low frequency. The method proposed in this paper can provide certain theoretical basis and basic experimental data for tertiary oil recovery.
... Ultrasonic radiation as an economical and emerging method has been considered by many studies in petroleum science and technology [43][44][45][46][47][48][49], especially for EOR purposes [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. One of the mechanisms for oil recovery by ultrasonic waves is removing the oil from the pore wall into the flow of fluid. ...
... Furthermore, asphaltene precipitation was simulated in a porous medium and the elimination of that by the energy of ultrasonic waves was studied. The outcomes showed a notable decrease in asphaltene precipitation in the reservoir, which could be obtained by applying the ultrasound energy [56]. Although the application of ultrasonic radiation for EOR purposes has been studied before [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], its synergic effects with surfactant and NPs for wettability alteration of carbonate rocks have not been studied. ...
... The outcomes showed a notable decrease in asphaltene precipitation in the reservoir, which could be obtained by applying the ultrasound energy [56]. Although the application of ultrasonic radiation for EOR purposes has been studied before [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], its synergic effects with surfactant and NPs for wettability alteration of carbonate rocks have not been studied. ...
The impact of ultrasonic radiation, as an emerging enhanced oil recovery technique, on reservoir fluid properties is of great importance in petroleum engineering. Although the effect of sonication on fluid properties has been widely investigated, the wettability alteration of carbonate rocks via different solutions under ultrasonic radiation has not been considered. In this study, the synergic impact of ultrasonic radiation on the wettability alteration of carbonate rocks was studied by using distilled water, seawater, SDS surfactant, silica nanoparticles, and SDS surfactant–silica nanoparticles solutions. Variance analysis showed that all parameters under ultrasonic radiation, including types of water, surfactant solution, nanoparticles, sonication time, and temperature, were meaningful and had influences on the wettability alteration. The contact angle decreased notably by raising the temperature and sonication time. Ultrasonic waves improved the elimination of chemisorbed fatty acids on the surface, and this could be one of the mechanisms of wettability alteration by the ultrasonic application.
... Regarding emulsionforming technology, ultrasonic cavitation is a wellknown and proven technology capable of transforming the immiscible liquids into stable droplets. Ultrasonic waves vaporize the particles by the drastic reduction of pressure, which modifies the conformation, providing the oil dispersion in water (Dehshibi et al., 2018). ...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of gum arabic by modified starches on the spray-drying microencapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil. The ultrasound-assisted emulsions were prepared with 30% (w/w) of wall material, 7.5% (w/w) of oil load, and 1:1 (w/w) replacement ratio for all treatments. After 16 hours, the incompatibility observed between gum arabic and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch did not affect the obtained microparticles, since the treatment with OSA starch, partially replacing gum arabic, showed the best results for the process yield and for the oil charge retention after spray-drying process, and the treatment showed Newtonian viscosity close to that of the treatment prepared with gum arabic. Maltodextrin dextrose equivalent 10 (10DE) shows an oil load similar to that of the treatment with gum arabic, while the presence of maize maltodextrin DE20 reduces the content of encapsulated oil and the efficiency of the drying process due to the adherence of particles to the chamber. Therefore, the partial substitution of gum arabic is an alternative for the formation of emulsions, for the spray-drying microencapsulation of lemongrass essential oil.
... Other effects of ultrasonic waves are including vibrations between molecular bonds in oil and reduced paraffin deposition (Roberts and Sharma 1996;Champion, Van Der Bas, and Nitters 2003;Fan and Zhiping 2006). Ultrasonic waves are also very effective in dewatering water/oil emulsions (Antes et al. 2017) and breaking asphaltene clusters in crude oil (Mousavi et al. 2012;Dehshibi et al. 2018). George Box et al. developed the response surface methodology in the 1950s, and other researchers have conducted extensive studies (Carter et al. 1986;Gunst 1996;Del Castillo and Cahya 2001;Box and Draper 2007). ...
2021): A comparative study of mathematical and ANFIS models to determine the effect of ultrasonic waves on the viscosity of crude oil, Petroleum Science and Technology, ABSTRACT Increasing fuel consumption, industrial development, and population have led to energy supply problems. Hence, the recovery of oil reservoirs has been considered in recent years. One of the most effective methods in crude oil recovery is the use of ultrasonic waves. Viscosity is a significant physical property of crude oil because the crude oil with high viscosity can make serious problems in transportation pipelines. In addition to the effect of ultrasonic waves on viscosity, ultrasonic radiation leads to molecular bond vibrations in the oil and reduces paraffin deposition and clogged pores. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the viscosity of crude oil was investigated. Three transmission functions such as Inverse Square Root, Natural Log and Square Root, and ANFIS model were used to predict the viscosity of crude oil. The adequacy of the three mathematical models and the ANFIS model were proved by statistical analysis including low P-values (<0.05), high F-values and R 2 values. According to the results, the ANFIS model and Inverse Square Root transmission function showed better agreement with experimental data compared to the other two models.
... Other effects of ultrasonic waves are including vibrations between molecular bonds in oil and reduced paraffin deposition (Roberts and Sharma 1996;Champion, Van Der Bas, and Nitters 2003;Fan and Zhiping 2006). Ultrasonic waves are also very effective in dewatering water/oil emulsions (Antes et al. 2017) and breaking asphaltene clusters in crude oil (Mousavi et al. 2012;Dehshibi et al. 2018). George Box et al. developed the response surface methodology in the 1950s, and other researchers have conducted extensive studies (Carter et al. 1986;Gunst 1996;Del Castillo and Cahya 2001;Box and Draper 2007). ...
Increasing fuel consumption, industrial development, and
population have led to energy supply problems. Hence, the
recovery of oil reservoirs has been considered in recent years.
One of the most effective methods in crude oil recovery is the
use of ultrasonic waves. Viscosity is a significant physical prop-
erty of crude oil because the crude oil with high viscosity can
make serious problems in transportation pipelines. In addition
to the effect of ultrasonic waves on viscosity, ultrasonic radi-
ation leads to molecular bond vibrations in the oil and
reduces paraffin deposition and clogged pores. In this study,
the effect of ultrasonic waves on the viscosity of crude oil was
investigated. Three transmission functions such as Inverse
Square Root, Natural Log and Square Root, and ANFIS model
were used to predict the viscosity of crude oil. The adequacy
of the three mathematical models and the ANFIS model were
proved by statistical analysis including low P-values (<0.05),
high F-values and R2 values. According to the results, the
ANFIS model and Inverse Square Root transmission function
showed better agreement with experimental data compared
to the other two models.
... However, implementing these techniques (with the exception of MEOR) requires massive energy consumption for the generation of steam, the use of costly chemicals, a huge quantity of fresh water, and expensive equipment for their groundworks, which increases the oil price and the associated ecological risks [38]. Modern technologies, such as seismic [39] or sonic stimulations [40], and electromagnetic methods [41], are also currently being implemented. These methods are discussed in detail elsewhere, and this article focuses only on the microbial method. ...
Crude oil is a major energy source that is exploited globally to achieve economic growth.
To meet the growing demands for oil, in an environment of stringent environmental regulations and economic and technical pressure, industries have been required to develop novel oil salvaging techniques. The remaining ~70% of the world’s conventional oil (one-third of the available total petroleum) is trapped in depleted and marginal reservoirs, and could thus be potentially recovered and used. The only means of extracting this oil is via microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). This tertiary oil recovery method employs indigenous microorganisms and their metabolic products to enhance oil mobilization. Although a significant amount of research has been undertaken on MEOR,
the absence of convincing evidence has contributed to the petroleum industry’s low interest, as evidenced by the issuance of 400+ patents on MEOR that have not been accepted by this sector. The majority of the world’s MEOR field trials are briefly described in this review. However, the presented research fails to provide valid verification that the microbial system has the potential to address the identified constraints. Rather than promising certainty, MEOR will persist as an unverified concept unless further research and investigations are carried out.
... At a frequency of 1266 cm − 1 , there is a sharp peak, which is due to the overlap of two peaks, N-H bending and C-N stretching and corresponds to the secondary amide group. At 1469 cm − 1 and 1377 cm − 1 , two intense peaks also appeared, corresponding to the asymmetric bending of the C-H group and the symmetric bending of the C-H group, respectively which confirm the presence of paraffinic compounds in asphaltene A (Dehshibi et al., 2018). ...
Asphaltene, as a destructive fraction of crude oil, reduces productivity by deposition in wells, pipelines and porous media and causes additional pressure drop on the fluid flow. The AUT-Force 110 multifunctional additive has been developed for the first time by the team of researchers of this paper, which has been identified as an inhibitor, dispersant and solvent for asphaltene sediment and its effectiveness has previously been proven. In this study, first, two crude oil sample from southwestern fields of Iran were selected. The selection criteria were differences in asphaltene molecular structure. The structure and molecular geometry of asphaltene have been determined using elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance test. Then asphaltene was coated onto metal powder surface (crude oil pipeline simulator) by means of a unique process. The steel coated with asphaltene was then washed with AUT-Force 110 to determine its effectiveness in separating the asphaltene adsorbed onto the metal surface. SEM images clearly showed that the multifunctional additive, regardless of asphaltene type, was able to change the mechanism of asphaltene adsorption at the metal surface from multilayer to single layer. In addition, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) demonstrated that in the presence of AUT-Force 110, iron (as the main constituent of metal powder) would increase by more than 12% in acidic asphaltene and more than 4% in basic asphaltene. AUT-Force 110 can also remove acidic and basic groups of asphaltene from metal powder surface by altering the electrostatic properties of the surface. The results of the spectroscopy showed that in addition to polar compounds, the multifunctional additive also reduces the amount of aliphatic and paraffinic functional groups at the surface of metal powder.
In addition to static conditions, the efficiency of AUT-Force 110 in fluid flow condition was also investigated. For this purpose, two separate laboratory setups were designed and implemented. In the first setup, the surface charge of asphaltene flocs was determined in the presence of an electric field and the results of the zeta potential measurement test were verified. Asphaltene was often observed around the positive electrode (cathode), indicating that the predominant charge of asphaltene samples is negative. However, the higher the number of nitrogenous agents in asphaltene, the lower the amount of asphaltene accumulated around the cathode. In the second setup, a pipeline with accessories was designed to investigate the performance of the AUT-Force 110 as a drag force reducer in the pipeline. The reduction of drag force by AUT-Force 110 occurs with increasing fluid flow rate in the pipe. An increase in the flow rate is equivalent to growth in fluid flow turbulence, which could ultimately provide a better environment for drag reducer to function more efficiently.
