Figure - available from: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
This content is subject to copyright.
Micro-MRI and micro-SPECT examination of the first animal model (the articular disc and half condylar cartilage were removed) during the development of THO-TMJ. (A) Micro-MRI examination results showed a strong T2 signal around the TMJ on the injured side, which was gradually reduced and replaced by a weak signal of heterotopic ossification compared with the normal side of the TMJ in the animal model (A2–A6) and the TMJ in the normal control mice (A1) over time. (B) Micro-SPECT examination results showed no obvious difference in bone metabolism between the two sides of the TMJ in normal control mice (B1), but it showed strong bone metabolism (red color) in the injured TMJ region compared with that in the normal side at different time points after surgery (B2–B4); white circle: left, injured TMJ; white rectangle: right, normal TMJ.
Source publication
The contributing factors and the origins of precursor cells in traumatic heterotopic ossification around the temporomandibular joint (THO-TMJ), which causes obvious restriction of mouth opening and maxillofacial malformation, remain unclear. In this study, our findings demonstrated that injured chondrocytes in the condylar cartilage, but not osteob...
Similar publications
Recently, there has been increasing interest in simulating of basic phenomena appearing during regeneration of bone. These phenomena include diffusion, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis processes for the several cell types. The traditional set of cells includes four cell types (mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteob...
Citations
... The typical clinical features of HO include the limited range of motion around the involved joint, complete bony ankylosis in severe cases, and deformity in the cervical spine, elbow, shoulder, fingers, jaw exostosis, or temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) (Zhao et al., 2020). HO could occur almost anywhere in the body, as long as it is associated with the periosteum. ...
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the occurrence of extraskeletal bone in soft tissue. Although this pathological osteogenesis process involves the participation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during the formation of bone structures, it differs from normal physiological osteogenesis in many features. In this article, the primary characteristics of heterotopic ossification are reviewed from both clinical and basic research perspectives, with a special highlight on the influence of mechanics on heterotopic ossification, which serves an important role in the prophylaxis and treatment of HO.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that gravely jeopardizes the quality of life of numerous people. Methotrexate (MTX) is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug commonly used in clinics; however, it suffers from slow onset, moderate efficacy, and adverse reactions such as renal dysfunction, myelosuppression, and bone erosion after long-term treatment. Here, we explored macrophage targeted delivery of MTX using mannose-installed chimaeric polymersomes (Man-PMTX) as an advanced treatment for RA. Man-PMTX exhibited high (∼18 wt%) and robust loading of MTX, uniform size of 51-55 nm, minimal hemolytic activity, and glutathione-actuated drug release property. Man-PMTX showed better uptake by activated macrophages than PMTX, and more repolarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages and less secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with free MTX and PMTX. In vivo studies revealed that Man-PMTX showed significantly higher accumulation in inflammatory joints than in healthy joints and effectively treated RA by relieving inflammation, repolarizing macrophages from M1 type to M2 type, and mitigating proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, Man-PMTX effectively protected the synovium and bone from damage. Mannose-mediated nanodelivery of methotrexate to macrophages appears to be an attractive strategy to augment rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
