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Recently, many researchers have been applied zeolitic materials for dye wastewater treatment by adsorption method because of more practical and economical without requiring a lot of solvents. However, the presence of natural zeolite is limited and only available in a specific area. In this research, pumice stones containing the main components of s...
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Zeolite is a type of crystalline aluminium-containing silicate made by the allocation of oxygen atoms in the framework of aluminium and silicate tetrahedral structure resulting in an open framework structure of three-dimension tetrahedral units. Magnetic zeolite is the combination of adsorption properties of zeo-lite with the magnetic properties of...
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... In this way, cationic dyes that carry a positive charge, such as methylene blue, can be adsorbed on this surface (Fig. 10). The adsorption ability of zeolite depends on the density of negative charges on the surface (Prajaputra et al. 2019). ...
Increasing world population, urbanization, and industrialization have led to an increase in demand in production and consumption, resulting in an increase in industrial solid wastes and pollutant levels in water. These two main consequences have become global problems. The high Si and Al content of solid wastes suggests that they can be used as raw materials for the synthesis of zeolites. In this context, when the literature studies conducted to obtain synthetic zeolites are evaluated, it is seen that hydrothermal synthesis method is generally used. In order to improve the performance of the hydrothermal synthesis method in terms of energy cost, synthesis time, and even product quality, additional methods such as alkaline fusion, ultrasonic effect, and microwave support have been developed. The zeolites synthesized by different techniques exhibit superior properties such as high surface area and well-defined pore sizes, thermal stability, high cation exchange capacity, high regeneration ability, and catalytic activity. Due to these specific properties, zeolites are recognized as one of the most effective methods for the removal of pollutants. The toxic properties of heavy metals and dyes in water and their carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure pose a serious risk to living organisms. Therefore, they should be treated at specified levels before discharge to the environment. In this review study, processes including different methods developed for the production of zeolites from industrial solid wastes were evaluated. Studies using synthetic zeolites for the removal of high levels of health and environmental risks such as heavy metals and dyes are reviewed. In addition, EPMA, SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, AFM, and ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al NMR techniques, which are characterization methods of synthetic zeolites, are presented and the cation exchange capacity, thermodynamics of adsorption, effect of temperature, and pH are investigated. It is expected that energy consumption can be reduced by large-scale applications of alternative techniques developed for zeolite synthesis and their introduction into the industry. It is envisaged that zeolites synthesized by utilizing wastes will be effective in obtaining a green technology. The use of synthesized zeolites in a wide variety of applications, especially in environmental problems, holds great promise.
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... In contrast, pumice has not undergone sufficient studies related to CIP adsorption. However, pumice were utilized as adsorbents for removal of hazardous pollutants such as Arsenite by Tuff [21], pumice/ scoria for tannery wastewater [22], pumice/ scoria for phosphate removal [23], zeolite for methylene blue adsorption [24]. ...
... Vật liệu Fe 3 O 4 (MNPs) được nghiên cứu và ứng dụng trong xử lý ô nhiễm nguồn nước do diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn, dễ thu hồi, nhưng hạn chế là dễ bị kết tụ và oxy hóa nên chúng thường được chức năng hóa bề mặt nhằm khắc phục các nhược điểm trên [4], [5]. Zeolite với cấu trúc rỗng xốp và có khả năng xử lý hiệu quả các loại thuốc nhuộm và kim loại nặng; nhưng zeolite có kích thước hạt nhỏ nên rất khó thu hồi sau khi hấp phụ [6] - [8]. Sự kết hợp giữa zeolite và MNPs nhằm tăng cường khả năng xử lý của chúng đối với thuốc nhuộm và thu hồi vật liệu dễ dàng bằng từ trường ngoài. ...
... Zeolite và zeolite/MNPs được tổng hợp trong nghiên cứu này có các peak đặc trưng và phù hợp với thẻ chuẩn của zeolite NaA, NaX và NaP1 tương ứng (JCPDS, 38-0237, JCPDS, 43-0142 và JCPDS 39-0219) [14]. Các đỉnh nhiễu xạ của zeolite được tìm thấy ở các góc 2 theta: 6 [8]. ...
... Hệ số R 2 của mô hình Elovich cao nhất cho thấy có sự tương tác hóa học giữa composite và CV [18]. Cơ chế hấp phụ dựa trên lực hút tĩnh điện hay liên kết hydro giữa zeolite/MNPs và ion CV + [5], [8]. ...
Nghiên cứu này giới thiệu quy trình tổng hợp composite zeolite/MNPs đơn giản ở điều kiện tổng hợp: tỷ lệ khối lượng giữa MNPs:zeolite = 1:4 (w/w), tỷ lệ ethanol:H2O = 10:1 (v/v), 5 mL tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOs), 90oC và 4 giờ. Các phương pháp phân tích XRD, FTIR và SEM nhằm xác định sự hiện diện của MNPs và zeolite với hình dạng, kích thước và sự phân bố khá đồng đều. Thành phần hóa học của composite được phân tích bằng XRF với hàm lượng SiO2; Al2O3 và Fe2O3 là 41,11%; 27,75% và 30,78%. Đánh giá khả năng xử lý crystal violet (CV) được thực hiện ở điều kiện pH ~ 7, khối lượng composite 0,75 g/L, nồng độ CV 100 mg/L và thời gian 30 phút, dung lượng và hiệu suất hấp phụ lần lượt là 103,37 mg/g và 70,64%. Quá trình hấp phụ CV phù hợp với mô hình đẳng nhiệt Sips và mô hình động học Elovich. Cơ chế của quá trình là hấp phụ trên bề mặt không đồng nhất và hấp phụ vật lý. Hiệu suất hấp phụ CV của composite giảm từ 70,64% đến 42,26% sau 5 chu kỳ. Các kết quả trên cũng cho thấy tiềm năng ứng dụng của composite zeolite/MNPs trong xử lý nước thải chứa thuốc nhuộm hữu cơ.
... Furthermore, the alkaline activation process created additional pores due to reduction and oxidation reactions causing a decrease in pores from 19.84 to 3.865 nm [56]. The improvement in material pore volume is attributed to the rearrangement of the composite structure due to the increasing number of pores [57] ...
The recycling of waste materials in wastewater decontamination has been an attractive discipline in zero discharge and energy recovery. Biochar/zeolite nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized as a cheap and eco-friendly material from a solid fraction obtained from the thermos-catalytic conversion of green pea agriculture waste (Pisum sativum). A dark-whitish solid was obtained from thermal pyrolysis at 450 °C with a heating rate of 27 °C/min for 15 min that was further subjected to alkaline chemical activation. The synthesized composites have been examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission emission microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analyses. The successful preparation of biochar/zeolite nanocomposite was evident from characterization results with an average particle size of 30–40 nm with a high surface area of 15.3 m2/g. The material was evaluated as an eco-friendly adsorbent for decolorization of both cationic methylene blue dye (MB) and Congo red anionic dye (CR) using the batch technique. The influence of dosage, pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time were studied against the dye adsorption process. It was indicated that the material recorded maximum dye decolorization efficiencies of 87.5% at pH of 12 and 84.1% at pH of 2 for MB and CR, respectively. The optimum material dosage and contact time for dye decolorization were 5 g/l and 60 min, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the sorption process and revealed a negative charge of Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) an indication of spontaneity and thermodynamic favorability. Positive enthalpy and entropy demonstrated the endothermic behavior and the disorderliness. Equilibrium adsorption results best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, while MB and CR adsorption kinetics were pseudo-second-order reactions.
... In the literature, according to Ersoy et al. [22], the peaks at 400 cm −1 and 800 cm −1 of the pumice samples might have been associated with the Si-O, while the strong peak at around 1,100 cm −1 was related to Si-O stretching vibrations. Also, as stated by Prajaputra et al. [23], the peaks at~720, 1,000, 1,650, and 3,475 can be described as the bending vibration of ) related to pumice in the present study were also revealed in the literature [3,24]. The present study results revealed that electrospun pumice synthesis was successfully obtained in the nanomaterials, as shown in Figure 6 using SEM images and zeta values. ...
The scope of the study involves identifying the optimal means to effectively use the electrospinning technique to obtain pumice-containing nanofibers. Nanofiber containing pumice in a solution was electrospun to obtain smooth, cylindrical, bead-free, and ultrafine nanomaterials.
The study also analyzed the molecular [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], thermal [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)], zeta potential, size, polydispersity index [dynamic light scattering (DLS)], and surface [scanning electron microscope (SEM)] parameters of the pumice-containing nanofibers having JP6 (applied voltage: 6 kV) and JP12 (12 kV) properties. While the distance (10 cm), flow rate (0.8 mL/h), and other parameters of the electrospinning process were fixed, two different voltages were applied to obtain the pumice-containing nanofiber. The average diameter of the nanoencapsulated pumice produced at 6 kV was defined as 98.6 nm in gelatin nanomats with 31.8 nm. The average diameter of the nanocapsule pumice produced under a 12 kV voltage was found to be 85.8 nm, and the average diameter of the nanomats (non–nanoencapsulated) was 35.2 nm. The average zeta potential values of the pumice-containing nanofiber were also determined in the nanosize range. The JP6 and JP12 PDI values were determined as 0.165 and 0.566, respectively. Peaks characteristic of pumices as defined in the literature were observed in the FTIR results, while DSC analysis results revealed strong endo- and exothermic peaks. As a result of this study, it has been proved that pumice can be reduced to nanosize with the electrospinning technique and it is nanoencapsulated in nanofiber. When the obtained pumice-containing nanofiber was examined, it was determined that the surface area of the nanofiber was large and resistant to thermal heat.
... Thus, it can be concluded that the electrostatic or chemical interaction of active groups (-X-O -) contributes to adsorption. In addition, the Si-OH and Al-OH on the surface of the zeolites can form hydrogen bonds with cationic MB (Oukil et al. 2020;Prajaputra et al. 2019). To elucidate the interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate, the surface charge on zeolite was investigated at the point of zero charge (PZC) using the solid addition method (Arefieva et al. 2021). ...
Effective textile dye removal from aquatic wastewater is essential, as this effluent is harmful to human health, biodiversity, and natural environments. This study investigates the synthesis of zeolitic materials for dye removal from wastewater using metakaolin and fly ash as starting materials. In the first synthesis step, the starting materials are blended at various metakaolin-to-fly ash ratios and treated with a 3 M sodium hydroxide solution under stirring. The solid-to-liquid ratio of the precursor gel is 1:8 (w/v). The suspensions are then subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 120 °C for 6 h. In the second step, an impregnation method is used to obtain titanium dioxide (TiO2)-containing zeolite, and the effect of the TiO2 content on the zeolite adsorption performance is investigated. The synthesized products are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, surface area measurement, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. From the results, a metakaolin-to-fly ash weight ratio of 4:1 is optimal and yields sodalite and zeolite A. For 20-ppm methylene blue solution, the adsorption efficiencies of freshly synthesized zeolite and TiO2-containing zeolite are found to be 87.63% and 99.87%, respectively. In addition, the adsorption performance of the reused product is similar to that of the freshly synthesized product. Thus, the synthesized modified zeolite is an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue removal.
... The synthesis of pumice-based zeolite was carried out by the simple hydrothermal alkaline treatment, following the previous report [27]. Briefly, 10 g of pumice was dissolved within 80 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (2.5 mol L -1 ) under the stirring conditions for 30 min. ...
... The adsorption mechanism of MB molecules onto Na-P1 zeolite had been reported in our previous study [27]. To overcome the weakness of the adsorption method, which only transfers organic pollutants from liquid or gas phases to solid phases, this method was integrated with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using a Fenton-like reaction. ...
The most problem in the combination of adsorption and Fenton oxidation processes is the low ability of sorbents to degrade organic pollutants. Therefore, the sorbents need to be modified by adding metal salt compounds, especially those containing iron. In this study, we investigated the use of natural pumice to prepare zeolites with high catalytic properties without adding iron sources. Pumice-based zeolite was prepared through simple hydrothermal alkaline treatment and used to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The characterization results confirmed that the mineral phase of pumice was successfully transformed to GIS-NaP1 zeolite. The maximum value of adsorption capacity increased highly from 7.80 to 35.33 mg/g after the treatment process. Adsorption isotherm showed a better fit to the Langmuir model with a high correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.999) compared to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.882). This means the interaction between zeolite and MB followed the assumption of monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surfaces. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of adsorption and Fenton oxidation processes enhanced the ability of zeolite to remove MB with efficiency from 60.92% to 99.99%. Furthermore, zeolite can also be reused several times without reducing its performance significantly after regeneration.
... As seen, VAS was clearly dominated by amorphous quartz as the major phase that appeared on the sample. The VAS pattern was similar characteristics to the Bali pumice sample in our previous study [22]. When VAS was treated under the alkaline condition and followed by the hydrothermal process, the amorphous content decreased. ...
This study demonstrates the potential use of volcanic ash soil (VAS) as raw materials for preparing zeolite without adding any templates or seeds. Here we investigated the effect of alkaline concentrations on the synthesis of VAS-based zeolite and enhanced its ability for methylene blue (MB) removal by Fenton-like process. Zeolite materials were directly synthesized by mixing the amount of VAS within alkaline concentrations of 0.5 (P1), 1.5 (P2), and 3.0 mol/L (P3), respectively, followed by a simple hydrothermal procedure at 100 oC for 24 h. The prepared sample characteristics were obtained from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which confirmed the formation of zeolite A and some mineral phases in P2 and P3 samples. The mentioned samples reached equilibrium state at MB concentration of 200 mg/L with high adsorption capacity values compared to VAS. The adsorption showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.99), in which the maximum uptake capacities were found to be 24.03 mg/g for P2 and 14.30 mg/g for P3. Interestingly, the percentage of MB removal using P2 and P3 increased greatly from 52.81% and 32.26% to 98.92% and 98.85% by Fenton-like process, respectively.
... The electrostatic interactions between cationic CV dye molecule and ionic nZSM-5 surface is shown in Fig. 9. Increasing pH on dye solution results in deprotonation of Si and Al tetrahedral groups and resultant SieOHand AleOHnegative sites attract more cationic dyes CV molecules and thereby increases the adsorption capacity of the nanoadsorbent nZSM-5. In this study, synthesized nZSM-5 adsorbent is found to adsorb 100% of CV dye molecules from aqueous solution, which is due to the presence of very high negative surface charges on the zeolite surface [50]. It has already been discussed previously that ultrasound enhances the adsorption of dye molecules onto ZSM-5 surface by enhancing rate of mass transfer of the dye molecule up to zeolite surface as well as effective porosity of the nanoadsorbent in the solideliquid boundaries through microscopic streaming and turbulence created by speedy micro-jets, acoustic waves and heavy shear force under ultrasound. ...
Synergistic solution of two different environmental issues such as solid waste management and wastewater treatment is not just a sustainable solution but also adds to circular economy. In this study, a novel nano ZSM-5 zeolite (nZSM-5) was synthesized from agro-waste rice husk ash by two-step method for removal of industrial toxic dye crystal violet (CV) from water using ultrasonic-assisted adsorption process. The physico-chemical properties of as-synthesized nZSM-5 was examined by means of TEM, XRF, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. Surface area, average pore volume, average crystal size, and product yield of nZSM-5 were found as 608.93 m2/g, 0.245 cm3/g, and 8.5 nm, 87% respectively. Also, from FESEM analysis, the average particle size was found to be 32.42 nm. Effect of solution pH (3-11), sonication time (0-60 min), adsorbent dose (50-250 mg/100ml), and initial CV dye concentration (25-125 mg/L) on nZSM-5 was analyzed in ultrasound-assisted adsorption process. Pseudo-second order kinetic (R2=0.994) Model and Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.991) model were best fitted for the adsorption of CV on nZSM-5 with maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 125.43 mg/g. The removal efficiency of nZSM-5 zeolite for CV dye was estimated as 99.99%. This study suggests that the synthesized novel nZSM-5 zeolite is a highly efficient adsorbent for CV dye under ultrasonication.
Silica and magnetite have been recognized as emerging and effective environmental-friendly pollutants removers. In this study, we have developed and evaluated the effectiveness of silica/magnetite (SM) composites derived from local beach sand as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for uptaking tetracycline from water. The formation of SM composites was verified through characterization performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Two key parameters, kinetics and isotherms, were investigated to find the best condition for tetracycline adsorption using SM composites. In the kinetic adsorption studies, the pseudo-first-order, with correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.99) higher than those of the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, was performed to be the best-fitting model due to the close alignment between the experimental and theoretical data. The non-linear Langmuir isotherm model offered the most accurate fit (R2 = 0.954, root-mean-square-errors = 1.505) compared to the Freundlich model, signifying that the adsorption process takes place on a uniform surface where the adsorbate is distributed in monolayers. In the present study, the maximum adsorption capacity of tetracycline onto SM composite reached 29.955±4.165 mg/g for 24-hour contact time with an adsorption rate constant of 0.415±0.050 min-1. In conclusion, our environmentally conscious composite demonstrates the potential to be an effective adsorbent with remarkable tetracycline removal properties while also providing valuable insights for further research.
