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In this study, investigation on the scorpion fauna related to borderline cities of West Azerbaijan Province (Poldasht, Piranshahr, Oshnaviyeh, Sardasht, Chaldoran, Salmas, Urmia and Khoy) was carried out. A total of 216 scorpion specimens were collected and Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807), Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), Mesobuthus cauca...
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New faunistic and taxonomic data are provided for 19 families of Iranian spiders. Stemonyphantes arta Esyunin et Zamani, sp. nov. (Linyphiidae) is described from a male and a female collected in the Zanjan Province. Five genera of the family Theridiidae (Pholcomma, Phoroncidia, Phycosoma, Rhomphaea and Rugathodes) and 21 species are recorded from I...
Citations
... Furthermore, Barahoei et al. (2020) reported 51 species belonging to 18 genera in four families (Barahoei et al. 2020). Some documents reported that some species such as A. crassicauda, Androctonus baluchicus, and Androctonus finitimus existed in Iran (Gharakhloo et al. 2018;Moradi et al. 2020). ...
Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpions) are one of the medically important oldest arthropods. They have been one of the humans’
interests in terms of special morphology, painful stings, mortality, and behavioral attractions for many years. Diagnosis of
scorpions is based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. But, one of the most important and fundamental
problems of identifying the Iranian scorpions is the lack of a comprehensive method. Due to the fact that a relatively long
time has not passed since the classification of scorpions in Iran and there are no definitive divisions about the genera and
species in the country, the current pictorial key was provided to identify the Iranian scorpions. In this study, various methods
were used to catch the scorpions. For preparing the pictorial key, different genera of scorpions were collected from urban,
rural, plain, and mountain areas in different parts of Iran as well as some archived specimens from the medical arachnid's
Museum of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were used from 2010 to 2020 collection boxes. The key presented in this
study was prepared only based on morphological features. It was necessary to remind a few points about this key and its use.
Considering the above-mentioned points, this key was provided for 16 genera, 64 species, and 3 families of Iranian scorpions,
and the results of other researchers are included in it. The study of various aspects of scorpion life, especially faunistic studies
has been recently considered in Iran. Various methods such as molecular methods and composition of scorpion venom
can be used for classification, the most common of which are morphological features that have a long history. Therefore, the
need to provide a key to detect scorpions in the country has a special priority.
... West Azerbaijan province: There are five scorpion species in this province belonging to two families; Buthidae and Scorpionidae: 1-Mesobuthus eupeus, 2-Mesobuthus caucasicus, 3-Androctonus crassicauda, 4-Hottentotta saulcyi, 5-Compsobuthus petriolii, 6-Hottentotta zagrosensis and 7-Scorpio maurus (Gharakhloo et al., 2018;Bavani et al., 2017;Kova rík, 2007). ...
There are 2,612 and 80 scorpion species in the world and Iran, respectively. Iran is rich in climatic conditions and biodiversity. In this study, new data on scorpion fauna of different physiographic areas of Iran were obtained from various databases, including plains and deserts, eastern area of the Caspian Sea, western and central areas of the Caspian Sea, heights and foothills, the west coast of the Persian Gulf and the east coast of the Persian Gulf. Then, spatial distribution maps for scorpion species in different physiographic areas were prepared using ARC GIS software. There are three families (Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae, and Scorpionidae), 19 genera, and 80 species and subspecies. In plains and deserts, there are three families, 15 genera, and 37 scorpion species; in the Caspian Sea area, there is only one family with four scorpions; in heights and foothills, there are three families, 14 genera, and 35 scorpion species; in the west coast of the Persian Gulf, there are three families, 13 genera, and 31 scorpion species, and finally, in the east coast of the Persian Gulf, there are three families, 14 genera, and 35 scorpion species. The Buthidae is the most prevalent family in Iran. Because of good climatological conditions on the east and west coast of the Persian Gulf, there are three families of scorpions, 18 genera, and 45 species. The majority of scorpion species inhabit this region, and the highest rate of scorpionism and death due to scorpion sting occurs in this part of Iran.
... ),Teruel et al. (2014),Gharakhloo et al. (2018), etc.Mirshamsi et al. (2011b) recorded 51 species (30 endemics) of scorpions in Iran belonging to 18 genera and four families (Buthidae with 45 species, Hemiscorpiidae with six species, and a single species each of Diplocentridae and Scorpionidae). More recently,Yağmur et al. (2016) stated that there were 53 species with 32 endemics.Navidpour et al. and Pirali-Kheirabadi et al. have published a series of articles entitled: "Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). ...
An overview of the Arachnida and their study in Iran is provided. Besides ancient poetry, relics (going back to 5,000 YBP), and early medical observations (at least 2,000 YBP), the first published taxonomical observations of arachnids from Iran were in 1807 about scorpions. The superorders Parasitiformes and Acariformes (mites and ticks) have received by far the most attention among all of the Arachnida thanks to their economic and medical/veterinary importance. Occurrences have been noted for over 1,733 species in four orders: Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, and Trombidiformes. The first tick of the Ixodida was described in 1818. The first mite species described from Iran was of the Mesostigmata in 1982. The first member of the Sarcoptiformes named from Iran is uncertain, but the first Iranian species of the Suborder Oribatida was described in 1984 and was likely the first for the order. The first species described from Iran of the Order Trombidiformes were named in 1995. Studies on spiders started in 1874. Spiders are recorded by the occurrences of 764 species. Scorpions number 68 species in Iran and receive a lot of study and are better known compared to mites and spiders on a percentage basis, because scorpions have such a small diversity worldwide. The first Iranian species of Solifugae was described in 1895. The camel spiders are known from 67 species. Pseudoscorpions are recorded by 65 species. The Opiliones are known by 22 named species. The Amblypygi are recorded from Iran by one species described in 2018.
... Iran has different types of soil and arid or semi-arid climates; thus, it is a natural place for a diversity of scorpion species (Dehghani and Fathi 2012). Information from field researchers and literature records that could be georeferenced was used to provide presence-maps of digger scorpions that these species were observed or captured in different regions of Iran (Dehghani and Fathi 2012;Kassiri 2017, 2018;Mirshamsi et al. 2011;Moradi et al. 2018;Navidpour Sh et al. 2012(. In addition, we can attempt to remove some of the sampling bias by subsampling records in MaxEnt (Phillips et al. 2009). ...
Prediction models are essential for the potential geographic distribution of scorpions, prevention of scorpion stings and diverse applications in conservation biology. There is limited information about habitat suitability and the factors affecting the distribution of Iranian digger scorpions. This study was undertaken to model the distribution of three types of digger scorpion in Iran, Odontobuthus doriae Thorell, Odonthubutus bidentatus Lourenco (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and Scorpio maurus Pocockin (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae), and investigate the factors affecting its distribution using the maximum entropy method. A total of 20 environmental and climate variables were used for modeling and evaluation of the ecological niche. The similarities and differences between the ecological overlap of the digger scorpions were evaluated using comparative environmental niche model (ENM Tools software). The results showed that the main factors for habitat suitability of O. doriae were soil type, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and slope. The variables for S. maurus were soil type, precipitation of the coldest quarter and slope. Annual temperature range, mean temperature of the driest quarter and land use had the greatest influence on the distribution of O. bidentatus. The ecological niches for O. doriae and O. bidentatus overlapped. The niche of these species differed from the niche of S. maurus. This approach could be helpful for the prediction of the potential distribution of three digger scorpion species and this model can be an effective for the promotion of health.
Morphological and genetic variation among populations of the buthid scorpion, Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), occurring in western and southwestern Iran was explored using morphometric variables, one nuclear marker (28S rDNA) and three mitochondrial markers (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I). Genetic and morphometric statistical analyses revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood uncovered two divergent clades, one of which is described as a new species, Hottentotta hatamtiorum sp. nov., from Ilam and Khuzestan Provinces, southwestern Iran. The description of the new species raises the total count of Hottentotta Birula, 1908 species to 61, twelve of which are endemic or subendemic to the Iranian Plateau.
New distribution records are given herein for six Hottentotta species in Iran. They belong to Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895) (Hormozgan province), H. and Khuzestan records are the first for H. navidpouri. Prepared maps show new and old distributional localities that belong to all known species of Hottentotta in Iran.
An updated checklist of the scorpiofauna of Iran is presented. The checklist is based on records of scorpion species which their presence have been confirmed in Iran through field expeditions, examination of scorpion collections, literature review, and personal communications with researchers. According to the presented checklist the scorpion fauna of Iran consists of 68 valid species (41 endemic to Iran) belonging to 19 genera and
four families and 6 doubtful reports (belong family Buthidae). Hemiscorpius gaillardi (Vachon, 1974) and Compsobuthus jakesi Kovařík, 2003 reported for the first time from Hormozgan province. Odontobuthus tavighiae Navidpour et al., 2013 collected for the first time from Fars province. Kraepelinia palpator (Birula, 1903) and O. tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013 were new records for South Khorasan province fauna. The list is dominated by members of the family Buthidae (58 species) with 85.3% of total species. The level of regional endemism exceeds 60.3%. A dichotomic identification key to the Iranian species on the basis of a DELTA database has been provided.
Background:
The scorpions have enjoyed medical importance from ancient times because of their morphological structure and venom. The identification of the species of these arthropods has been more emphasized than any other aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine scorpion's fauna and mortality rates of their victims as reported in Iran.
Methods:
In this review, published documents during 1966-2018 related to medically important scorpions and mortality reports due to scorpionism were searched in the data bases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and etc., using key words including scorpion, species, classification, Iran, family, species, and the names of all 31 provinces of Iran.
Results:
Overall, 169 sources were found. Based on the STROBE checklist, the quality of the documents was also considered, and ultimately, 95 sources were selected. Sixty-four species of scorpions have been identified in Iran and 86% of the species belong to the Buthidae family, and the rest (9.5%, 4.5%) belong to the Hemiscorpiidae and Scorpionidae families, respectively. These species live mostly in tropical regions of Iran. The dangerous scorpions and their mortality reports are often recorded from southern regions such as Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces.
Conclusion:
Due to the significant increase in the abundance of scorpions in Iran over the past 30 years, it is expected that this trend will continue by researchers, and the fauna of scorpions is regularly reconsidered.
