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Mini hydropower plants are expected to have good potential for providing electricity to remote communities. An important part of this economic and clean energy system is the conversion of the low-head potential energy into kinetic energy to drive power turbines. One way of converting the low-head potential energy is using a gravitation vortex pool....
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Pelton turbine is the most commonly used high head impulse turbine with low discharge. For obtaining highest power output from runner one of the most important parameter is quality of jet which strikes bucket tangentially. The quality of jet and its impact work depends on the distance between the nozzle exit and runner along with its angle of strik...
![Figure 9. The experimental results and the results of [4]](profile/Tineke-Saroinsong/publication/311259740/figure/fig1/AS:654411282001921@1533035216415/The-experimental-results-and-the-results-of-4_Q320.jpg)
Energy crisis which is globally occured around the world attract researchers to study renewable energy. Experimental study of Archimedes screw turbine that had been applied as microhydro power plant for low head, they are focused on fluid flow. Fluid flow on Archimedes screw turbine is a flow with a free surface. Froude Number is utilized for this...
Encouraged by recent studies on the performance of tidal turbine arrays, we extend the classical momentum actuator disc theory to include the free surface effects and allow the vertical arrangement of turbines. Most existing literatures concern one dimensional arrays with single turbine in the vertical direction, while the arrays in this work are t...
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... One possible conclusion is that a relationship exists between turbine shaft power and turbine shaft torque where an increase in shaft torque incites an increase in shaft power to the peak point (torque 7.7 Ncm at 269.3 rpm) but will start to decrease if the torque continues increase. This inverted parabolic curve is in accordance with previous studies [4], [9], [14], [19], [45], [47]. ...
span lang="EN-GB">This study discusses the numerical optimisation and performance testing of the turbine runner profile for the designed gravitational water vortex turbine. The initial design of the turbine runner is optimised using a surface vorticity algorithm coded in MATLAB to obtain the optimal stagger angle. Design validation is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Ansys CFX to determine the performance of the turbine runner with the turbulent shear stress transport model. The CFD analysis shows that by optimising the design, the water turbine efficiency increases by about 2.6%. The prototype of the vortex turbine runner is made using a 3D printing machine with resin material. It is later tested in a laboratory-scale experiment that measures the shaft power, shaft torque and turbine efficiency in correspondence with rotational speeds varying from 150 to 650 rpm. Experiment results validate that the optimised runner has an efficiency of 45.3% or about 14% greater than the initial design runner, which has an efficiency of 39.7%.</span
... Potential small hydro sites identified by BPDB and BWDB[16] ...
This research paper presents a comprehensive study of the design, optimization, and performance analysis of a gravitational vortex water turbine for small-scale hydropower applications in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The urgent need for cleaner and more efficient energy sources to address global energy challenges drives the development of innovative renewable energy solutions. The proposed turbine harnesses the power of gravity-induced water flow to efficiently convert rotational energy from a water vortex into electrical energy. The research employs advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS Fluent to investigate the intricate flow behavior and velocity distribution. Through CFD calculations, the study provides valuable insights into the turbine's performance, allowing for optimization of its design parameters. The influence of blade numbers on turbine efficiency contributes to a better understanding of the turbine's operational characteristics. The paper discusses the advantages of decentralized energy systems and emphasizes the potential of gravitational vortex turbines for small-scale hydropower projects. It highlights the importance of mathematical analysis and performance results, further supported by the CFD analysis, demonstrating the turbine's capabilities. The power outputs achieved by the turbine align with or surpass the potential power capacities of identified small hydro sites, reinforcing its viability as a clean and reliable energy solution. While the research findings showcase the turbine's potential, it emphasizes the need for further feasibility studies and site-specific assessments to ensure successful real-life implementation. The study underscores the significance of utilizing advanced computational techniques in developing efficient and environmentally friendly hydropower solutions. The findings offer lessons for researchers, engineers, and policymakers for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
... In the 39 parametric studies (including optimisation studies), 19 involve basins, 25 involve turbines, and 9 involve channels, while in the remaining non-parametric studies, only 9 involve basins, 12 involve turbines, and 3 involve channels. It should be noted that 23 publications did not involve (or provide information on) any of these three main components at all, which are mainly some case studies and/or feasibility studies [24,31,40,[50][51][52][53]59,60,82,91,94,96,97,101,104,105,109], validation studies [48,66], analytical models [41,67,95], and concept designs [64,104]. It should also be noted that some publications involve more than one main component [23,36,37,46,47,62,77,79,80,85,110] and the thesis [114] involves all three main components. ...
Hydropower is one of the most sustainable and desirable renewable energy sources. Gravitational water vortex hydro turbine (GWVHT) systems are one of the most suitable and sustainable renewable power generation devices for remote and rural areas, particularly in developing countries, owing to their small scales and low costs. There are various GWVHT systems with different configurations and various operating conditions. The main components of a GWVHT system include the inlet and outlet channels, a basin, and a turbine on which there are a number of blades attached. This paper presents a comprehensive review regarding the progress and development of various GWVHT systems, covering broad aspects of GWVHT systems, particularly various types of basins, inlet and outlet channels, turbines with blades which have different shapes, orientations, sizes, numbers, etc. The nature of the previous studies is summarised. The fundamentals of the vortex dynamics involved and the quantitative analysis of the performance of GWVHT systems are also described. The turbulence models and multiphase models used in some leading numerical simulation studies have been reviewed. As a case study, the implementation of a GWVHT system in PNG is presented. Based on the review of previous studies regarding GWVHT systems, the major issues and challenges are summarised, and some key topics are recommended for future research work on the performance of GWVHT systems.
... Several studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Gravitational water vortex turbine. A numerical simulation was used to analyze the stable and optimum vortex pool formation of a Gravitational water vortex turbine (Shabara, Yaakob et al. 2015). The strength and the formation of the vortex in a conical basin have been analyzed numerically by changing the design parameters such as cone angle, basin height, basin inlet, and outlet diameter, and notch angle at a constant inflow rate (Dhakal, Timilsina et al. 2014). ...
The demand for renewable energy is increasing in developing countries. Producing electricity from low-head micro-hydropower, especially using the gravitational water vortex method, attracts researchers worldwide. The present study investigates the detailed performance evaluation of single-stage Gravitational water vortex turbine assembled in a conical basin. A detailed numerical study has been conducted on five different runners' shapes. The three best runners were selected for experimentation based on the water pressure inserted on the blades. The effects of blade shape on the performance parameters of single-stage Gravitational water vortex turbine have been investigated, including rotational speed, brake torque, and mechanical efficiency. The results showed that the round-curved runner performed better at the various flow rate levels regarding rotational speed, brake torque, and mechanical efficiency. Moreover, round curved runners absorbed maximum torque, producing higher rotational speed and mechanical efficiency. The blades of the round curved runner give an efficiency of 48.02 %, while the blades of the conical J shape runner and helical runner give an efficiency of 42.17 % and 38.64 %, respectively.
... CFD simulations were set up in ANSYS CFX, defining the appropriate boundary conditions and introducing the turbulence model. A homogeneous Eulerian multiphase model was used to define two phases of fluids, air and water [38]. The free surface model is activated since the air and water have distinguished interphase. ...
... Additionally, [1] developed a Ferro-vortex apparatus which relates to devices for electromechanical processing of liquid, bulk and other blends that can be used in agriculture, medicine, chemical, oil and gas industry, communal services and other areas. Kumar [13] designed and fabricated a Low-Cost Vortex Mixer using additive manufacturing. ...
This developed a laboratory vortex apparatus with the aim to perform an experimental analysis of the formation of free and forced vortexes using water as fluid flow process. The experimental observations revealed that the apparatus surface of the vortex adjacent to the inner air core region was level where the radius expanded as the height increased. The orifice of the apparatus was selected for orifice diameters of 5, 10, 15, and 20mm at 30, 45, 60 and 90o angle of inclination were used to determine the diameter of the vortex developed for experimental flow process. The apparatus generated highest vortex diameter of 17mm for the free vortex and 8mm for forced vortex flow process a constant pressure head of 11.2m. Further analysis of the effect of orifice revealed that the larger the orifice diameter of 10, 15 and 20mm at developed a vortex faster for the two flow process as the angle of inclination was increased. The finding of this study will enhance further study to understand turbulent fluid flow process of vortex formation to meet demands of future technologies.
... Shabara et al., [18] performed a numerical study in Ansys Fluent with experimental validation. The geometry implemented for the GVT was the one proposed by Franz Zotlöterer. ...
The main objetive of this study is to compare numerically the torque generated at 50, 75, 100, and 125 rpm by H-Darrieus turbine as a rotor for Gravitational Vortex Turbine. The rotational flow into the gravitational vortex turbine tank helped to decrease the negative torque in H-Darrieus rotor. The study was developed in ANSYS® CFX, where the model was configured at constant operating conditions. The highest torque was 0.117 Nm at 50 rpm, and the torque decreased with increasing rpm. The H-Darrieus works with increasing lift force, however, the rotor inside the Gravitational Vortex Turbine interacts with drag force.
... All the cases are simulated as steady-state analysis since it results in an approximate reliable solution, consuming lower computational power and less time. Since both water and air contribute to the vortex flow field, a homogeneous Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model (air and water at 25 C) was used in the simulation [37,38]. In homogeneous multiphase flow, a common flow field is shared by all fluids, especially the transported quantities and other relevant fields such as turbulence. ...
Gravitational Water Vortex Power (GWVP) plants are considered one of the most favourable micro-hydro extraction methods suitable for rural communities in mountain areas. Many researchers have focused on enhancing the performance of GWVP plants since it is less efficient than other commercial hydro turbines. This study mainly focuses on optimization of vortex turbine situated in conical vortex basin using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. The basic turbine blade design was modified with inclination, height, vertical twist, and horizontal curvature. CFD results were analysed at each step concerning air-water interface, pressure, and velocity while identifying the relationship of flow behaviour with performance. A similar blade inclination with the conical basin enhanced performance, and the increasing of blade height also showed good performance. Vertical twist and horizontal curvature were investigated separately, and the horizontal curvature blade showed slightly better performance than the vertical twisted blade recording the highest efficiency as 40.4%.
... All the cases are simulated as steady-state analysis since it results in an approximate reliable solution, consuming lower computational power and less time. Since both water and air contribute to the vortex flow field, a homogeneous Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model (air and water at 25 C) was used in the simulation [37,38]. In homogeneous multiphase flow, a common flow field is shared by all fluids, especially the transported quantities and other relevant fields such as turbulence. ...
Gravitational Water Vortex Power (GWVP) plant is a favourable micro-hydro extraction method due to its simplicity and compatibility with ultra-low hydraulic head applications. However, the GWVP turbines are less efficient than other commercial hydro turbines. This study mainly focuses on improving the performance of the vortex turbine setup inside a conical basin structure using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis for different configurations of vortex turbine blades. After validating the ANSYS CFX CFD setup with available experimental results, the parametric study of the turbine was carried out based on four parameters; blade inclination, turbine height, vertical twist and horizontal curvature. The relationship between flow behaviour and performance was analysed in each case, considering the air-water interface, pressure and velocity fields. The blade inclination, similar to the conical basin inclination, yielded enhanced performance, and an optimal blade height was identified for this setup. The horizontally curved blade showed a slightly better performance than the vertical twist blade for the original design of the conical basin. However, when the drain diameter of the basin structure has increased, the performance of the vertically twisted blade showed good performance resulting in 55.3% efficiency while maintaining a stable air core.
... The system proved to be 40% efficient. [11] focused on the effect of introducing baffle plates on the propellers. [12] It was found that the increase in blade size and increasing surface of the blades gave low turbine speeds but gave maximum efficiency and high output of turbine power. ...
Huge Commercialization and population expansion is causing energy crisis. Pakistan's energy demand being on the rise, water is the safest and cleanest method of generating electricity. Many sites are available in Punjab having varying flow rate and limited heads can be used for power generations. The turbine is developed for a site having flow rates of 0.005-0.01 m3/sec and available head of 1.5m. A Pico hydro turbine with gravitational vortex has been selected based on the availability of specific speed of 71 according to the site data. The optimized runner, basin and hybrid blades were designed and the results were validated using numerical simulation. At 153⁰ notch angle there is a considerable increase in water velocity and provide better results. On the other hand, it is shown that the runner made of steel is not suitable for flooding and concrete structure with recommended reinforcements must be used. The proposed design for the flooding condition of 0.2 m3/s flow rate the wall thickness and base thickness should be 150mm and a transverse reinforcement of 0.27 mm2/mm. Localized reinforcements can also be utilized as the curved path is at highest risk.
