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Melanoma of the left lower leg, metastatic to the lower extremity. (a) Axial FDG PET-CT images of the thighs show an intensely hypermetabolic tumor in the subcutaneous tissues of the left medial thigh (white arrowhead). (b) Axial FDG PET-CT image of the lower legs shows that the primary lesion is exophytic on the anterior left lower leg (white arrowhead), with multiple subcutaneous metastases, some extending into the muscles. (c) FDG PET maximum intensity projection (MIP) image demonstrates the intensity of metabolic activity throughout the tumor in the left lower extremity (black arrowheads).
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Simple Summary
Positron emission tomography (PET), typically combined with computed tomography (CT), has become a critical advanced imaging technique in oncology. With PET-CT, a radioactive molecule (radiotracer) is injected into the bloodstream and localizes to tumor sites because of specific cellular features of the tumor that accumulate the targ...
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PET-CT is an advanced imaging modality with many oncologic applications, including staging, assessment of response to therapy, restaging and evaluation of suspected recurrence. The goal of this 6-part series of review articles is to provide practical information to providers and imaging professionals regarding the best use of PET-CT for the more co...
Citations
... Hence, it is employed for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various cancers, including skin cancers. [86] • Paraneoplastic dermatoses: Associated with internal neoplasms but not a direct manifestation of the primary tumor; paraneoplastic dermatosis requires identifying internal malignancy. PET-CT is commonly used when specific signs of internal malignancy are not overt. ...
Every year, the field of medicine witnesses technological advancements, leading to improved patient care and furtherment of research, which contribute to the efficient acquisition of knowledge and skill by physicians and surgeons. A discipline like dermatology, which relies heavily on the recognition of morphological patterns, gains bountifully from cutting-edge technologies for capturing images, facilitating disease diagnosis, and their monitoring and progression. These novel modalities offer the potential to bridge the gap between clinical assessment and invasive procedures, reducing the need for biopsies and enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
... However, it is always difficult for patients with recurrence and metastasis to obtain tumor tissues. 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18 F] fluoro-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is acknowledged as an important non-invasive whole-body molecular imaging modality for evaluation of various tumors [7][8][9][10][11][12]. It has been reported that 18 F-FDG PET/CT could be used to predict multiple molecular phenotypes for malignant tumors, for instance, HER2 expression in gastric cancer [13], EGFR mutations and positive ALK expression in NSCLC [14]. ...
Background:
Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has been proven to be effective for cervical cancer treatment. To explore non-invasive examinations for assessing the PD-L1 status in cervical cancer, we performed a retrospective study to investigate the predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Methods:
The correlations between PD-L1 expression, clinicopathological characteristics and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters were evaluated in 74 cervical cancer patients. The clinicopathological characteristics included age, histologic type, tumor differentiation, FIGO stage and tumor size. The metabolic parameters included maximum standard uptake (SUVmax), mean standard uptake (SUVmean), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and tumor metabolic volume (MTV).
Results:
In univariate analysis, SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG, tumor size and tumor differentiation were obviously associated with PD-L1 status. SUVmax (rs = 0.42) and SUVmean (rs = 0.40) were moderately positively correlated with the combined positive score (CPS) for PD-L1 in Spearman correlation analysis. The results of multivariable analysis showed that the higher SUVmax (odds ratio = 2.849) and the lower degree of differentiation (Odds Ratio = 0.168), the greater probability of being PD-L1 positive. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that when the cut-off values of SUVmax, SUVmean and TLG were 10.45, 6.75 and 143.4, respectively, the highest accuracy for predicting PD-L1 expression was 77.0%, 71.6% and 62.2%, respectively. The comprehensive predictive ability of PD-L1 expression, assessed by combining SUVmax with tumor differentiation, showed that the PD-L1-negative rate was 100% in the low probability group, whereas the PD-L1-positive rate was 84.6% in the high probability group. In addition, we also found that the H-score of HIF-1α was moderately positively correlated with PD-L1 CPS (rs = 0.51).
Conclusions:
The SUVmax and differentiation of the primary lesion were the optimum predictors for PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer. There was a great potential for 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting PD-L1 status and selecting cervical cancer candidates for PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy.
... We have recently developed GB-ILs based on hydroxyalkylammonium cations (triethanolammonium (TEA)) [22], tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (TRIS) [22], diethanolammonium (DEA) [23], tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium (TPA) [24], bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (BIS-TRIS) [25] and N,N,N′,N′tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diammonium (THEED) [26]) and biologically active carboxylic acids, which proved to be effective buffer agents in 68 Ga-radiolabeling of bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) and peptides. Today, 68 Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals with receptor-targeted peptides have a great clinical impact, especially in PET diagnosis of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors [27][28][29][30]. As is known, the formation of the 68 Ga-chelator complex is possible only in a certain pH range [31]. ...
Ionic liquids (ILs), due to their structural features, have unique physical and chemical properties and are environmentally friendly. Every year, the number of studies devoted to the use of ILs in medicine and pharmaceutics is growing. In nuclear medicine, the use of ILs with self-buffering capacity in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals is extremely important. This research is devoted to obtaining new ionic buffer agents containing N-benzylethanolammonium (BEA) cations and anions of carboxylic acids. A series of new BEA salts was synthesized and identified by NMR (1H, 13C), IR spectroscopy and elemental and thermal analysis. The crystal structures of BEA hydrogen succinate, hydrogen oxalate and oxalate were determined by x-ray diffraction. Newly synthesized compounds were tested as buffer solutions in 68Ga- and Al18F-radiolabeling reactions with a series of bifunctional chelating agents and clinically relevant peptides used for visualization of malignancies by positron emission tomography. The results obtained confirm the promise of using new buffers in the synthesis of 68Ga- and Al18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly metastatic primary bone malignancy, and the treatment options remain inadequate. Hence, exploring innovative natural medications is required. Prunetin (PRU) is an isoflavone that has been a proven anticancer agent in numerous cancer cell lines. However, the activity of PRU against OS remains uncertain.
Materials and Methods
Here, we studied the anticancer activity of PRU (20 and 25 µM) on human OS cells MG-63 and investigated its latent mechanism. The PRU activity of MG-63 cells cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS, metastasis, apoptosis, anti-apoptotic proteins, MAPK/STAT-3, and AKT signaling pathways was assessed by MTT assay, DCFH-DA, DAPI, PI, AO/EB, cell adhesion, and RT-PCR analysis. Findings unveiled that PRU could constrain MG-63 cell viability and adhesion through elevated intracellular ROS and elicited apoptosis.
Results
Likewise, PRU (20 and 25 µM) avert the MG-63 cell proliferation, which stimulates apoptosis by the enhancement of Bax and caspases, while it diminishes Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, PRU could reduce Pin-1, and anti-apoptotic elements, as well as trigger apoptotic signaling pathways. Our data established that PRU alleviates MG-63 cell proliferation and metastasis via ROS-mediated apoptosis, which triggers MAPKs/STAT3 and AKT pathways, suggesting that PRU is a promising natural remedy for OS. In order to comprehend the therapeutic target for cancer, we assessed the effect of PRU on the expression of Pin1, which is thought to be over-expressed in many human malignancies. According to our findings, PRU specifically suppressed Pin1 expression to reduce the expression of Akt, STAT3, P38, JNK, P65, and IL-6. We evaluated the impact of PRU on the expression of Pin1, which is allegedly over-expressed in many human malignancies, to better understand the therapeutic target for cancer. Researchers state that PRU inhibited the expression of Akt, STAT3, P38, JNK, P65, and IL-6 in particular, by suppressing Pin1 expression.
Conclusion
Together, these results suggest that PRU may be an effective treatment for bone cancer in people by preventing Pin1 expression.
