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Mechanism of the CL reaction between the oxalate ester and H 2 O 2 , in the presence of fluorescer and imidazole.
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The present study focused on the synthesis of high purity oxalate esters: bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) and bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbobutoxyphenyl) oxalate (TCCBPO), and further on their incorporation into potentially applicative polymer composites. The organic compounds were characterized through NMR and the composites obtained were e...
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... detailed 4-step mechanism regarding the CL reaction between the oxalate ester and H 2 O 2 , in the presence of fluorescer and imidazole, is illustrated in Fig. 3. The oxalate ester (repre- sented here by TCPO) reacts in the stage determinant for the reaction rate, with the imidazole catalyzed by another imidazole molecule, leading to the formation of 1,1 0 -oxalyldiimidazol (ODI) (1st step). ODI reacts with H 2 O 2 leading to a peracid-like deriva- tive (2nd step), which, in its turn, through ...
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Two sonochemiluminescence mechanisms were established in peroxide solutions. The sonochemiluminescence intensity often exceeds the sonoluminescence intensity of solvents caused by inelastic collisions of cavitation bubbles in the gas phase. In solutions of peroxides, whose chemiluminescence decomposition proceeds via the monomolecular peroxide deco...
Citations
... Further efforts were made to synthesize new chemiluminescence materials in 2013 by Razvan Petre and Teodora Zecheru. This study focused on high-purity synthesis of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) and bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6carbobutoxyphenyl) oxalate (TCCBPO) [4]. In 2015, Pourya Biparva et al. also studied the application of chemiluminescence by adding silver nanoparticles to TCPO-H2O2-safranin O as a chemiluminescence system for the measurement of 6-mercaptopurine [5]. ...
This research studied the effect of solvent ratio on chemiluminescence widely applied in glow sticks using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate as solvents. The fluorescent solution, as a mixture of diphenyl oxalate solvent and fluorescent dye rhodamine B, was stimulated by a 405 nanometre laser for fluorescent spectrum measurement before the chemiluminescence experiment. The fluorescent solution concentration and solvent ratio were varied. For the chemiluminescence experiment, diphenyl oxalate was dissolved in the solvents and combined with rhodamine B that interacted with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile, resulting in chemiluminescence. The duration and intensity of light were measured by a photodiode detector. Results revealed that the concentration and solvent ratio of the fluorescent solution impacted the fluorescent spectrum due to opacity and solubility. Increasing ethyl acetate and decreasing dichloromethane gave a longer duration of light. The intensity of light in some ratios alternated high and low. Light emitted for a long time at high intensity is suitable for applications. Solvent ratios at 3:7 and 5:5 (1:1) gave better results than the other samples.
... The normalized emission spectra of PVOLEDs are shown in Figure 4(b) as a function of the rubrene composition. With a small addition of DBP to rubrene (95% rubrene ratio), the emission spectrum was changed from that of rubrene [17,18] to DBP [15,17,19]. The emission spectra from high DBP ratio devices (rubrene ratio of 0∼50%) became red-shifted from the previously known DBP emission spectra. ...
We report the dependence of the characteristics of photovoltaic organic light-emitting diodes (PVOLEDs) on the composition of the light-emission and electron-donating layer (EL-EDL). 5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene): dibenzo{[f,f í®í° ]-4,4 í®í° ,7,7 í®í° -tetraphenyl}diindeno[1,2,3-cd:1 í®í° ,2 í®í° ,3 í®í° -lm]perylene (DBP) was used to form the EL-EDL, and C 60 was used as an electron-accepting layer (EAL) material. A half-gap junction was formed at the EAL/EL-EDL interface. As the rubrene ratio in the EL-EDL increased, the emission spectra became blue-shifted and the light-emission efficiency increased. The highest emission efficiency was achieved with an EL-EDL composed of 95% rubrene and 5% DBP. The short-circuit current decreased as the rubrene content increased up to 50% and then saturated, while the open-circuit voltage was almost unchanged regardless of the rubrene content. The power-conversion efficiency and fill factor increased as the composition of the EL-EDL approached that of pure materials. By controlling the rubrene : DBP ratio, the emission color could be adjusted. The emission efficiency of devices with mixed rubrene/DBP EL-EDLs could be greater than that of either pure rubrene or pure DBP devices. We obtained an overall power-conversion efficiency of 3% and a fill factor greater than 50%.
... The synthesis protocol was previously detailed in [5]. In brief, 21.6 grams of bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbo-butoxyphenyl)oxalate (TCCBPO) and 80 mL of dibutylphtalate (DBP) were placed in a 100 mL brown flask equipped with magnetic stirrer, thermostatic heating bath, thermometer and condenser fitted with a calcium chloride drying tube. ...
The present study focused on the synthesis of bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6- carbobutoxy-phenyl)oxalate and the peroxide component for the manufacture of a novel chemiluminescent system for night signaling. The minimum luminous flux necessary was established and the processing parameters for the manufacture of the plastic cover of the chemiluminescent system were set. The tests performed after 12 months from the vials filling with the chemiluminescent components returned satisfactory results in terms of light emission and mechanical stress.
