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Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the oldest, yet most profound conducting polymer discovered. It’s ease of synthesis, high conductivity, and environmental stability in the doped state makes it very attractive for a variety of potential applications. However, its insolubility and lack of redox stability has hindered many commercial applications. Consequ...
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... the oxidative polymerization conditions produce PANI and PANI-analogs with variation in their structures and properties due to the many side reactions taking place simultaneously. While the overall mechanism is likely quite complex, a simplified mechanism for aniline polymerization in acidic media (pH < 2) is typically agreed to involve the initial formation of aniline radical cations (Figure 5a) that can undergo para-coupling forming a dimer (4ADA), due to the ortho/para (o, p) directing nature of the amine functional group. These dimers can likewise be oxidized to their cation radical form and couple with an additional aniline cation radical to form a trimer. ...
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... dimers can likewise be oxidized to their cation radical form and couple with an additional aniline cation radical to form a trimer. This coupling process repeats until all monomer and/or oxidant expire, and the chain-growth process is terminated (Figure 5b-d) [13,41]. The utility of this method enables easy scale-up to produce large quantities of PANI powders. ...
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... to the chemical-based oxidative polymerization route, electrochemical polymerization also involves the oxidation of aniline monomers, and its mechanism closely resembles that of oxidative polymerization ( Figure 5) [39,40]. Likewise, low pH (pH < 2) is preferred to achieve an electrically conductive PANI film. ...
Citations
Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) is from the conductive polymer family and derivative of polyaniline. It can be mainly synthesized in two routes, chemical synthesis produces a powdered polymer, whereas electrochemical synthesis produces thin films. The plain POA explored for the anticorrosive applications on aluminum, copper, and brass surface. The POA is also explored in nanoparticles and nanofibers form. Along with plain POA, the composites of POA are popular and various materials such as carbon nanotube, graphene, vanadium pentoxide, cerium dioxide, are explored for the synthesis of POA composites. The POA composites find application as catalyst, for anticorrosive coating, for conductivity and membrane applications. The composites are used for sensor, detector, ion exchange membrane, anticorrosive coating on steel and aluminum substrate. The various derivatives of POA such as poly(2‐anisidine), poly(aniline‐co‐2‐anisidine), poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine‐co‐o‐toluidine), poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine), and poly(o‐anisidine‐co‐o‐toluidine) are explored in the literature and they have shown better performance as compared to the plain POA in terms of anticorrosive coating as well as they used in development of sensors and detectors. The health hazards of POA is slightly touched at the end of the review hence the study gives the brief idea about POA, its composites, POA derivatives with its wide range of applications in various sectors.
