Fig 5 - available from: Colloid and Polymer Science
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Mechanical properties: (a) elastic moduli, E (MPa), (b) stress at break point, σ break (MPa), (c) elongation at break, ε break (mm/mm%), evaluated on the analyzed film
Source publication
The paper reports the preparation of a novel material composed of pectin chemically modified with polycaprolactone (PCL). PCL was firstly functionalized through radical grafting of maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate in the molten state and then used as grafting agent onto pectins from apple, using a solvent free process. The obtained materi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... fact, the maximum pyrolytic decomposition step, evaluated as the weight loss at 50%, increases of 66 °C passing from 262 °C for pectin to 328 °C for m-PCLPectin. Figure 5 reports the elastic modulus, E (MPa), evaluated on the films of the analyzed samples. Pure pectin shows the higher modulus, being a very stiff and brittle material, while the m-PCL displays the lowest modulus, being a thermoplastic polymer with very low Tg. ...
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Electrospinning is a process to produce versatile nanoscale fibers. In this process, synthetic and natural polymers can be combined to produce novel, blended materials with a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties. We electrospun biocompatible, blended fibrinogen:polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with diameters ranging from 40 nm to...
Citations
... The composition pectin(12%)/ PANi(3%) was discovered as the maximized composition with a high tensile strength of 55.48 ± 0.65 MPa and a modulus strength of 63.30 ± 0.43 MPa. This combination of desirable mechanical properties will make the double-layer composite a dynamic and versatile scaffold for drug delivery [156]. ...
Biodegradable poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and its composites or blends have received a lot of attention in the last decade because of their potential applications in human life and environmental remediation. Greater efforts have been made to develop biodegradable chemical materials as adsorbents that do not pollute the environment in order to replace traditional materials. Among the numerous types of degradable materials, PCL is currently the most promising, the most popular, and the best material to be developed, and it is referred to as a “green” eco-friendly material. Membranes and adsorbents for water treatment, packaging and compost bags, controlled drug carriers, and biomaterials for tissues such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skeletal muscle, skin, cardiovascular and nerve tissues are just some of the applications of this biodegradable polymer (PCL). The goal of this review is to present a brief overview of PCL, syntheses of PCL, its properties, PCL composites, and PCL blends and to provide a detailed investigation into the utility of PCL/PCL-based adsorbing agents in the removal of dyes/heavy metal ions. Overall, it can be confirmed that PCL blends and composites were found to be significant competitors to other well-known adsorbents in the treatment of wastewaters, necessitating a thorough investigation of their manufacture.
... According to analysis of mechanical properties, pectin's high rigidity and stiffness, as shown by stress at break and elongation at break point, severely 24 restrict its use in the flexible packaging field. However, this limitation might be overcome thanks to the approach, as elongation at break is significantly increased [151]. ...
Biodegradable poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and its composites or blends have gotten a lot of attention in the last decade because of their potential applications in human life and environmental remediation. As a result, there is a growing interest in the synthesis of PCL-composites/blends and their applications. Greater efforts have been made to develop biodegradable chemical materials as adsorbents that do not pollute the environment in order to replace traditional materials. Among the numerous types of degradable materials, PCL is currently the most promising, the most popular, and the best material to be developed, and it is referred to as the "green" eco-friendly material. Membranes and adsorbents for water treatment, packaging and compost bags, controlled drug carriers, biomaterials for tissues such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skeletal muscle, skin, cardiovascular and nerve tissues are just some of the applications of this biodegradable polymer (PCL). The goal of this review is to present a brief overview of PCL, its properties, syntheses of PCL, PCL composites, and PCL blends, but to provide a detailed investigation into the utility of PCL/PCL-based adsorbing agents in the removal of dyes/heavy metal ions.
... and 700 • C Potential active food packaging material. [24] Pectin-copaiba oil nanoemulsions The incorporation of NPs such as cellulose nanofibers, [105] cellulose nanocrystals [7], and ZnO [8] also improves the properties of starch. Tibolla et al. [105] developed a bionanocomposite film by using cellulose nanofibers isolated from the unripe banana peel by acid hydrolysis as reinforcement agents in a matrix of banana starch. ...
... Pectin is a natural, renewable, and abundant polysaccharide in plant cell walls consisting of α (1-4) galacturonic acid monomers with different degrees of esterification [24]. It is an acid and water-soluble polymer that is used in industry as a stabilizing thickening, encapsulating, and gelling agent. ...
... Pectin's beneficial characteristics, such as being biodegradable, renewable, cheap, gas permeable, and film-forming, make it a good material for edible films, biodegradable films, or gels used in food packing. However, pectin has certain characteristics that are not beneficial, such as negative mechanical properties, brittleness, low thermal stability, high solubility in water, and no antimicrobial properties [24,26,40,95,127]. ...
Biopolymer-based packaging materials have become of greater interest to the world due to their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, numerous biopolymers—such as starch, chitosan, carrageenan, polylactic acid, etc.—have been investigated for their potential application in food packaging. Reinforcement agents such as nanofillers and active agents improve the properties of the biopolymers, making them suitable for active and intelligent packaging. Some of the packaging materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, are currently used in the packaging industry. The trend of using biopolymers in the packaging industry has increased immensely; therefore, many legislations have been approved by various organizations. This review article describes various challenges and possible solutions associated with food packaging materials. It covers a wide range of biopolymers used in food packaging and the limitations of using them in their pure form. Finally, a SWOT analysis is presented for biopolymers, and the future trends are discussed. Biopolymers are eco-friendly, biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable, and biocompatible alternatives to synthetic packaging materials. Research shows that biopolymer-based packaging materials are of great essence in combined form, and further studies are needed for them to be used as an alternative packaging material.
... Pectin is a popular polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of some plants, such as citrus fruits, sugar beetroot, and apple pomace [16,17]. It has a long history of safe application in the pharmaceutical and food industries. ...
Curcumin, as a bioactive compound, has shown promising activity in cancer treatment, although having poor water solubility and bioavailability. Here, gliadin was extracted from wheat gluten and combined with pectin to encapsulate curcumin through an antisolvent precipitation method to enhance its bioavailability. The curcumin-gliadin-pectin (Cur-G-P) nanocomposite was characterized by DLS, FTIR, XRD, AFM, TGA-DTG, and TEM analyses. Under the optimum synthesis condition (pH = 4.5 and protein content of 3.2 w/v%), average particle size, PDI, and ζ-potential of the nanocomposite were 97 nm, 0.29, and − 23 mV; the curcumin encapsulation efficiency and nanocomposite particle yield were 75 and 92%, respectively. The developed core–shell spherical nanocomposite was pH-sensitive and had a high curcumin release of 87% within 240 min under acidic pH. Furthermore, the encapsulated curcumin showed cytotoxic effects against MCF7 and Saos2 cell lines up to 80.02 and 78.06%, respectively. Conclusively, Cur-G-P can be a promising nanocomposite for cancer treatment studies.
Graphical Abstract
... It is observed in the diffractogram of pectin several peaks at 2θ equals to 12.5°, 12.9°, 18.3°, and 25.7° indicative of their crystalline structure. Cabello et al. [33] and Gorrasi et al. [34] observed similar diffractograms in pectin samples and indicated that peaks at 12° and 23° are characteristic of this polymer. The Mt diffraction spectra present a well-defined peak at 7° (corresponding to a clay inter-layer), 19°, and 35° typical of this clay structure. ...
The wastewater treatment, particularly the removal of organic contaminants, is often carried out by adsorption with solids. Hydrogels present a great swelling capacity that can be enhanced by the incorporation of nano-clays such as montmorillonita (Mt). Methylene blue is a common component of industrial effluents and its ecotoxicity in well-known. The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of hydrogels based on pectin and brea gum with Mt nanoparticles. The hydrogels were physically characterized, it was observed that Mt is exfoliated into the matrix, and affects the swelling and erosion of them. Incorporation of Mt caused an increment of swelling of approximately 150% at pH 6.5. The effects of various experimental parameters have been investigated. The temperature effect on the adsorption rate indicated an endothermic process with activation energy of 33.231 kJ mol⁻¹. The removal % of MB at 45 °C, pH 2.5 and 75 mg L⁻¹ of MB solution presented a value of 97%. The adsorption kinetic was analysed through different mathematical models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle, and Boyd models). Statistics and further analysis of the kinetics constants indicated that the pseudo-second order model better represents the behaviour of the samples. The application of intra particle model and Boyd model indicates that the adsorption phenomenon occurs in two stages. The first stage, of short duration, is related to the boundary layer. The second stage, which controls the process, is related to the chemical adsorption of the dye on the polymeric structure of the hydrogel.
... ATR spectra were collected for all samples and are depicted in Figure 4. ATR spectra were collected for all samples and are depicted in Figure 4. The appearance of a very broad band between 3000 and 3600 cm −1 is attributed to the OH bond vibrations of the secondary alcohol of pectin [38], while the characteristic bands of aliphatic hydrocarbons related to the stretching, bending, and rocking vibrations of CH groups are visible at 2930 and 2860 cm −1 [39]. The vibration peak at 1645 cm −1 can be mainly attributed to bound water. ...
... Therefore, the decomposition of volatile products as well as the oxidation of carbon residues could have a catalytic effect, promoting pectin oxidation [25]. The appearance of a very broad band between 3000 and 3600 cm −1 is attributed to the OH bond vibrations of the secondary alcohol of pectin [38], while the characteristic bands of aliphatic hydrocarbons related to the stretching, bending, and rocking vibrations of CH groups are visible at 2930 and 2860 cm −1 [39]. The vibration peak at 1645 cm −1 can be mainly attributed to bound water. ...
In the framework of designing a novel bio-coating for the preservation of fresh fruits, this paper reports the design, preparation, and characterization of novel bio-nanocomposites based on pectin loaded with grapefruit seed oil (GO), a natural compound with antimicrobial properties, encapsulated into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The vacuum-based methodology was used for the encapsulation of the oil into the hollow area of the nanotubes, obtaining nano-hybrids (HNT-GO) with oil concentrations equal to 20, 30, and 50 wt%. Physical properties (thermal, mechanical, barrier, optical) were analyzed. Thermal properties were not significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the filler, while an improvement in mechanical performance (increase in elastic modulus, stress at breaking, and deformation at breaking up to 200%, 48%, and 39%, respectively, compared to pure pectin film) and barrier properties (increase in water permeability up to 480% with respect to pure pectin film) was observed. A slight increase in opacity was detected without significantly compromising the transparency of the films. The release of linoleic acid, the main component of GO, was followed for 21 days and was correlated with the amount of the hybrid filler, demonstrating the possibility of tailoring the release kinetic of active molecules. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the prepared bio-composites as an active coating, fresh strawberries were coated and compared to uncoated fruit. Qualitative results showed that the fabricated novel bio-coating efficiently extended the preservation of fresh fruit.
... With the rapid development of society and substantial improvement in the living standards of people, plastic products have been widely used and have gradually become an indispensable part of daily life, work, and travel [2,3]. For different occasions and environments, plastic products should meet certain performance indicators [4,5]. For example, in cable materials, in addition to meeting the requirements of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and abrasion resistance, plastic products should show good electrical insulation [6]. ...
As a common substance in production and life, phthalic acid esters (PAEs), the main component of plastics, have brought more and more serious problems to the environment. This study normalized the insulation, toxicity, and bioconcentration data of 13 PAEs to eliminate the dimensional coefficients of each index, and then used the comprehensive index method to calculate the comprehensive effect value of PAEs with three properties. The comprehensive effect value was used as the data source to construct the 3D-QSAR model of PAE molecular comprehensive effect. The DAP was selected as the target molecule, the distribution of each force field in the three-dimensional equipotential map was analyzed, and 30 molecular modification schemes were created. The constructed single-effect models of insulation, toxicity, and bioconcentration of PAEs and the scoring function module of DS software were used to evaluate the stability and environmental friendliness of PAE derivative molecules. Four PAE derivatives were screened for increased comprehensive effects, enhanced insulation, and reduced toxicity and bioconcentration. By calculating the binding energy of the target molecule and the derivative molecule with the degrading enzyme under different applied electric fields, it was found that the binding energy of DAP-1-NO2-2-CH2C6H5 decreases more than DAP does when there is an applied electric field, indicating that the degradation ability of degrading enzymes on PAE derivative molecules is reduced, which indirectly proves that the insulation is enhanced. The innovation of this paper lies in the insulation, toxicity, and bioenrichment data of PAEs being processed by mathematical method for the first time, and PAEs with high insulation, low toxicity, and low bioconcentration were designed by building a comprehensive model.
... As reported elsewhere [12], HNTs were functionalized by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through in situ reduction of Ag + ions on their surface. Halloysite nanotubes were extensively employed in different kind of applications, such catalysis [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], pharmaceutics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], biomedicine [27][28][29], cosmetics [30][31][32], oil/water separation [33] and packaging [34][35][36][37][38][39]. ...
New temperature-responsive hybrid nanomaterials based on modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) containing grafted polymer brushes with silver nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated. We used a three steps process including synthesis of the initiating coatings onto HNTs surface, fabrication of the POEGMA - poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)ethyl ether methacrylate) grafted brushes and synthesis of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis and properties of hybrid nanomaterials were studied by FT-IR, TGA and DLS methods. It is shown that the introduction of AgNPs, formed from 0.005 M AgNO3 solution leads to a significant reduction of low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer layer from 29.7 to 21.6 °C. The samples fabricated from 0.05 M AgNO3 solution did not evidence a temperature-induced transition, despite of the contents of AgNPs obtained for both solutions are almost identical (≈4%w). The presence of AgNPs with sizes of ca. 20 nm was confirmed in the hybrids prepared from both AgNO3 concentrations by UV-vis spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. These temperature-responsive hybrid nanomaterials may be used for conservation of solid substrates, production of advanced medical facemasks, photothermal therapy against microorganisms and tumors etc.
... [131] Plasticization or grafting strategies are indispensable to obtain thermoplastic-like materials. [132] Besides, fairly high amounts of plasticizers are necessary to overcome pectin's inherent brittleness. [133,134] Thanks to pectin's great oxygen barrier properties, pectin composites and blends have been developed for biodegradable and potentially edible food packaging. ...
During the last decades, thermoplastic packaging market has rapidly grown thanks to the rapid increase of global consumption, globalization and the unbeatable compromise between properties and large availability of relatively cheap commodity polymers. Recent awareness of the urgency of dealing with environmental concerns has stimulated the R&D on green materials such as biobased and biodegradable polymers, in this case mainly for short-term packaging applications. Main advantages are a lower environmental impact and a controlled end of life by enzymatic degradation till mineralization to resolve the complex equation linked to the waste management. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the variety of existing biobased and biodegradable polymers and their corresponding mul-tiphasic systems, in connection with their production, relative properties and applications for packaging. ARTICLE HISTORY
... It is reported that HNTs modified with chitosan is suitable for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles [33], whereas the combination of halloysite and paraffin drives to the preparation of self-heating catalyst for the solar energy storage [34]. Besides their green catalysis applications, halloysite was used as ecocompatible nanomaterial for remediation [35][36][37] and biomedical purposes, including tissue engineering [38][39][40], drug delivery [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and cosmetics [46][47][48][49][50]. Furthermore, HNTs were used as nanofillers of biopolymers for the development of functional bioplastics [51][52][53][54][55]. ...
Hypothesis
Electrostatic attractions between the anionic head group of sodium alkylsulphates and the positively charged inner surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) drive to the formation of tubular inorganic micelles, which might be employed as nanoreactors for the confinement of non polar compounds in aqueous media. On this basis, sodium alkylsulphates/halloysite hybrids could be efficient nanocatalysts for organic reactions occurring in water.
Experiments
Sodium decylsulphate (NaDeS) and sodium dodecylsulphate (NaDS) were selected for the functionalization of the halloysite cavity. The composition, the structure and the surface charge properties of the hybrid nanotubes were determined. The actual formation of inorganic micelles was explored by studying the microviscosity and polarity characteristics of the surfactant modified nanotubes through fluorescence spectroscopy experiments using DiPyme as probe. The performances of the sodium alkylsulphates/halloysite composites as micellar catalysts for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction were investigated.
Findings
The halloysite functionalization with sodium alkylsulphates generated the formation of hydrophobic microdomains with an enhanced microviscosity. Compared to the surfactant conventional micelles, the functionalized nanotubes induced larger enhancements on the rate constant of the BZ reaction. This is the first report on the surfactant/halloysite hybrids showing their efficiencies as reusable nanocatalysts, which are dependent on their peculiar microviscosity and polarity properties.
