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Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has a small effect on pork and beef market in Poland in spite of the fact that it has a wide range of instruments at its disposal. Elimination of customs barriers after the accession of Poland to the European Union in May 2004 increased the trade of pork and beef mainly with the Community countries what resulted, fi...
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... Pero, en comparación con otros países de la Unión Europea, la producción sigue presentando una estructura muy fragmentada, con escalas de producción muy bajas, lo que lleva a importar grandes cantidades de lechones para la cría y carne principalmente desde Dinamarca. A lo anterior, se suma el hecho de una integración vertical y horizontal poco desarrollada, con escasa colaboración entre productores de cerdos y procesadores de carne [19,26]. ...
La carne de cerdo (CdC) es el segundo tipo de carne producido en el mundo, siendo Europa la segunda región en importancia productiva después de Asia. Dentro del mercado europeo de CdC, Dinamarca y Polonia son dos actores relevantes que presentan algunas diferencias en sus sistemas productivos (SP). El objetivo fue estudiar las variables que explican el comportamiento de la producción de carne porcina y la eficiencia técnica relativa de los SP tomando en cuenta las diferencias en los sistemas. Se utilizó modelos de frontera estocástica de producción del tipo Translog, para muestras de productores porcinos en el periodo 2010-2015. Los resultados indican que las muestras de productores de ambos países presentan niveles de eficiencia altos, con valores de 0,899 y 0,859 para Dinamarca y Polonia, respectivamente. Los factores más importantes que explican la producción de cerdos son los alimentos y el capital. Además, Polonia presenta crecimiento tecnológico significativo en el periodo estudiado sin mostrar cambios en la eficiencia, mientras que, Dinamarca no presenta progreso tecnológico y adicionalmente muestra una baja en la eficiencia técnica relativa en el periodo.
The evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been conditioned by a number of factors. Among them is the so-called external aspect of the CAP on which this work focuses, being the main objective to analyze the relationship between the evolution of the CAP and the negotiations leading to the liberalization of international agricultural trade, which were held within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the same way, we also consider the consequences for European agricultural foreign trade derived from the commitments assumed by the European Union (EU) in those two negotiating forums. To achieve these objectives, this research proposes two working lines: first, a literature review for better understanding how international agricultural trade has been regulated since the end of the Second World War to the present, and second, a research effort to know the possible implications that said regulation have had for the evolution of European agricultural foreign trade. In this latter case, the issue is addressed through an empirical analysis using two of the main specialized statistical databases in international trade: EUROSTAT and COMTRADE. The results of the research show that, as the changes introduced by the CAP reforms have been consolidated (based on the trade commitments assumed by the EU), there has been a gradual decrease in the share of European exports in the international markets for continental products.
