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Measurements for the location of the tip of lingula and the mandibular foramen from the lower point of the mandibular notch. mn; mandibular notch, tip; the tip of the lingula, mf; mandibular foramen, IP; the intersection of the inferior border and the parallel line to the posterior border on the mandibular notch.
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Interest in the correction of jaw deformities has increased due to the development of techniques and instruments of jaw operation. The accurate position of the mandibular foramen and lingula is important for the prevention of the complications and successful inferior alveolar nerve block. This study was conducted on 104 dried mandibles (65 males, 3...
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Background: Determining the exact location of mandibular foramen is an important factor prior to Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN) block injection. The aim of this study is to assess the position of Mandibular Foramen (MF) and its variations using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: This study was conducted on CBCT images of 80 females and 8...
Citations
... After the teeth fall out, body of mandible gets smaller, angle of the mandible extends and becomes approximately 140°. Knowing about such morphometric changes is important for clinical and forensic sciences (6)(7)(8). Visual analysis of the human skeleton is difficult, for this reason, metric analysis, which provides objectivity, should be used for the evaluation of bones (9). Evaluation of the mandible before and after orthodontic treatment and mandibuloplasty is important in terms of both aesthetic and chewing and speech functions. ...
Background: The mandible is a very important bone for forensic medicine, anthropology, anatomy and odontology sciences. This bone has many functions such as speaking, chewing and swallowing. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between morphometric parameters ob-tained from the head of the mandible and other parameters of the mandible.Materials and Methods: In our study, 45 dry mandible bones were used. These bones were photo-graphed and measured in the Image J program. These measurements were the distance of the head of the mandible to mental foramen (right, left), the distance of the head of the mandible to angle of the mandible (right, left), the distance of the head of the mandible to gnathion (right, left), the distance of the head of the mandible to coronoid process (right, left), the distance of the head of the mandible to the mandibular notch (right, left), the distance of the head of the mandible to alveolar juga (right, left) and the distance between right and left head of the mandible.Results: While no difference was found in terms of direction in dry mandibles with correlation anal-ysis (p>0.05), a high significant correlation was found in 18 parameters (p≤0.05).Conclusions: In our study, correlations were found between parameters obtained from the head of the mandible and other parameters of the mandible.
... After the teeth fall out, body of mandible gets smaller, angle of the mandible extends and becomes approximately 140°. Knowing about such morphometric changes is important for clinical and forensic sciences (6)(7)(8). Visual analysis of the human skeleton is difficult, for this reason, metric analysis, which provides objectivity, should be used for the evaluation of bones (9). Evaluation of the mandible before and after orthodontic treatment and mandibuloplasty is important in terms of both aesthetic and chewing and speech functions. ...
http://www.utsakcongress.com/kitaplar/9._utsak_%C3%B6zet_kitab%C4%B1.pdf
... Similarly Sang-Wan et al. [35], in a study on 104 dry mandibles of a Korean population, found that the occlusal plane was between the mandibular foramen and the tip of the lingula in 47.7% of cases, and at the same level as the tip of the lingula in 35.6% of cases. ...
Background:
the position of the mandibular lingula (Li) affects the success rate of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and ramus osteotomies. This study evaluated the position of the Li, to investigate the anatomical relationship between the Li and some anatomical measurements using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods:
201 hemimandibular CBCTs of 111 patients (43 males and 68 females; 18 to 88 years old) were retrospectively evaluated. The Li location was determined from the lingula tip to: the occlusal plane, the anterior and posterior borders of the mandibular ramus, the lower border of the mandible, the distal surface of the mandibular second molar, and the mandibular notch. We evaluated the correlations between the Li and the anteroposterior diameter of the mandibular ramus; the vertical distance between condyle and mandibular angle; the mesial-distal diameter of the first, second, and third mandibular molar, the intercanine distance, the intermolar distances among the first, second, and third mandibular molars; the distance between the intermolar line of the first molar and midline, and the length of the mandibular body.
Results:
the vertical distance of the Li from the occlusal plane was 11.22 ± 4.27 mm. Some parameters significantly correlated with the anatomical measurements taken into consideration.
Conclusions:
the present study provides new information concerning the Li and mandibular anatomy in the Italian population. Moreover, by correlating some anatomic measurements to the Li position, the localization of the Li is made possible, indirectly through the measurement of some distances between anatomical landmarks.
... 11 The location of the mandibular lingula has been found to be variable. 10,12,13 This variation implies a certain risk of injuring the inferior alveolar nerve. 14,15 The most important clinical landmarks used in inferior alveolar nerve block are the coronoid notch and the pterygomandibular raphe. ...
... 11 Previous studies reported that most of the lingula was positioned at the same level as the coronoid notch. 10,12 The height of the injection of the inferior alveolar nerve block is first ascertained by placing the thumb in the coronoid notch and positioning the needle parallel to the occlusal plane. 11 Prognathic mandibles generally have a lingula that is positioned higher than the coronoid notch, making it more difficult for the operator to insert the needle at the correct height. ...
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the location and the shape of the mandibular lingula in skeletal class I and III patients using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography.
Materials and Methods
The sample group included 190 skeletal class I patients and 157 class III patients. The location of the lingula in relation to the deepest point of the coronoid notch was classified into 3 types using panoramic radiographs. The shapes of the lingulae were classified into nodular, triangular, truncated, or assimilated types using cone-beam computed tomographic images. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results
The tips of the lingulae were at the same level as the coronoid notch in 75.3% of skeletal class I patients and above the coronoid notch in 66.6% of class III patients. The positions of the lingulae in relation to the deepest point of the coronoid notch showed statistically significant differences between class I and class III patients. The most common shape was nodular, and the least common was the assimilated shape. Although this trend was not statistically significant, the triangular shape was more frequently observed in class III patients than in class I patients.
Conclusion
The locations and the shapes of the mandibular lingulae were variable. Most of the lingulae were at the same level as the coronoid notch in skeletal class I patients and above the coronoid notch in skeletal class III patients. The nodular and assimilated-shaped lingulae were the most and the least prevalent, respectively.
... In our study, the distance from the mandibular foramen to the posterior border of mandible was smaller than the distance from the mandibular foramen to the anterior border of mandible; in other words, the mandibular foramen was closer to the posterior border. Similarly, studies on Korean [26], Indian [8] and Chilean [25] populations showed that the mandibular foramen was closer to the posterior border. Mbajiorgu et al. [24] demonstrated that the position of mandibular foramen was 2.5 mm and 2 mm posterior to the mid-point of ramus width in the right and left sides, respectively. ...
... According to the current findings, the mandibular foramen width was 5.44 mm in the right and 5.37 mm in the left side. Lee et al., [26] in their study on a Korean population measured the horizontal and vertical diameter of mandibular foramen to be 4 mm and 2-3 mm, respectively. ...
... According to the current findings, the horizontal diameter of mandibular foramen in males was significantly greater than that in females; whereas, Lee et al., [26] found that the mean horizontal and vertical diameters of the mandibular foramen in males were smaller than the corresponding values in females and the difference regarding the vertical diameter was statistically significant. Our study found no significant association between age and parameters related to the location of mandibular foramen in the right or left side. ...
Mandibular foramen is an important anatomical landmark for successful local anesthesia in the mandible. However, it has considerable anatomical variations. This study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional position of mandibular foramen in a subpopulation residing in the west of Iran using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This descriptive and analytical study evaluated CBCT scans of 120 patients (50 males, 70 females) with a mean age of 33.78±12.85 years. Two observers measured the distance from the mandibular foramen to the anterior and posterior borders of ramus, mandibular notch, base of the mandible, apex of the retromolar triangle and third molar tooth/socket on CBCT scans. Panoramic images were reconstructed of CBCT scans with 1 mm slice thickness and the width of the mandibular foramen and the size of the gonial angle in the right and left sides were measured on the reconstructed images. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18 using paired and independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (P<0.05). No significant difference was noted in any of the measured distances between the right and left sides (P>0.05). Vertical distances in males were significantly greater than those in females (P<0.05). The measured values had no significant correlation with age (P>0.05). Mandibular foramen was mainly located in the posterior third of the ramus in the horizontal plane in our study population.
... [9,10] There are significant differences reported on the location of MF among different racial groups. [11][12][13] The aim of the study is to determine the precise location of the MF in relation to the borders of the mandibular ramus and to locate the quadrant of the ramus in which the mandible foramen is located in the East zone of the Indian population (Jharkhand). ...
... If we compare our work with some other ethnic groups, then we see that the distance of the MF to the angle of the anterior ramus which were 16 mm and 16.27 mm on the right and the left side, respectively in our study, these were 16.9 mm on the right and 16.78 mm on the left side in Turkish population as reported by Oguz and Bozkir. [12] According to Lee [13] whose study was on Korean samples, the MF was located posteriorly to the midpoint of the AP width of the ramus. It was located at 57.3% of the AP width of the anterior border. ...
Context: The position of mandibular foramen (MF) is an important anatomical landmark for effective anesthesia in dentistry for many procedures, including dental extraction from the lower jaw and putting mandibular implants. Several causes have been examined in this context, and the uncertainty in the location of the MF has been examined to be a major factor for the high failure rate of anesthesia and complications of the orthodontic procedure.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the position of the MF relative to six bony landmarks on the ramus in the population of Jharkhand.
Subjects and Methods: The different parameters were measured in 30 dry adult′s mandibles that were obtained from the Department of Anatomy. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed.
Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test.
Results: The mean distance between the MF and the respective landmarks was noted as 16.00 ± 3.50 mm for the anterior border, 10.21 ± 2.34 mm for the posterior border, 20.48 ± 3.89 mm for the superior border, 24.15 ± 4.97 mm for the inferior border, 33.46 ± 6.08 mm
for the condyle, and 12.31 ± 4.88 mm for the internal oblique ridge for the right side. On the left side, these distances were 16.27 ± 3.9 for the anterior border, 10.28 ± 5.24 for the posterior border, 20.15 ± 3.8 for superior border, 24.86 ± 4.04 for inferior border 32.48 ± 4.73 for condyle, and 10.93 ± 4.06 for the inferior oblique ridge. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the distance to either side from selected 5 landmarks, the only exception being the condyle.
Conclusions: Condyle and internal oblique ridge have been shown to be two new landmarks that may be used to find MF. Bilateral symmetry has been shown for all landmarks except for condyle.
... 104 dried mandibles (65 males, 39 females) from Korean cadavers were studied by Sang Wan Lee. [13] According to him the mandibular foramen was located posteriorly to the midpoint on the Anteroposterior (AP) width of the ramus. It was located at 57.3% of AP width from the coronoid notch and 56.5% from the occlusal plane. ...
To evaluate the variation in the position of the mandibular foramen and mandibular canal in patients with and without temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
100 temporomandibular joints were evaluated of which 50 joints were ankylosed joints (Group A) and the rest 50 were normal joints (Group B) without ankylosis. These groups were further divided into those with growing potential (less than 18 years) and those without growing potential (above 18 years). The position of the mandibular foramen was measured from its center to the glenoid fossa, sigmoid notch, coronoid notch, gonion and posterior border on CBCT scans. The position of the mandibular canal was measured from the outer aspect of the canal to the lower border of the mandible, buccal and lingual cortical plates and the alveolus in the region of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars.
The mean distance of the foramen from the base of the skull in Group A was 19.01 mm while the same for Group B was 31.26 mm. The mandibular foramen was found to be closer to the occlusal plane (5.43 mm) in Group A as compared to the mean distance of 6.21 mm reported in Group B. There was no significant difference in the position of the foramen from the posterior border, gonion and sigmoid notch between the groups. The mental foramen was seen more commonly posterior to the 2nd premolar and closer to the first molar region in Group A while in Group B it was seen anterior or near the 2nd premolar. In Group A, the mean distance of the canal to the buccal cortical plate in the 1st and 2nd molar regions was 3.65 mm and 5.76 mm, respectively, while in Group B it was 6.09 mm and 6.59 mm. The canal was further away from the lower border in ankylosis cases (8.79 mm) than the control group (7.41 mm). On comparing the unaffected side in unilateral cases with the normal mandible, the canal and the foramen location were similar to that of a normal mandible with the values in the lower range that is usually seen in normal mandibles.
Ankylosis of the mandible is a debilitating condition especially when it develops in an individual prior completion of growth as it can affect the mandibular anatomy. Understanding the variations that accompany a deranged mandible can assist the surgeon in planning of surgical procedures in a manner that limits the possible complications resulting from surgery.
The technique of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block must be based on precise anatomical knowledge regarding the correct position of the mandibular foramen (MF). The aim of the investigation reported here was to determine the anatomic and topographic localization of the MF according to mandibular ramus anatomic landmarks and to identify morphological alterations in the position of the MF and size and shape of the ramus in terms of the impact of tooth socket loss in the molar and premolar region. Seventy-three dry human adult mandibles were divided into two groups according to dental status. These were measured to determine the distances from the anterior and posterior ramus border (AB, PB) to the midpoint of the MF fossa, and from the mandibular notch (MN) and inferior ramus border (IB) to the MF entering point. A number of relevant ramus anatomic features were analyzed, such as ramus width (RW), height (RH), and thickness (RT). The MF was closer to the PB and IB in edentate mandibles (right/left mean PB-MF 10.66 ± 1.84/11.06 ± 2.05 mm; right/left mean IB-MF 21.77 ± 3.23/21.8 ± 2.27 mm) compared to dentate mandibles (right/left mean PB-MF 11.87 ± 2.08/12.04 ± 1.94 mm; right/left mean IB-MF 22.94 ± 3.09/22.74 ± 3.74 mm). Edentate mandibles demonstrated reduced RW (right/left mean RW 26.03 ± 3.53/26.49 ± 3.90 mm), significantly reduced (p = 0.03) right RH (right/left mean RH 43.56 ± 4.74/45.43 ± 4.86 mm), and significantly reduced (p < 0.05) RT in the area of the MF fossa depression (right/left mean RT 5.52 ± 1.21/5.21 ± 0.91 mm) compared to dentate mandibles (right/left mean RW 27.34 ± 3.84/27.48 ± 3.80 mm; right/left mean RH 46.33 ± 4.52/47.40 ± 4.20 mm; right/left mean RT 7.86 ± 1.98/8.10 ± 1.92 mm). Alterations in MF position and mandibular ramus anatomic features in edentate mandibles increase the potential risk of complications and failure of IAN block.
In this paper, we consider an insurance portfolio containing several types of policies which may simultaneously face claims arising from the same catastrophe. A renewal counting process for the number of events causing claims and multivariate claim severities which are dependent on the occurrence time and/or the delay in reporting or payment are assumed. A unified model is proposed to study the time-dependent loss quantities such as the discounted aggregate reported/unreported claims and the number of the incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims. We then derive the joint moments of (i) different types of discounted aggregate claims until time ; and (ii) different types of discounted aggregate reported/unreported claims (including the total numbers of IBNR as special case) until time . Finally, some numerical examples involving covariances and correlations of the aforementioned quantities are provided.
