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![Table 2 . Engine specifications [14]](publication/323499638/figure/tbl1/AS:670336941051910@1536832189325/Engine-specifications-14_Q320.jpg)
This research investigates the performance and emissions of an engine by biogas and gasoline. The experiments use biogas of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with turbocharger at engine loading conditions (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Watt). Specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are used to compare engine performance, and emission analysis is...
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... emissions, which investigated include carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen (O2) levels. Tables 3 and 4 show the measurement data of exhaust gas composition when using gasoline and biogas of POME. A note that CO emissions arise because at the time of burning process occurs lack of oxygen. ...
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Abundant of palm oil waste creates huge potential in producing biogas. Technically, biogas can be fed as an input gas into the fuel cell system to get the electricity output. This paper aims to estimate the life cycle costs and environmental impact for the biogas feed to the solid oxide fuel cell system in two different models: Individual System an...
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Enriched biogas is a promising alternate fuel candidate for compression ignition engines which are used in transportation sector. However, utilization of enriched biogas in compression ignition engines under dual-fuel mode suffer a major problem of high hydrocarbon emission particularly at part load operations. Main causes for this problem are inadequately understood which foils for active penetration of dual-fuel technology in the automotive market. To address this research gap, the current work is focused to investigate the effects of flame quenching and crevice gas (i.e., trapped between cylinder barrel and piston rings) on hydrocarbon emission formation. Investigation was carried out on enriched biogas dual-fuel engine of 3.7 kW rated power at 1500 rpm at part load of 50%. It was explored that both quench and crevice hydrocarbon emissions together are in the range of 60% to 92% of total hydrocarbons. Total hydrocarbon emission level increased from 2 g/kWh with base diesel operation to 56 g/kWh with 77% enriched biogas energy share. Overall, it is emerged that the crevice mechanism plays a dominant role for high hydrocarbon emission levels in enriched biogas dual-fuel engines.
The bucket elevator is material transfer equipment which function is essential in the process of processing fresh fruit bunches into palm oil, the value of effectiveness and economics is the basis for designing equipment in a factory, and bucket elevators have a certain angle. This study aims to analyze the motor power, bucket speed, and damping capacity with varying slope angle. The analysis is done by making an angle of 30,45,60,80, and 90 degrees, with as the angular variation was analyzed. Theoretically, the result shows that at the slope of 30 degrees power of the motor is 3.2 kW. The bucket speed at 6.7 m/s the damping capacity 0.00062 m ³ , bucket speed of 4.6 m/s damping capacity 0.00088 m ³ , at the slope of 60 degrees motor power 5.7 kW. The bucket speed of 3.8 m/s damping capacity 0.00106 m ³ at the slope of 80 degrees motor power 7.04 kW, bucket speed of 3.1 m/s damping capacity 0.00128 m ³ , at the slope of 90 degrees motor power 4.9 kW, bucket speed of 4.5 m/s damping capacity 0.00098 m ³ . The results above and analysis shows that the slope of the bucket angle on the elevator affects motor power bucket speed and damping capacity.
One of the alternative fuel that can be used for Otto engines is bioethanol. Bioethanol has a high octane number and higher oxygen content than gasoline and produced emissions are more environmentally friendly. This research to determine the Otto engine stationary four-stroke performance when using a gasoline-bioethanol mixture. The study was carried out with variations in the composition of the mix of bioethanol-gasoline, variations in engine speed and load engine. The experiment results show that the maximum thermal efficiency obtained is 29.63% when using gasoline at 1000 rpm and the load of 20 kg. The minimum SFC value is obtained 284.47 gr/kWh at 1000 rpm when using gasoline for the load of 20 kg. The SFC has increased when using a bioethanol-gasoline mixture. However, the exhaust emissions produced when the engine uses a mix of bioethanol-gasoline, it becomes more environmentally friendly.
This study focuses on the Eart-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) which serves to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning units, and analyze the thermal performance of air-ground heat exchangers using computational fluid dynamics modeling and validated against experimental observations. The simulation used is for flow-resisting, incompressible, turbulent, and 3-dimensional. Simulations were carried out using finned iron and PVC 3.0 “with a thickness of 2 mm and a length of 6.7 m. The simulation conditions were limited to the fluid flow with variations of the velocity of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, and 3 m/s. The average air temperature outlet from 3D simulation using Ansys 17.0 software was obtained 25.45 °C for the velocity of inlet air of 1 m/s, 25.73 °C for a velocity of 2 m/s, and 25.84°C for the velocity of inlet air of 3 m/s. The experimental results obtained of 25.99 °C for a velocity of 1 m/s, 26.33 °C for a velocity of 2 m/s, and 26.0 °C for the velocity of inlet air of 3 m/s. The highest deviations between the simulation and experimental results were obtained at -3.04% for the velocity of 3 m/s, and the lowest deviation is -10.28% for the velocity of 1 m/s. The average of COP value of the simulation results is 0.703 for the velocity of 1 m/s, 0.624 for the velocity of 2 m/s, and 0.774 for the velocity of 3 m/s, while the experimental results are obtained 0.6307 for the velocity of 1 m/s, 0.5417 for the velocity of 2 m/s, and 0.7504 for the velocity of 3 m/s. For the average effectiveness value of the simulation results were obtained of 0.956 for the velocity of 1 m/s, 0.940 for the velocity of 2 m/s and 0.960 for the velocity of 3 m/s, while the experimental results were obtained of 0.8590 for the velocity of 1 m/s, 0.8164 for the velocity of 2 m/s, and 0.8970 for the velocity of 3 m/s.
This article aimed to determine the performance of the Peltier cooler box system that utilizes solar power for storing vegetables and fruit. The advantage of the Peltier cooling system is that it does not consume electricity and environmentally friendly. The thermoelectric component is coupled with a heat sink where a small fan is placed on the outside, and another fan is set inside the cooler. Data is obtained from the measurement system and then analyzed so that the performance of the cooling system can be determined. The experiment is carried out in a location that is exposed to solar radiation. The process of measuring weather conditions is carried out by using a weather instrument. To record the temperature distribution on each component of the Peltier cooling system are used thermocouples which are connected to the data acquisition. Experimental results show that the minimum temperature that can be achieved on vegetables and fruits ranging from 17.324°C. The average temperature of vegetables and fruits during the experiments varies from 22°C. The results of this experiment indicate that the Peltier cooler box tested can be used to maintain the freshness of vegetables and fruits. The maximum COP value of the Peltier cooling system tested is 0.670, and the minimum COP value is 0.428.
This work studied experimentally the performance and exhaust gas emission of a diesel engine coupled with a catalytic converter run on dual-fuel mode using refined biogas resulted from agricultural waste. The content of methane on the biogas is 70%. The experiments were carried out at constant load 1500 kW. The engine rotation varies from 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm. The biogas flow rate varies from 0 to 6 L/min. The output power of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode is better than the engine operated with pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency of the diesel engine with flow rate of 2 L/min and 4 L/min is better than diesel only. The specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine operated on dual-fuel mode is higher than pure diesel mode. The opacity number of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode is better than pure diesel mode. However, the CO number and HC number of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode are higher than pure diesel mode. The diesel replacement ratio is within the range 15.6% % to 74.8%. It is recommended to run the present diesel engine in dual fuel mode with biogas flow rate 2 L/min - 4 L/min.
Utilization of magnetic instrument is one effort to improve the performance and reduce exhaust emission produced by Otto engine. The experiments are done by varying the engine speed and variation of magnetic instrument mounting distance to the inlet valve when entering the combustion chamber. A magnetic instrument is installed in the intake manifold, before heading into the combustion chamber. The experimental results show that it is found that there is an increase in thermal efficiency and decreasing of fuel consumption when the engine uses 2500 gauss magnetic instrument ranging from 5.99 to 22.02%. The emissions of exhaust gas produced also reduced for CO and HC levels about 6-20%.
