Measurement area of primary columnar crystal deflected angle.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... deflected angle of PCC was calculated. Figure 1 shows the measurement area of the columnar crystal deflected angle. The deflected angles were measured in four rectangle areas with the size 2.5 mm×5 mm, located at 5 mm~25 mm from billet surface in triangular area on the cross-section. ...

Context 2

... carbon contents at four positions shown in Figure 1 were measured. To characterize macrosegregation, a carbon segregation index was calculated, which indicates whether the carbon is depleted or not. Figure 3 displays the dendrite morphology obtained by using M-EMS or EMSFN. ...

Context 3

... number of negative angles in the outermost area reaches 45% with increasing the current of EMSFN to 600 A. To demonstrate the influence of this growth direction fluctuation on the billet quality, the angle difference between the first layer (5 mm~10 mm) and the second layer (10 mm~15 mm) is calculated and compared with those obtained using only M-EMS. Figure 10 gives two kinds of differences in deflected angle. It indicates the differences between the positive deflected angles, or those between the negative deflected angles in the first layer and the positive deflected angles in the second layer. ...

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... indicates the differences between the positive deflected angles, or those between the negative deflected angles in the first layer and the positive deflected angles in the second layer. Figure 11 shows the angle differences between the two outermost layers. With increasing the current of EMSFN from 200 A to 600 A, the number of angle differences with high value increases significantly and is more than that when using only M-EMS. ...

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... Figure 11. Angle differences between the two outermost layers after double stirrings. ...

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... verify the effect of the double stirrings on solute element distribution, carbon segregation on the cross-section of the square billet was investigated. Figure 12 shows that carbon segregation index when the current of EMSFN is 600 A. When using only M-EMS, the segregation indexes at 10 mm and 70 mm from the billet surface are 0.971 and 1.083, respectively, indicating the solute elements depleted at the billet surface and enriched at the billet center. After using double stirrings, due to the block effect of the interlaced dendrite structure, the carbon-negative segregation at the billet surface is alleviated, leading to less carbon transported to the billet center. ...