Table 2 - uploaded by Mostafa El Gammal
Content may be subject to copyright.
Means and Standard error (SE) of Physico-chemical parameters of the coastal water of Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) in Different season.
Source publication
Phytoplankton abundance in relation to some physicochemical characters of the costal water of Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) was studied for one year. The sampling program included 15 locations in Dammam, Saihat, Al-Qatif, Al-Awamia and Safwa. Water samples were analyzed monthly for these parameters; temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrit...
Similar publications
The bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is one kind of migratory fish from the lake to the river mainly supposed to spawn. This study aimed to determine food kinds and feeding time whenever they migrate.. The study was conducted in Naborsahan River, Toba lake, North Sumatra. Sampling was done every 1 hour using Cast net. The results showed that...
span>In this paper, a total 46 algae belonging to 34 genera and 3 classes (Chlorophyceae 54%, Bacillariophyceae 28%, Cyanophyceae 18%) have been reported from Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta, Nepal. Among these, 13 algae were reported as new to the country. Genera Ankistrodesmus , Closterium, and Desmodesmus had maximum number of species whereas 25 genera...
The present study was conducted to identify phytoplankton and characterize the physico-chemical parameters of waters from the fish cage belt at Magat Dam Reservoir, Philippines. Five stations were established along the fish cage belt at Magat Reservoir, namely: Station 1 (Magat Aqua Park), Station 2 (Namnama), Station 3 (Halag 1), Station 4 (Halag...
Phytoplankton constitutes an important component of the aquatic ecosystems, both lentic as well as lotic. They are vital for the functioning of aquatic food chain and also contribute significantly to the total oxygen production in the world. Thus, knowledge of phytoplankton availability in an ecosystem is of utmost importance. The present study was...
Some diatoms are rich food for herbivorous copepods, while others are toxic for their recruitment. No negative effect of diatom Cylindrotheca closterium was ever observed for copepods, and some estuarine copepods preferred it as a food. Data on grazing diatoms by abundant now in the Black Sea coastal waters invasive copepod Oithona davisae are stil...
Citations
... Thus, IMTA has been widely accepted as a feasible option for the future of aquaculture (Chopin et al., 2012). Phytoplankton, as the main primary producers in water ecosystem, play important roles in the water quality regulation (Gammal et al., 2017), and their status also vary substantially along mariculture activities (Wu et al., 2015). However, the effects of IMTA imposed on phytoplankton are still unclear. ...
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) has been considered as an ecofriendly culture system providing a potential solution to environmental risks caused by intensive monoculture system. However, the impact of IMTA on phytoplankton remains unclear. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay were investigated seasonally based on 21 sampling sites covering three cultivation zones (bivalve zone, IMTA zone, and kelp zone) and one control zone (without aquatic cultivation). In total, 128 phytoplankton species, with diatoms and dinoflagellates as the dominant groups, were obtained across the whole year, and the mean Shannon diversity index (H') and species richness (SR) were determined as 1.39 and 9.39, respectively. The maximum chlorophyll a (Chl-a) (6.32 µg L −1) and plankton diversity (H' of 1.97) occurred in summer and autumn, respectively. Compared to other zones, the bivalve zone displayed significantly higher Chl-a and lower H' in majority of time. Pairwise PERMANOVA analysis indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone was significantly different with the control and kelp zones, while the IMTA zone maintained close to other three zones. Based on generalized additive models, temperature, NO 2 −-N, N/P ratio, SiO 3 2−-Si, and salinity were determined as the key factors underlying Chl-a and phytoplankton diversity. Additionally , the results of redundancy analysis further indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone is positively related with nutrients such as NO 3 −-N and NH 4 +-N as well as water depth, while the phytoplankton assemblages in the kelp, control, and IMTA zones are associated with NO 2 −-N, SiO 3 2−-Si, and salinity. Taken all observations into consideration together, it can be inferred that IMTA can effectively reduce Chl-a level compared to bivalve monoculture by reducing the nutrients. However, the SR, H', and species composition of phytoplankton are primarily determined by local environment factors such as temperature, water depth, salinity and SiO 3 2−-Si.
... wansbeckii was detected as the dominant species in this environment. Species such as C. closterium, N. acicularis, and P. micans were reported in highly alkaline environments (Gosselain et al. 1994;El Gammal et al. 2017). The presence of low SAL optima species (Trachelomonas manginii) in this group can be explained by the high correlation of this species with ALK. ...
Although the effect of salinity on phytoplankton community structure has been studied in many coastal lagoons at different times, it has not been studied simultaneously in different lagoons that are not on the same delta but are geographically close to each other. In the present study, the effect of temporal and spatial changes in salinity on the phytoplankton biovolume, species richness, diversity, and species composition was investigated seasonally in 2020 and 2021 in 6 coastal lagoons of Marmara Basin (Türkiye). In more saline lagoons, phytoplankton biovolume, species richness, diversity, and the total number of species were lower. In lagoons which salinity values were approximate, the species composition was similar. Although the salinity in the lagoons did not show significant change seasonally, biovolume values were lower in Mert lagoon in the fall of 2020 when the salinity values were higher compared to the spring of 2021. Moreover, the considerable decrease in salinity shifted the dominant species structure from high salinity optima species to low salinity optima species in this lagoon. Other effective parameters in the seasonal distribution of dominant species were detected as temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, and nitrate nitrogen.
... Biological analysis of treated water showed that negligible abundance and diversity of planktons (Table 5) in comparison to that expected for a nutrient rich water body (El Gammal et al., 2017). This can be attributed to competitive nutrient uptake and release of allelopathic substances by macrophytes to suppress the growth of planktons (Mohamed, 2017). ...
Sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems requires eco-friendly and low-cost remediation techniques. Present study is based on comparing the phytoremediation potential of four macrophytes for domestic wastewater treatment, uniquely focusing on a wide array of water quality chemical and microbial parameters. Eichhornia crassipes did not show appreciable growth during preliminary phase and was, therefore, excluded from the study. During experimental phase, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes and Polygonum hydropiperoides were cultivated in domestic wastewater filled in fiber glass tanks under four treatments for 28 days. After 14 days of macrophytes cultivation, the Chemical Oxygen Demand of the water ranged from 66.38 ± 1.72 mgL⁻¹—75.61 ± 16.26 mgL⁻¹ in all treatments, indicating a reduction of 65.28% to 73.61% from the initial value of 149.38 ± 0.88 mgL⁻¹. In the case of L. minor, Biochemical Oxygen Demand of domestic wastewater reduced from 412.0 ± 4.24 mgL⁻¹ to 306.0 ± 138.59 mgL⁻¹ after 21 days of cultivation, exhibiting 88.63% removal efficiency. L. minor, P. hydropiperoides and mixed macrophytes showed 100% removal efficiency for soluble sulfide and hydrogen sulfide after 14 days compared to P. stratiotes which showed complete removal of sulfide after 21 days. Total ammonia nitrogen and unionized ammonia nitrogen were not detected in either treatment after 14 days of phytoremediaton. Pathogenic bacteria also showed remarkable decrease from > 1600.0 MPN.100 ml⁻¹ in source water to 315 – 635 MPN.100 ml⁻¹ in treated water. Phytoremediation can, therefore, be utilized as a viable and eco-friendly mitigation measure to treat domestic wastewater.
... Every year, considerable changes have an impact on phytoplankton communities [8]. A direct relationship between increase in pollution levels and phytoplanktonic abundance has been established [9]. Water quality changes have been found to influence the diversity and abundance of phytoplanktons both in marine and freshwaters [10,11]. ...
... The salinity value is still within the normal range to be able to support aquatic biota. Dramatic changes in salinity that occur in dry seasons (high evaporation rates) can affect green algae and cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems [9,31]. ...
... It was slightly alkaline, around 8. The pH value in alkaline range depicts the promotion of primary productivity that causes increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. El-Gammal et al. [9] reported that phytoplankton can reach a maximum growth value at pH 8 especially for the Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Cyanophyceae families. Similarly, according to Haroon and Hossain [33] which states that pH values between 8.0 and 8.6 are ideal alkaline conditions for phytoplankton growth in waters. ...
Coastal waters serve as critical ecosystems, supporting diverse marine life and offering invaluable resources to human communities. Understanding the distribution and dynamics of biological pigments, such as chlorophyll and phytoplankton, is essential for assessing the health and productivity of these ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has revolutionized our ability to monitor these pigments, providing a synoptic view of coastal waters. Sentinel-2A, a European Space Agency satellite, offers high-resolution multispectral data, making it a valuable resource for coastal studies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Sentinel-2A data integration techniques for the observation of biological pigments in coastal waters along the coasts of Mediterranean Sea (Abu-Qir Area) from seven different sampling sites for the presence of different chlorophyll forms. Water samples were collected and physico-chemical characteristics like dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and chlorophyll were measured. In chlorophyll estimation, different forms of were calculated viz. chl a, b, c and carotenoids using different methodologies. Images from the Sentinel Multispectral Imager (MSI) sensor were taken on the same sample date. The phyto-planktonic forms, carotenoids, and their ratios in the sampling sites were also determined analytically. With the integration of satellite images (Sentinel 2A), results indicated types of chlorophyll, ca-rotenoids, and ratios' distributions in the Abu-Qir Area of the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Our results demonstrate that the kind of species, illumination levels, and nutrient concentrations may all affect how much chlorophyll is absorbed by phytoplankton. Additionally, the band ratios of the different pigment types were found to be connected, such as b3/b8, or the same band might interact with other bands like b5, b4, b6, and b7, or b8a. Additionally, it was noticed that the green band and near infrared bands were useful for detecting pigments integrated with sampling datasets.
... In total, 45 species belonging to five phytoplankton communities have been so far identified in the PG, with the highest density observed during May and June, and the lowest occurring in November and December (El Gammal et al., 2017;Subba Rao and Al-Yamani, 1998). Phytoplankton communities are thus better related to environmental variability than individual species (Naser, 2011). ...
... Unlike pico-planktons, nano-planktons could exhibit significant variability in surface waters and surface-bottom differences during the day. Overall, micro-planktons showed the highest variability under low and high light conditions, followed by pico-and nano-planktons (El Gammal et al., 2017). Consequently, the relationships between water quality parameters and IOPs with phytoplankton organisms in the coastal area of the PG were highly interdependent. ...
In this study, the absorption coefficients of phytoplankton community (aPh(λ)), Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) [aCDOM(λ)], and Non-Algal Particles (NAP) [aNap(λ)] were analyzed in the northern Persian Gulf, a Mediterranean-type semi-enclosed marginal sea, through seven cruise expeditions conducted from May 2018 to February 2022. The highest and lowest aPh(443) values were observed in the shallow area (depth ≤20 m) during the wet season (November–April) (0.043 ± 0.004 m-1) and within the deep area (depth >20 m) through the dry season (July–September) (0.024 ± 0.003 m-1), respectively. The chlorophyll-specific absorption (a*Ph(λ)) values increased from the deep to shallow areas as well as the wet to dry seasons. A significant difference was further detected in a*Ph(λ) magnitude at the blue (443 nm) and red (675 nm) wavelengths, with the mean values of 0.0124/0.0223 m2 mg−1 and 0.0069/0.0135 m2 mg−1 in the wet/dry seasons, respectively. The mean values of aCDOM(443) in the shallow area during the wet season (0.10 ± 0.001 m-1) were significantly larger than those in the deep area during the dry season (0.06 ± 0.002 m-1). Similarly, aNAP(443) decreased from the shallow (0.056 ± 0.021 m-1) to deep areas (0.019 ± 0.011 m-1), and from the wet (0.035 ± 0.020 m-1) to dry (0.029 ± 0.015 m-1) seasons. The statistical analysis revealed that the differences in aCDOM(λ) and aNAP(λ) spectral distribution were not statistically significant for the duration of the wet and dry seasons, whereas significant differences were observed in the shallow and deep samples. During both wet and dry seasons, the magnitude of the blue-green absorption spectra was dominated by CDOM, but the red bands were associated with phytoplankton dominated samples. The ratio of aCDOM(λ)/a*Ph(λ) was utilized as an index for uncertainty assessment to estimate Chl-a concentrations by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard Chl-a algorithms for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS; OC3M) and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) (OLCI; OC4v6). The results additionally demonstrated that the satellite-derived Chl-a was overestimated due to higher aCDOM(λ) and underestimated owing to lower a*Ph(λ) at the low (<0.5 mg m−3) and high (>3 mg m−3) concentrations of Chl-a, respectively. The study findings established that the red bands should be considered for tuning or developing new Chl-a algorithms in the Persian Gulf.
... In the same manner, salinity exhibited slight variations among beaches, correlated mainly with the variations in temperature, EC and TDS. The highest average salinity was recorded at El Maamourah beach (37.503 ± 0.145) matching with the highest recorded EC and TDS at the same beach, besides the influence of high evaporation rate (El Gammal et al., 2017). El Mandrah showed the maximum average of DO (6.967 ± 0.985mgO 2 l − 1 ), which may be associated with the high photosynthetic activity (Elsayed et al., 2019). ...
... However, higher abundances have been reported in the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar than in this study (Table 1). Also, the phytoplankton abundance in the coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf (100 -1903 No. L -1 ) is in line with this study (El Gammal et al., 2017). The phytoplankton abundance reported in this study is higher than that of the four commercial harbours of Sri Lanka (Table 1). ...
... Lavinia, Unawatuna, and Polhena (Weerakoon et al., 2017). Some 45 species of phytoplankton belonging to 5 groups have been reported in the Arabian Gulf with dominance of diatoms (48% and 23 species; El Gammal et al., 2017). A total of 62 phytoplankton species belonging to the same groups reported in Sri Lanka have been reported in the Uppanar ...
This study evaluates the phytoplankton community structure in relation to physicochemical properties in the western and southwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected from March to April, 2017 at three transect lines towards offshore in Colombo, Beruwala, and Mirissa, each containing 10 sampling sites. The distance between sampling stations on each transect line was approximately 2 km. Phytoplankton samples were collected towing a net (10 µm mesh) by vertical hauls from known depth (2.5 m) and preserved in Lugol’s solution. The phytoplankton were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and counted under the Sedgwick rafter cell using a light microscope. Water samples were collected at 0.5 m depth using the Ruttner Sampler and analysed for chlorophyll-a, nutrients, and total suspended solids (TSS). This study identified 57 phytoplankton species comprised of diatoms (33 species), dinoflagellates (23 species), and cyanobacteria (1 species). In general, phytoplankton abundance and species diversity decreased towards offshore in the three transects. Total phytoplankton and diatom abundances varied significantly among the three transect lines, and significantly higher abundance was reported at Mirissa and Colombo than at Beruwala (One-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Total phytoplankton abundance significantly correlated with dinoflagellates, toxic species of dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a, and nitrate-N (p < 0.01). Ten toxic species of dinoflagellates were reported in the study. Diatoms dominated (60%) in the study area, followed by cyanobacteria (31%) and dinoflagellates (9%). Diatoms of Cerataulina sp. (31%) and Navicula sp. (50%) were dominant in Colombo and Mirissa respectively, while cyanobacteria of Trichodesmium sp. (85%) dominated in Beruwala, indicating the possibility of blooms of this species at study sites when environmental conditions are favourable.
... Ajayan and Ajit Kumar (2017) suggested that phytoplankton diversity and abundance effectively monitor deteriorating water conditions. On the other hand, water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen regulate the species composition of phytoplankton (El Gammal et al., 2017). ...
... This result agrees with Noyma et al. (2015) who suggested that massive and harmful blooms often contribute by cyanobacteria species to the depletion of the water quality as DO is depleted in the water. Previous results stated that the DO level declined with an increase in temperature and salinity (El Gammal et al., 2017). ...
... In this study, DO showed a strong negative correlation with phytoplankton abundance (r = -0.458). The negative correlation of DO was probably due to the decomposition of organic matter, detritus and other aquatic life that used oxygen and produced carbon dioxide (El Gammal et al., 2017). Besides, Hu et al. (2018) reported that DO in river water, which was negatively correlated with phytoplankton abundance, was affected by the reproductive status of phytoplankton, as the increased rate of growth and reproduction of phytoplankton necessitated an enormous consumption of DO. ...
Phytoplankton is an important biotic component that interacts with other communities in an aquatic ecosystem. This study explored the zooplankton communities and their interactions among various water quality parameters that may affect their abundance and distribution in Pinang River. Pinang river is known to the locals as the dirtiest river in Penang due to its role in the assimilation of industrial, municipal wastewater and manure discharge. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected from three different sampling locations in the river. A total of 81 phytoplankton taxa belonging to seven phyla were identified. Bacillariophyta was the most dominant phylum of the total phytoplankton communities (43 taxa), followed by Chlorophyta (23 taxa), while Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta were represented by 8, 3 and 2 taxa, respectively. The dominant species of Bacillariophyta were Nitzchia sp., Navicula sp. and Pinnularia sp. which were recorded as the highly abundant species found at all stations. Our results clearly showed that there was a strong, positive correlation between ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration and phytoplankton abundance (p < 0.01), indicating the importance of ammonia to phytoplankton growth.
... Moreover, the small range of DO variation is indicative of a system in equilibrium. During this study, the DO had a negative significant correlation with the total phytoplankton density which alines with the study of El Gammal et al. (2017) in the Arabian Gulf. DO saturation in the seawater is dependent on many factors like the photosynthesis rate of phytoplankton whereby O2 molecules are produced and the strong wind blowing on the seawater surface. ...
Soondur M, Kaullysing K, Ramah S, Bhagooli R. 2023. Diversity, density and photo-physiology of micro-phytoplankton from degraded and non-degraded reefs around Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 7: 108-121. This study aimed at investigating the variations in micro-phytoplankton diversity, density and photo-physiology between a degraded, Anse Aux Anglais (AAA) in the north, and a non-degraded, Port Sud-Est (PSE) in the southeast, reefs around Rodrigues Island, Republic of Mauritius. Sampling was carried out in summer and winter seasons from 2016 to 2019 at the two sites, PSE and AAA. Micro-phytoplankton samples were collected using a plankton net of 5µm and conserved with Lugol’s solution. Physico-chemical parameters namely temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ph were recorded in situ. Seawater samples were collected for nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentration analyses. The Total Micro-Phytoplankton Densities (TMPD) did not differ seasonally for the whole period from 2016 until 2019 but there was a significant difference station-wise (P < 0.01), with higher TMPD recorded at the non-degraded reef of PSE. PSE exhibited the higher species diversity. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were more abundant at PSE while the cyanobacteria showed higher densities at AAA. Genera like Licmorphora, Gonyaulax, Polykrikos, Trichodesmium, and Lygnbya, reported worldwide to possibly cause mortality and/or changing community structure of corals, were recorded at both PSE and AAA though not at blooming densities. Photo-physiological assessment of micro-phytoplankton, using a Diving Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (D-PAM) fluorometer, varied significantly both seasonally and spatially. These findings indicated that the non-degraded reef site had higher micro-phytoplankton density, diversity and photo-physiological performance than the degraded one, implying that degraded reefs may not only be characterized by the benthic cover and/or their health status but also the biological parameters from the water column.
... In Status of dissolved oxygen condition in the lake water Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a significant role in the metabolism of aquatic organisms in wetland ecosystems (Antony & Ignatius, 2015). The distribution, abundance, assemblage, and structure of phytoplankton species are related to water quality especially DO concentration (Bhateria & Jain, 2016;Gammal et al., 2017;Sisodia & Chaturbhuj, 2006). Dissolved oxygen level ranges between 1.63 and 5.76 mg L −1 (av. ...
Coastal lakes and estuaries are considered economic drivers for coastal communities by delivering invaluable economic and ecosystem services. The coastal ecosystems are facing recurrent hypoxia events (dissolved oxygen; DO < 2.0 mg L⁻¹) and are emerging as a major threat to ecosystem structure and functioning. The Ashtamudi Lake, (area = 56 km²), is one of the Ramsar sites in the State of Kerala and located on the SW coast of India. The waterways are extensively used for backwater tourism and for fishery activities. This paper discusses the spatio-temporal variation of water quality attributes with emphasis on hypoxia during non-monsoon and monsoon seasons. The extent of hypoxia on fishery diversity was discussed. The Southern Zone, adjacent to the urban area, shows the hypoxic condition with higher concentration of BOD, NO3-N, and NH4-N. The hypoxic condition is largely limited to the Southern Zone in both seasons. The occurrence of low DO in the lake is highly related to salinity and organic load in the lake system. The tracking of pollution sources in the lake system was also done through identification of pollution potential zones and found that catchments adjacent to Southern and Western Zones (urban regions) are the major source of pollution. The study suggests that hypoxia is chiefly attributed to anthropogenic interventions in the form of discharge of wastes into the lake causing overloading of nutrients and organic effluents, decrease in the freshwater supply, the absence of proper freshwater mixing or dilution, and effluent discharge from nearby urban centers.
