Fig 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Means ± SE of plant growth traits. Japanese larch seedlings were sampled approximately 1.5 months after inoculation with ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and 2.5 months after fertilization (pre-drought assessment). LF, 0.5 g (low-dose fertilization); HF, 2 g (high-dose
Source publication
Climate change can intensify drought in many regions of the world and lead to more frequent drought events or altered cycles of soil water status. Therefore, it is important to enhance the tolerance to drought and thus health, vigor, and success of transplantation seedlings used in the forestry by modifying fertilization and promoting mycorrhizatio...
Similar publications
Canopy temperature (CT) is often interpreted as representing leaf activity traits such as photosynthetic rates, gas exchange rates, or stomatal conductance. Accordingly, CT measurements may provide a basis for high throughput assessments of the productivity of wheat canopies during early grain filling, which would allow distinguishing functional fr...
Citations
... The research results of a number of scientists show different data on the productivity of algae grown on wastewater. A relatively high uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by algae is usually described, but the total uptake of nitrogen is lower, since organic nitrogen was most likely not absorbed by algae [19]. At the same time, the average yield obtained over the entire cultivation period was 3.3±0.3 ...
... The results show that the application of fertilizer on Q. variabilis seedlings produced from different seed sizes, promoted phenotypic and plasticity changes, as well as differences in their allocation patterns. This is because the species respond differently during growth and biomass production (stem and root) to the fertilization stimulus imposed (Agathokleous et al., 2022;Pająk et al., 2022), at an early age and independent of the germplasm size. ...
Objective: To determine the phenotypic plasticity between fertilized (F) and unfertilized (UF) Q. variabilis seedlings developed in a nursery using small, medium, and large seeds. Design/methodology/approach: By analyzing the phenotypic traits of growth (height and diameter at root collar) and root and stem dry biomass, plasticity indices and allocation patterns were assessed, and phenotypic traits in which the interaction effect of the seedling fertilization and seed size was observed. Results: The results showed significant differences (p-value≤0.05) in the growth and biomass traits except for the root dry biomass, and significant differences were found both in the fertilization and seed size factors and in the fertilization and seed size interaction in phenotypic traits. For plasticity, all traits showed marked changes in response to the nutrient application, and small seeds had the highest plasticity indices. With respect to phenotypic change indices, medium seeds reached the highest values (0.94 for height and 0.92 for diameter). Large seeds recorded the highest index for root dry biomass (1.01), and medium seeds had the highest values of plasticity for stem dry biomass (0.81). Allometric differences were observed (intercepts were 1.8374 and 3.4956, and slopes were 4.0943 and 1.7038 for UF and F seedlings, respectively), and variations in the study factors (fertilization and seed size). Limitations on study/implications: In order to improve the survival of plants in the field it is necessary to use seeds with high quality. Findings/conclusions: Fertilization of Q. variabilis seedlings increases their biomass production, which allows for greater growth and survival compared to unfertilized ones.
... In the intensive cultivation process of artificially fast-growing plantations, fertilization is an important measure to quickly supplement the soil nutrients required to improve productivity [1,2]. Research has found that the effect of fertilization on soil nutrient availability depends on plant type and microbial community [3]. At present, relevant research mainly ...
Fertilization is an important measure to quickly supplement the soil nutrients required for plantation productivity. However, the response patterns of the microbial community and functional taxa in Larix plantation root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil to short-term and consecutive fertilization have rarely been reported. In this study, we assessed Larix root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil microbial community on days 0, 5, 15, and 30 after the first inorganic fertilization and after three consecutive years of fertilization. The bacterial 16S and fungal ITS high-throughput sequencing technology were used to monitor changes in microbial community composition and potential functional groups, as well as changes in soil nutrient content and enzyme activity to evaluate the status of plantation soil productivity. Consecutive fertilization treatment significantly increased the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) content and soil enzyme activity. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed that there were significant differences in microbial community composition in root samples, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil samples. The dominant microbial taxa were different between root and soil microbial community composition. Consecutive fertilization treatment had little effect on endophytic microbial community but significantly increased the abundance of Gaiellales in rhizosphere soil and Mortierella in bulk soil. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and co-occurrence network analyses showed that Gaiellales and Mortierellales had significant positive correlations with soil nutrient content and enzyme activity. The fungal functional group compositions were significantly affected by consecutive fertilization treatment and the proportions of ectomycorrhizal and saprotroph significantly decreased, but the proportion of endophyte significantly increased in bulk soil samples. Our results suggested that consecutive fertilization may promote soil nutrient availability by increasing the abundance of Gaiellales and Mortierella. Consecutive fertilization maintained the balance of the soil microbiota under Larix plantation and had a positive effect on promoting soil nutrient availability. This study provided a theoretical basis for consecutive fertilization to promote soil nutrient availability through specific microbial groups.
... Moreover, droughts can hamper socioeconomic development for food and water security, especially in the face of growing population and consumption demands (Han et al., 2022). Climate change exacerbates the odds of worsening drought, especially in already dry areas, through higher temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns around the world (Hassanzadeh et al., 2012;AghaKouchak et al., 2015;Agathokleous et al., 2023). Drought severely impacts social, economic, and environmental sectors, accounting for approximately 22% of total damage and 3% of deaths globally (Wilhite et al., 2007). ...
Climate change has increased the vulnerability of arid and semi-arid regions to recurrent and prolonged meteorological droughts. In light of this, our study has sought to assess the nature of future meteorological drought in Lake Urmia basin, Iran, within the context of future climate projections. To achieve this, data from 54 general circulation models (GCMs) was calibrated against both in situ and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre datasets. These GCMs were then employed to project drought conditions expected over 2016–2046 under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 as the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, respectively. To provide a comprehensive analysis, these RCPs were combined with two different time scale Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), leading to eight different scenarios. The SPI was calculated over two temporal scales for the past (1985–2015) and future (2016–2046), including the medium-term (SPI-6) and long-term (SPI-18) index. Results showed that while precipitation is expected to increase by up to 34%, parts of the basin are projected to face severe and prolonged droughts under both RCPs. The most severe drought event is expected to occur around 2045–2046 under the most pessimistic RCP8.5 scenario. Severe droughts with low frequency are also anticipated to increase under other scenarios. By characterizing meteorological drought conditions for Lake Urmia basin under future climate conditions, our findings call for urgent action for adaptation strategies to mitigate the future adverse effects of drought in this region and other regions facing similar challenges. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the impacts of climate change on future droughts that can adversely influence water resources in arid and semi-arid regions.
... During microalgal growth, the outer layer of this polysaccharide-based mucilage is continuously dissolved into the surrounding medium, resulting in an increase in the viscoelasticity of the medium [8]. These extracellular polysaccharides probably protect microalgal cells during growth from the desiccation phenomenon and multitude extreme environmental circumstances [6,9]. Porphyridium extracellular polysaccharides showed wide range of potential applications in nutritionals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals thanks to their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor activities [10,11]. ...
... All experiments were performed in duplicate. Six-milliliter specimens were collected at 1, 3,4,7,9,11,14,16,18,21,25,28,30,35,37,39,43,46,49, and 52 days post-inoculation from each biological duplicate to analyze growth, macromolecules production, and nutrient consumption. ...
Porphyridium cruentum is a red marine phytoplankton rich in natural bioactive compounds such as phycoerythrin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and floridean starch. In addition, it excretes during its growth large amounts of high-value sulfated polysaccharides. In this context, the purpose of this investigation was to systematically study the growth characteristics as well as the accumulation of macromolecules by Porphyridium cruentum growing in different culture media (Pm, F/2, and Hemerick media) under controlled temperature (18 °C), agitation (130 rpm), and irradiance (150 μmol/m2/s) for 52 days. A maximum biomass concentration of 4.65 × 106 cells/mL was achieved with F/2 medium, after 52 days of growth. The highest values of chlorophyll a (1.76 ± 0.007 pg/cell), total carotenoids (0.48 ± 0.0022 pg/cell), phycoerythrin (15.77 ± 0.6 pg/cell), starch (3.97 ± 0.22 g/100 g DW), and proteins (34.36 ± 1.035 pg/cell) concentrations were recorded also with F/2 medium. However, the Pm medium was proven to be the most suitable for lipid production (4.51 ± 0.45% dry weight). Porphyridium cruentum cultured in Hemerick medium showed the highest exopolysaccharides production of 14.19 ± 0.19 pg/cell.
... 8 In addition, Fe 3 O 4 -NPs have been reported to increase germination rates (GR), mean germination time (MGT), and plant growth in corn and barley. 12 In addition to the important function of micronutrients in enhancing plant germination and growth, 13 under abiotic stress conditions, polyamines (PAs) have a significant effect on enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. 14 PAs are small organic polycations that are commonly prevalent in living organisms and are now regarded as a new class of growth substances that include spermidine, spermine, and their obligate precursor putrescine, which play a key role in regulating plant developmental and physiological processes. ...
The coating of Fe 3 O 4-NPs with SM and HS is a new strategy to increase the efficiency of nanofertilizers and improve the quality and resistance of plants against environmental stresses. In this study, aqueous extracts of spinach and guar were used for the green synthesis of Fe 3 O 4-NPs and CuO-NPs, respectively. The surface of the Fe 3 O 4-NPs was then coated with SM and HS. UV− vis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spec-troscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analyses all confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. The first experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design. The effect of nanoparticles and determination of the optimal concentration of Fe 3 O 4-NPs, SM, HS, Fe 3 O 4-SM, and Fe 3 O 4-HS with concentrations (control, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) and two methods of application (seed priming and addition to planting medium) were determined. The results showed that seed priming with 75 mg/L Fe 3 O 4-NPs and single-stranded and multibranched polyamines improves germination and increases the dry matter content and seedling length. Then, a pot test was performed for the effects of Fe 3 O 4-NPs and single-branched and poly branched polyamines under CuO stress conditions. The factors were six polymers (control, Fe 3 O 4 , SM, Fe 3 O 4-SM, HS, and Fe 3 O 4-HS) and CuO-NPs (control, 60, and 120 μL). Under stress conditions, the application of Fe 3 O 4-HS caused an increase of 34.11, 41, 39.37, and 68.25% in the activity of CAT, POX, PPO, and proline, respectively, and a decrease of 46 and 33.33% in MDA and hydrogen H 2 O 2 compared to the control treatment. Also, the use of NPs under stress conditions caused more absorption of N and Fe by the plant. Consequently, the plant's resistance to CuO stress conditions increased.
... Climate extremes are expected to increase in intensity and become more frequent [1], and this may lead to increased drought in many regions of the world. In this situation, the combined effects of fertilization and irrigation are essential [2]. The increasingly frequent droughts of recent years, however, have brought to the fore a solution with favourable results from which differently sized crop farms can benefit after implementing it. ...
The main objective of this article is the analysis of crop rotation applied to three crop farms of different sizes in Romania. The period under study is before the implementation of the “Environmentally beneficial practices applicable to arable land” eco-scheme, included in the National Strategic Plan of Romania, 2023–2027, in the section on direct payments related to subsidies. The analysed crop farms have different areas, as follows: Farm A—64.97 ha, Farm B—615.50 ha and Farm C—2881.33 ha. This research aims to highlight the agro-environmental conditions specific to each farm that are required to be met by 2023. The data analysis highlights the fact that farms under 100 ha, such as Farm A, must apply the conditions of the eco-scheme as follows: 3.25 ha with non-productive elements, including uncultivated land; 6.50 ha cultivated with crops from the Leguminosae family, 16.25 ha cultivated with cereals, 19.49 ha cultivated with corn, 12.99 ha cultivated with sunflowers, 3.25 ha cultivated with watermelon and 3.25 ha cultivated with vegetables. These farms do not apply modern technologies and have fragmented surfaces, and must have both uncultivated areas and
areas planted with nitrogen-fixing crops, but must also practice crop diversification. Farms of over 100 ha, such as Farm B, must have 30.78 ha of non-productive elements and 246.20 ha cultivated with crops from the Leguminosae family, of which 30.78 ha are perennial crops and 215.42 ha are annual crops, such as soy. Crop diversification is also recommended, with 92.33 ha cultivated with cereals, 184.65 ha cultivated with corn and 61.55 ha cultivated with oil crops, sunflower and/or rapeseed. Farms the size of Farm C must have 144.07 ha of non-productive elements, 720.33 ha must be
cultivated with crops from the Leguminosae family, such as soy, and diversify crops as follows: 720.33 ha—cereals, 720.33 ha—corn, 518.64 ha—sunflower and/or rapeseed and 57.63 ha—potatoes.
... Symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a significant component of the soil microbial populations and influence soil fertility, crop yield (Agathokleous et al. 2022;Langeroodia et al. 2022) and ecosystem sustainability (Gianinazzi et al. 2010). Symbiotic associations between AMF and plant roots can improve plant nutrition (Bhantana et al. 2021), water uptake (Augé et al. 2015), and resistance to soil-borne pests and diseases (Mitra et al. 2021). ...
This study examines the growth performances, nutrient uptake and
potential methane yield of six energy crops fertilized with the digestate
liquid fraction (DLF) with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
inoculation. The 3-year-experiment involved the four perennial (Arundo
donax L. Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu, Heliantus tuberosus L.
Lolium perenne L.) and two annual (Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench × sudanense Stapf.) crops. The cumulative highest yield was
observed for A. donax (128.1 ± 8.4 Mg ha−1), followed by M. × giganteus
and S. bicolor (83.0 ± 8.0 Mg ha−1), H. tuberosus and Z. mays (66.2 ± 7.7 Mg
ha−1) and L. perenne (31.4 ± 2.9 Mg ha−1). A. donax showed the highest
estimated methane yield per hectare (11.030 Nm3 ha−1). After 3 years, the
fertilization with DLF increased the initial soil Na+ content by 76.9%.
During the experiment, only temporary and marginal effects were
shown by AMF inoculation, which did not affect biomass production by
any crop. Interestingly, AMF significantly increased the NO3-N concentration (+70%) while it reduced the NH4-N concentration in percolation water
(−32.8%). DLF could be considered a viable organic fertilizer for biomass
production, but the soil Na+ concentration should be carefully monitored.
... Moreover, recent results within our experiment have shown a lower stomatal control for both species (Rahman et al., 2023). A recent study conducted on the effects of drought on container-grown (0.2 L) seedlings, the authors observed a high decrease in CO 2 -assimilation and enhanced stomatal closure and induced senescence (Agathokleous and Kitao, 2022). ...
Urban environments are often characterized by extensive paved surfaces, exacerbating the urban heat island effect. At the same time, limited root space due to underground infrastructure poses a challenge for planting new trees in these areas. Trees in planters have emerged as popular design elements, offering innovative and sus- tainable greening solutions, particularly in urban environments with limited rooting space. However, growing conditions in planters may strongly impact tree growth and the provision of environmental ecosystem services (ES). In this 3-year study, we analyzed tree growth and ecosystem services (cooling by shading, CO2-fixation) of London plane (Platanus x hispanica MÜNCHH.) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata MILL.) in four planting treat- ments: in-ground (G), planters in the ground (PG), non-insulated plastic planters (P), and insulated planters (PI). We also recorded soil temperature throughout the experiment and implemented soil drought conditions by reducing soil irrigation for half of the trees after one year. Our findings revealed higher thermal fluctuations in soil temperature within non-insulated plastic planters (P), reaching a maximum of 45 ◦C, surpassing the critical temperature threshold for plant growth (>38 ◦C). In contrast, insulated planters (PI) effectively mitigated soil temperatures, staying below 33.8 ◦C. When planted in the ground (G), P. x hispanica exhibited a significantly higher stem diameter increment (52–66%) compared to other planting treatments, aligning with the provision of ecosystem services. However, T. cordata trees showed a more moderate response to planting treatments in terms of growth and ecosystem service provision. Furthermore, the implementation of soil drought conditions resulted in a reduction of up to 34% in stem diameter increment for P. x hispanica and up to 25% for T. cordata. Our results underscore the necessity of tree species-specific knowledge about growth responses to different planting treat- ments for effective urban planning perspectives, as the provision of ecosystem services may be influenced differently.
... This was found in the studies on Pinus tabulaeformis, Cunninghamia lanceolate, Taxus cuspidate, and Cyclobalanopsis gilva [75]. The inoculation of ECM fungi can improve the quality of container larch F 1 seedlings [76,77] and reduce the use of slow-release fertilizer, which is helpful to cultivate high-quality seedlings and save seedling costs [78] but not always true for larch seedlings [71,79,80]. ...
Regeneration success of forests is strongly dependent on symbiotic microorganisms , that is, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM). In the northeastern part of Asia, larch and birch are used as timber resources, and in the south, fir, cedar, cypress, and oak are used as timber resources. Planted forests have reached the time of harvesting and/or thinning, and after the forestry practices, it is expected that they will become mixed forests equipped with resistance to weather damage; that is, drought, heat, typhoons, etc. On the other hand, the physical production environment has changed greatly, therefore, we investigated the growth of the major trees and the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the northeastern Asia. Elevated O 3 decreased growth, colonization rates of ECM, and the biodiversity; however, elevated CO 2 moderated or increased them in larch. Except for disease of rot and damping off, we discuss wise use of symbiotic microbe in far East Asia.
