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Mean cultivated land (ha) allocated for major food and cash crops grown during the 2017/18 cropping season in the study areas.
Source publication
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and cash crop globally. The eastern region of Ethiopia is known for its groundnut production despite the low productivity attributable to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses and socioeconomic constraints. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perceived production constraints, variety...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 74.5% of respondents owned a farm of <2 ha, whereas 24.5% owned a farm of 2 to 3.5 ha and 1% owned a farm of >3.5 ha. In both districts, groundnut was the third most important food and cash crop in the area after sorghum and maize, the key food security crops in the study areas (Figure 2). During the FGDs, farmers explained that they used a low amount of inorganic fertilizers for cereal crops grown after groundnut, due to its ability to fix valuable nitrogen into the soil. ...
Context 2
... 74.5% of respondents owned a farm of <2 ha, whereas 24.5% owned a farm of 2 to 3.5 ha and 1% owned a farm of >3.5 ha. In both districts, groundnut was the third most important food and cash crop in the area after sorghum and maize, the key food security crops in the study areas (Figure 2). During the FGDs, farmers explained that they used a low amount of inorganic fertilizers for cereal crops grown after groundnut, due to its ability to fix valuable nitrogen into the soil. ...
Context 3
... 74.5% of respondents owned a farm of <2 ha, whereas 24.5% owned a farm of 2 to 3.5 ha and 1% owned a farm of >3.5 ha. In both districts, groundnut was the third most important food and cash crop in the area after sorghum and maize, the key food security crops in the study areas (Figure 2). During the FGDs, farmers explained that they used a low amount of inorganic fertilizers for cereal crops grown after groundnut, due to its ability to fix valuable nitrogen into the soil. ...
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Citations
... For example, drought is the major production constraint of finger millet in Eastern Uganda, according to Owere et al. [24], and in sorghum production in Ethiopia [42,43]. Similarly, a lack of access to improved seeds of groundnut [44] and sesame [34], a lack of improved varieties of sorghum [43] and a shortage of arable land and poor soil fertility in sorghum [42] were also identified as production limiting factors in Ethiopia. Likewise, a lack of improved finger millet and sorghum varieties in Uganda [24,38] and limited access to fertilizers in pearl millet production in Burkina Faso [40] have also been documented as production constraints. ...
Definition
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) is a highly nutritious crop, predominantly grown in the semi-arid tropics of the world. The crop has medicinal value to human beings due to its human health benefits and being rich in calcium, iron and dietary fiber and gluten-free. Ethiopia is the center of the genetic diversity of the crop. However, the productivity of finger millet in the country is low (<2.4 tons ha−1) compared with its potential yield (6 tons ha−1). The yield gap in Ethiopia is due to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses and socio-economic constraints that are yet to be systemically documented and prioritized to guide future production and improved variety development and release. The objective of this study was to document finger millet production opportunities, constraints and farmer preferred traits in Ethiopia as a guide to variety design in improvement programs.
... Hence, identifying yield-limiting factors and appropriate agronomic management practices are crucial to increase groundnut yield potential in these regions. The decline in groundnut production in Africa has been attributed to several factors such as pests and diseases occurrence, unavailability of quality seed variety, poor post-harvest handling practices and increased cultivation on marginal land [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among the pests are plant parasitic nematode (PPN) that infest groundnut during growth and causes considerable economic losses in agricultural crops. ...
Groundnut is a major cash crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. In Kenya, groundnut is mostly grown in the Western and Nyanza regions and has been ranked the fourth cash crop of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). However, groundnut production in Kenya has continued to decline with farmers attaining less than 50 % of the yield potential of 700 to 1400 kg/ha. Yearly statistical reports by the Agriculture and Food Authority (AFA), and Nuts and Oil Crops Directorate for the last seven years, show the decline has been consistent. In 2019/2020 AFA reported there was a decrease of 216 Mt in Homa Bay and 30 Mt in Kisumu. Yield loss is attributed to lack of quality improved seed and pests' infestation during growth and storage. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the major pests of groundnuts worldwide. This study sought to investigate the occurrence of nematode communities (PPN and non-parasitic nematodes (NPN) in soils cultivated with groundnuts in the LVB and to determine the effect of farmyard manure application on their presence. Six peanut varieties (4 improved and 2 local) were cultivated in Nyakach and Karachuonyo from March to August in 2021 and 2022. Soil samples, groundnut roots, and pods were collected. A modified Baermann's, maceration method and filtration technique was used to isolate nematodes from the soil, groundnut pods, and roots. Multi-stage Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences in abundance and richness while the Shannon index compared the diversity of PPN and NPN among the farms in two seasons and regions. Eleven genera of PPN: Aphelenchoides, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Scutellonema, Trichodorus, Hemicycliophora, Tylenchorhynchus, Rotylenchulus and Criconema. spp., and three genera of NPN; Rhabdittes, Dorylaimus spp., and Predators were categorized. Aphelenchoides and Meloidogyne were the most abundant PPN and Rhabdites NPN in both regions and seasons. The application of farm yard manure led to a decline in the abundance of PPN and an increase in NPN. The results confirm the presence of PPN in the LVB groundnut growing regions and the potential use of farm yard manure in their management. This study recommends further investigation on the actual damage potential of these PPNs and their management strategies.
... Another study revealed that sorghum yield had been significantly compromised by periodic drought conditions, striga infestations, and disease-related issues. Consequently, a substantial majority of interviewed farmers suggested that the sorghum breeding program should aim to develop varieties with high grain and biomass yield, along with an appropriate level of drought resistance and striga tolerance [7]. ...
Corn is a major staple crop known for its nutritional value and versatility in industrial applications. Climate change threatens sustainable production, making understanding farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for desirable traits crucial in seed selection. This study employs the Choice Experiment (CE) to assess the importance of key attributes, including yield potential, disease resistance, yield under water stress conditions, and price. The evaluation was conducted in Italy on a sample of 31 producers in the Lombardy region, where corn cultivation occupies 50% of the arable land, and the national annual volume equals about 11 million tons. Results indicate that yield under water stress conditions is the most critical attribute reflecting the need for high productivity to cope with yield fluctuations and production costs induced by climate change. The significance of this study lies in its ability to provide insights into farmers’ preferences and their priorities for maize seed attributes, which in turn offer invaluable decision support to seed breeding programs. This contribution not only promotes the development of improved corn traits and varieties for sustainable production and global food security but also guides resilient investment decisions and effective marketing strategies.
... According to a study by Abady et al. [3], the tensile force needed to remove a peg from a pod is 22.26 N. The greatest force needed to extract the groundnut pod in this situation, taking into account the weight of the shaft and other mountings, is up to 110 N because we are using up to five groundnut plants. When a peanut is stripped, power is stated as Bhalavignesh [4]. ...
This project only removes the pods from their roots so the farmers can work easy and can save time and money as well. It is very efficient and can be available to all at minimum cost. This work focused on the design and fabrication of a groundnut pod striper machine electrically powered by a 1hp motor. The main components of the developed stripper are stripping cylinder, frame cover to protect the pods from scattering and sieve for cleaning purpose. According to the design dimension the conceptual drawing was built with the help of SOLIDWORKS software. The principle of the designing is based on the horizontal circular rotary motion. The developed pod stripper has a dimension of 1170 × 930 × 560. The performance of the developed pod stripper was tested with three independent parameter i.e. feed rate (kg/h), moisture content (% db) and cylinder speed (m/min) and the dependent parameters were stripping efficiency, cleaning efficiency and damage percentage. It was found that the stripping efficiency is 97% and stripping capacity is 195 kg/h, cleaning efficiency is 87% efficient. There were no losses but the scattering of groundnut pod was 0.83%. The developed machine have output of 10 times more than the traditional method with profit of more than 10 times.
... Sesame has the ability to grow with limited water in the mixed crop-livestock production systems of arid and semiarid regions, produced mainly by small-scale farmers (Dossa, Konteye, et al., 2017). These areas are characterized by high level temperature and higher solar radiation (Abady et al., 2019), which often cause terminal and intermittent droughts (Boureima et al., 2016). Drought stress (WS) occurring during the reproductive growth stage affects the traits of agronomic (Bahrami et al., 2012;Hassanzadeh et al., 2009), physiochemical (Kadkhodaie et al., 2014a), and seed quality (Kadkhodaie et al., 2014b) in sesame. ...
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a summer crop and its production is threatened by drought stress (WS) due to increased aridity and higher temperature worldwide. Breeding sesame accessions that are more tolerant to WS is therefore highly important for sustainable seed production. Here, 21 accessions representing 12 sesame‐growing countries were evaluated with yield and quality traits under two different water‐regime treatments as non‐stressed (NS) and WS. The combined analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant variation among the accessions for all agronomic traits. We also found that the effects of treatment and genotype were significant for the quality traits of oil content, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The t‐test of significance for mean values indicated that there were significant differences between the treatments for plant height, number of branches, number of capsules, and seed yield. The highest yield was found in PI 170735 with the value of 25.6 g/plant in the treatment of WS. The higher values were observed for oil content in NS treatment, the highest amount of oil content was recorded as 53.9% for PI 207664. In addition, higher grand mean was observed for oleic acid under WS treatment. Principal component analysis using the five agronomic traits indicated that 76.60% and 71.18% variability accounted for the first two principal components (PCs) with eigen values ≥ 1 in WS and NS treatments, respectively. The diverse accessions characterized with agro‐quality traits can be used in further improvement programs to develop new drought‐tolerant cultivars.
... Given its ability to improve soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, the crop is often intercropped or rotated with cereals. At the Global level, groundnut is cultivated on 27.66 million ha, with an annual production of 43.98 million tons [1,2]. The leading producers of groundnut in the world are India (21%), China (16%), Nigeria (10%), and Sudan (8%) [1,2]. ...
... At the Global level, groundnut is cultivated on 27.66 million ha, with an annual production of 43.98 million tons [1,2]. The leading producers of groundnut in the world are India (21%), China (16%), Nigeria (10%), and Sudan (8%) [1,2]. In some developing countries, groundnut contributes about 25-60% of the small-scale farmer's income. ...
... Several factors such as lack of credit, access to improved varieties, lack of consistent information about the attributes of the varieties contribute to the low adoption [6]. Therefore, any insights on farmer-and market-preferred traits based on gender disaggregation, along with an identification and prioritization of production constraints, can enhance the rate of adoption of improved varieties among farmers and other value chain actors [1]. ...
Assessing gender differences in trait preferences of groundnut value chain actors can influence the effectiveness of crop breeding programs, the adoption of developed technologies, and policy interventions. However, there is limited evidence to support decisions that meet end users’ demands, given that most studies do not disaggregate trait preferences by sex and age. We use a stated preference method to characterize the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for various attributes of improved groundnut varieties by male and female youth and older adults in the different segments of the groundnut value chain. The results indicate heterogeneity in preference and WTP for production, market, and nutrition attributes of groundnut across supply chain actors. The results showed that gender is not a unifying factor in respondents’ WTP, revealing dissimilarities among youth and older adults of the same sex group. Our findings suggest that groundnut breeding programs must prioritize production, market, and nutrition attributes based on gender needs to speed up the process of adoption, commercialization, and utilization of groundnut.
... Aspergillus species infections and aflatoxin contamination are the major challenges in groundnut production and along the value chain of the crop in the country (Abdi Mohammed et al. 2016). Furthermore, several studies indicated that drought stress during flowering and pod filling stages (Seltene Abady et al., 2019), pre-and post-harvest mold infection (Abdi Mohammed and Alemayehu Chala, 2014), and limitation of advanced production technologies and fragmented market linkages (Fredu Nega et al., 2015) among actors are the major groundnut production constraints in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the lack of highyielding and stable groundnut varieties is one of the most 96 important groundnut production constraints in the country(Seltene Abady et al., 2019). ...
... Furthermore, several studies indicated that drought stress during flowering and pod filling stages (Seltene Abady et al., 2019), pre-and post-harvest mold infection (Abdi Mohammed and Alemayehu Chala, 2014), and limitation of advanced production technologies and fragmented market linkages (Fredu Nega et al., 2015) among actors are the major groundnut production constraints in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the lack of highyielding and stable groundnut varieties is one of the most 96 important groundnut production constraints in the country(Seltene Abady et al., 2019). ...
... Globally China ranks first in groundnut production with 17.39 million tonnes followed by India 6.95 million tonnes, Nigeria 2.88 million tonnes, Sudan 2.88 million tonnes and Ethiopia ranks 31th with 0.129 million tonnes with national mean yield is 1.75 tons/ha, and the total area under groundnut production is 115,291 ha [5]. The most common groundnut production constraint in Ethiopia in general and the southern region, in particular, were the lack of access to improved seeds, biotic, abiotic stress, and the use of low-yielding local varieties [6,7]. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight molecular breeding approaches such as marker assisted selection on groundnut improvement and opportunities, challenges with future perespectives of the crop. ...
... Some molecular marker systems developed for genetic analysis and breeding in groundnut. Source:[6,7]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108476 ...
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Objective of this review is to highlight molecular breeding approach such as marker assisted selection on groundnut improvement with future perspectives. The review analyzed application of marker assisted selection including simple sequence repeats, random amplified polymorphism DNAs, single nucleotide polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism and inter simple sequence repeats on groundnut improvement. Among the molecular markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA is a rapid method for developing genetic maps and to determine DNA fragments to characterize peanut cultivars. DArTseq is used for SNP discovery and genotyping, which enables considerable discovery of SNPs in a wide variety of non-model organisms and provides measures of genetic divergence. Polymorphism screening performed using these newly developed SSRs will greatly increase the density of SSR markers in the peanut genetic map in the future.
... The Power Transmission unit According to a study carried out by Abady et al. (2019), the tensile force required to remove a peg from a pod is 22.26 N. The force needed to extract the groundnut pod in this situation, considering the weight of the shaft, drum weight and picking devices was assumed to be up to 100 N as many groundnut plants may be processed at the same times. Power required was calculated using relationship in equation (9). ...
Groundnut holds a prominent place in Nigeria's agricultural landscape, offering a versatile array of applications, from animal feed to edible oil and industrial uses. However, the traditional practice of hand-picking groundnut pods has posed a significant challenge for farmers, consuming time, and energy. In response to these obstacles, a ground nut pod stripper was designed, fabricated, and tested. The machine comprises of feeding tray, a picking drum equipped with spikes, a concave chamber, pods exit, and a sturdy frame. Its design is simple and easy to maintain, ensuring that it can be used effectively by a wide range of farmers. The equipment can be powered with an electric motor or a gasoline engine and is portable for easy movement. Its performance was evaluated using ground nut plants with pods to determine its throughput capacity and operating efficiency to be 146 kg/hr. and 97,6%, respectively. The overall cost of fabrication was ₦102,620 making it an accessible and cost-effective solution for ordinary Nigerian farmers. This affordability ensures that the benefits of the machine are not limited to large-scale agricultural enterprises but can be harnessed by small-scale and subsistence farmers as well.
... Increased population size not only impact on available land resources but also influence future agricultural production of the country. To counteract the issues, it is high time to go for quality seed [1] in ground nut by which our country will be self-sufficient in oil seed requirement. India has a great say in world market in ground nut production and consumption as well. ...
... That made the farmers to depend on local varieties which were short duration, high cost, and poor in quality in comparison to better certified varieties of groundnut. These variables of the study were undertaken by Abady et al. (2019) [1] and Markana et al. (2015) [6] in different times of the research work. Perusal of the table 4 highlighted that labour was a major issues in the production of ground nut. ...
