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Two experiments were done to determine the susceptibility of six wild potato accessions to the aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Densities of aphid colonies were compared between caged Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal (Solanales: Solanaceae), S. polyadenium Greenmam, S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infund...
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Citations
... 6,12 However, there have been some investigations in potato (e.g. Alvarez et al., 13 Fréchette et al. 14 ). ...
... Of these previously reported species, S. palustre was the most resistant to M. persicae as it contained the highest number of glandular hairs, which is one of the aphid resistance factors in Solanum. 14,31 The same was also true for the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) on wild Solanum berthaulti. 32 Such reduced aphid survival on wild potato could be also attributed to the high content of alkaloids that is commonly found in wild potato, which could be responsible for antibiotic effects observed on aphids. ...
BACKGROUND
Plant resistance to insects can be reduced by crop domestication which means their wild ancestors could provide novel sources of resistance. Thus, crossing wild ancestors with domesticated crops can potentially enhance their resistance against insects. However, a prerequisite for this is identification of sources of resistance. Here, we investigated the response of three wild potato (Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl.) accessions and cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) to aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) herbivory.
RESULTS
Results revealed that there was a significant reduction in aphid survival and reproduction on wild potato accessions (CGN18333, CGN22718, CGN23072) compared to cultivated (Desiree) potato plants. A similar trend was observed in olfactometer bioassay; the wild accessions had a repellent effect on adult aphids. In contrast, among the tested wild potato accessions, the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) was significantly attracted to volatiles from CGN18333. Volatile analysis showed that wild accessions emitted significantly more volatiles compared to cultivated potato. Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile data revealed that the volatile profiles of wild and cultivated potato are dissimilar. β‐Bisabolene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, trans‐α‐bergamotene, d‐limonene, (E,E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene (TMTT), and p‐cymen‐7‐ol were the main volatiles contributing to the emitted blends, suggesting possible involvement in the behavioural response of both M. persicae and D. rapae.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show that the tested wild accessions have the potential to be used to breed aphid‐resistant potatoes. This opens new opportunities to reduce the aphid damage and to enhance the recruitment of natural enemies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
... Screening wild crop relatives is another approach to identify candidates for hybridization in breeding programs aiming to develop new pest-resistant varieties. For example, enhanced aphid resistance was identified in a screen of wild Solanum accessions challenged with two common species (Fré chette et al., 2010), which could be useful for improving domesticated tomato varieties. For breeding proposes, the use of close relative species could provide faster introgression and, in the long term, distant plant species could be also incorporated in breeding programs when possible, as an alternative strategy to expand the genetic pool . ...
Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well-characterized and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.
... The structure and abundance of glandular trichomes are another biological characteristic that contributes to insect resistance in Solanum spp. (Gibson, 1971;Gibson and Turner, 1977;Tingey and Gibson, 1978;Tingey and Sinden, 1982; Pelletier et al., 1999;Chen et al., 2003;Li et al., 2006 S. polyadenium Trichomes Antibiosis 2X Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001Fréchette et al., 2010 S. albornozii 2X (2EBN) Jansky et al., 2009 S. immite 2X (1EBN) Jansky et al., 2009 S. chacoense Leptines, leptinine Antibiosis 2X (2EBN) Sanford et al., 1996;Yencho et al., 2000;Hutvágner et al., 2001;Sagredo et al., 2009;Mweetwa et al., 2012 S. berthaultii Trichomes Methyl chloride 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999 S. neorossii 2X Jansky et al., 2009 S. jameseii Antixenosis/antibiosis 2X (1EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001 S. tarijense Trichomes, volatile compounds on trichomes Antibiosis/antixenosis 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001Pelletier and Dutheil, 2006;Fréchette et al., 2010 S. chardiophyllum 2X (1EBN Sikinyi et al., 1997;Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001 S. okadae Tomatines Antibiosis 2X Pelletier et al., 2001 S. acroglossum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. chomatophilum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. paucissectum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. piurae 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. tarnii 2X Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 Adapted from Maharijaya and Vosman (2015) and Jansky et al. (2009). Ploidy and endosperm Balance Number (EBN) information was derived from Spooner and Hijmans (2001). ...
... The structure and abundance of glandular trichomes are another biological characteristic that contributes to insect resistance in Solanum spp. (Gibson, 1971;Gibson and Turner, 1977;Tingey and Gibson, 1978;Tingey and Sinden, 1982; Pelletier et al., 1999;Chen et al., 2003;Li et al., 2006 S. polyadenium Trichomes Antibiosis 2X Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001Fréchette et al., 2010 S. albornozii 2X (2EBN) Jansky et al., 2009 S. immite 2X (1EBN) Jansky et al., 2009 S. chacoense Leptines, leptinine Antibiosis 2X (2EBN) Sanford et al., 1996;Yencho et al., 2000;Hutvágner et al., 2001;Sagredo et al., 2009;Mweetwa et al., 2012 S. berthaultii Trichomes Methyl chloride 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999 S. neorossii 2X Jansky et al., 2009 S. jameseii Antixenosis/antibiosis 2X (1EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001 S. tarijense Trichomes, volatile compounds on trichomes Antibiosis/antixenosis 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001Pelletier and Dutheil, 2006;Fréchette et al., 2010 S. chardiophyllum 2X (1EBN Sikinyi et al., 1997;Pelletier et al., 1999Pelletier et al., , 2001 S. okadae Tomatines Antibiosis 2X Pelletier et al., 2001 S. acroglossum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. chomatophilum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. paucissectum 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. piurae 2X (2EBN) Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 S. tarnii 2X Pelletier et al., 2001;Pelletier, 2007 Adapted from Maharijaya and Vosman (2015) and Jansky et al. (2009). Ploidy and endosperm Balance Number (EBN) information was derived from Spooner and Hijmans (2001). ...
Developing plant germplasm that contains genetic resistance to insect pests is a valuable component of integrated pest management programs. In the last several decades, numerous attempts have been made to identify genetic sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This review focuses on compiling information regarding general L. decemlineata biology, ecology, and management focusing on discussing biochemical and morphological potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant traits that might be responsible for providing resistance; the review ends discussing past efforts to identify genetic material and highlights promising new strategies that may improve the efficiency of evaluation and selection of resistant material. Measurement strategies, that begin with field screening of segregating populations or wild germplasm to narrow research focus can be useful. Identifying particularly resistant or susceptible germplasm, will help researchers focus on studying the mechanisms of resistance in much greater detail which will help the development of long-term sustainable management program.
... Almost all plant species, including domesticated potato, show intraspecific variation in their resistance to herbivorous insects (Flanders et al. 1992;Frechette et al. 2010;. Some potato varieties are more resistant against Epitrix than others, but there is no variety that is completely resistant . ...
... The study of morphological diversity in sweet potatoes is the morphological diversity of local sweet potato from Muna [17], sweet potato morphology and kinship, and the correlation of anatomical characteristics of disease resistant sweet potato cultivars [18] [19]. Morphological characteristic study of six sweet potato varieties was carried out to obtain morphological descriptions as scientific information that could be used to develop resistant varieties to pests and diseases. ...
The study aimed to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of six sweet potato varieties ( Ipomoea batatas L.) after induction of organic fertilizer. Research used Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Five sweet potato varieties (J) were used i,e: Antin 3 (J1), Jago (J2), Cilembu (J3), Shi Royutaka (J4), Local Purple (J5) and Local White (J6). Petroganic Organic Fertilizers were applied 20 tons/ha, three weeks before sweet potato cuttings were planted. Observation of anatomical characteristics include: stomata density, length and width opened stomatal pores, mesophyll thickness, diameter of the petiole cortex. All characteristics were observed 60 days after planting (HST) using a microscope with a camera Optilab 2.2 and image capture with the Image Raster 3.0 program. Anatomical characters of sweet potatoes showed stomata density J1, J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 respectively 8.56; 6.11; 5.11; 6.33; 8.56 and 9.11 in 75796.36 μm. The length of opened stomata pores were 26.99 μm, 32.08 μm, 28.96 μm, 38.72 μm, 39.52 μm and 35.86 μm. The width of opened stomata pores were 7.95 μm, 5.11 μm, 4.67 μm, 5.04 μm, 9.28 μm and 6.98 μm. The mesophyll thickness were 364,986 μm, 280,703 μm, 389,743 μm, 245,749 μm, 261,439 μm and 434,913 μm. The diameter of the petiole cortex were 454,030 μm, 373,453 μm, 456,439 μm, 373,001 μm, 275,647 μm and 318,785 μm. Five sweet potato varieties differ in anatomical characters.
... Red La Soda. Desiree has also been reported to be susceptible to M. persicae in previous studies (Bintcliffe and Wratten 1982;Fenton et al. 2010;Fréchette et al. 2010;Jan et al. 2006;Karley et al. 2003;Khan et al. 2011;Parker 2005;Saljoqi et al. 2003). ...
Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Fab), is an agricultural cotton pest. In Pakistan, Earias vittella (Fab) has developed resistance to various groups of insecticides. In the present study, the effect of an extract of Azadirachtin indica in different solvents on second instar larvae of E. vittella was evaluated in laboratory studies for toxicity as well as lethal and sublethal effect. The results indicated that methanol-based extract was the most effective to control E. vittella, followed by ethanol extract. The lethal and sublethal concentration of methanol-based extract of A. indica increased larval and pupal duration as compared to control. The percent pupation, adult emergence, and pupal weight were decreased in treated populations as compared to control populations. The esterase activities and total protein content of the treated E. vittella were also reduced as compared to controls. The results of this study could be useful in an integrated pest management program for the management of E. vittella.
... Plant suitability and nutritional quality for aphid feeding and growth can C 2017 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences vary widely between, and even within, plant species. For example, wild and cultivated Solanum species differ dramatically in their suitability for potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) and peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Fréchette et al., 2010;Askarianzadeh et al., 2013;Bennett et al., 2016), while the quality of cultivated Solanum tuberosum for aphids varies significantly between cultivars (Aldmen & Gerowitt, 2009) and during plant development (Karley et al., 2002;Karley et al., 2003). Similarly, within aphid populations, individuals with reduced susceptibility to natural enemies can be detected with varying frequency. ...
Intra- and inter-specific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) feeding on cultivated S. tuberosum and wild S. berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp (Aphidius ervi Haliday). Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with one of three genotypes of M. euphorbiae or maintained as aphid-free controls; aphid abundance was scored after one week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed ex planta. Solanum tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype’2’ aphids; genotype ‘1’ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ‘1’ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-off in M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solanum hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multi-trophic interactions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
... Red La Soda. Desiree has also been reported to be susceptible to M. persicae in previous studies (Bintcliffe and Wratten 1982;Fenton et al. 2010;Fréchette et al. 2010;Jan et al. 2006;Karley et al. 2003;Khan et al. 2011;Parker 2005;Saljoqi et al. 2003). ...
Previous research suggests that potato cultivars offer little aphid resistance. However, few studies have
measured the effects of host cultivar on aphid age dependent life table statistics or related these measures to field performance. In this study, laboratory and field studies assessed four commercial potato cultivars (Anya, Desiree, Pink Fir Apple, Santé) for resistance to Myzus persicae. Cultivars were found to show considerable differences in resistance. In the laboratory, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm)and effective fecundity of M. persicae was lowest on cv. Anya and highest on cv. Desiree. Aphids also took longer to develop to adults and were smaller in size on Anya compared with Desiree. Field studies over two seasons found that M. persicae infestations started earlier on Desiree than on Anya and that the greatest weekly counts were recorded
on the former.
... Red La Soda. Desiree has also been reported to be susceptible to M. persicae in previous studies (Bintcliffe and Wratten 1982;Fenton et al. 2010;Fréchette et al. 2010;Jan et al. 2006;Karley et al. 2003;Khan et al. 2011;Parker 2005;Saljoqi et al. 2003). ...
Abstract
Previous research suggests that potato cultivars offer little aphid resistance. However, few studies have measured the effects of host cultivar on aphid age dependent life table statistics or related these measures to field performance. In this study, laboratory and field studies assessed four commercial potato cultivars (Anya, Desiree, Pink Fir Apple, Santé) for resistance to Myzuspersicae. Cultivars were found to show considerable differences in resistance. In the laboratory, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and effective
fecundity of M. persicae was lowest on cv. Anya and highest on cv. Desiree. Aphids also took longer to
develop to adults and were smaller in size on Anya compared with Desiree. Field studies over two seasons found that M. Persicae infestations started earlier on Desiree than on Anya and that the greatest weekly counts were recorded on the former.
... Previous reports indicate that the wild potato species Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal, Solanum chaoense Bitter and S. polyadenium Greenmam have a high level of -tomatine, 45 -47 which is known to hinder the growth of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, 25,48 and to lower the reproduction rate of the potato aphid, M. euphorbiae. 27 Evident from these reports, our results suggest the possibility of a combined effect (synergistic or additive) between these glycoalkaloids in contributing to the acaricidal activity of the leaf extract of S. sarrachoides. ...
Background
Tetranychus evansi is an invasive pest of solanaceous crops in Africa, and in the field, it differentially attacks edible African nightshades. The chemical basis for the differential attack on these plant species is largely unknown. Using bioassays and chemical analysis we investigated the differential bioactivity of leaf extracts of three edible African nightshade species viz. Solanum sarrachoides, S. scabrum and S. villosum, on adult T. evansi females.ResultsOnly the bioactivity of the leaf extract of S. sarrachoides (LC50 7.44 mg ml−1) and that of its most polar fraction (LC50 5.44 mg ml−1) paralleled that of the positive control, neem oil (LC50 1.89 mg ml−1) across all doses tested. Liquid chromatography-quadruple time of flight-mass spectrometry identified a mixture of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), including α-solasonine, α-solamargine, and derivatives of tomatine and demissine, which were neither detected in the crude extract nor any of the fractions obtained from S. scabrum and S. villosum.Conclusion
Our results suggest that the presence of SGAs may play a key role in the differential defence of edible African nightshades against attack by T. evansi. These findings may add into the plethora of environmentally friendly tools from natural plant products for management of T. evansi.
