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Introduction Appropriate stature and adequate somatotype are not the only attributes determining athletic performance, but they are important prerequisites for sports participation and success. However, there is scant literature on baseball players' kinanthropometric profiles and their association with performance. Given that Cuban baseball players...
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... results (F Test) showed that each somatotype compo- nent contributed significantly to differ- ences between vectors. Tukey's post hoc test revealed that catchers were significantly more endomorphic than infielders and outfielders, catchers and infielders were significantly more mesomorphic than pitchers, and in- fielders and pitchers were significantly more ectomorphic than catchers and outfielders (Table 4). ...
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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor yapan bedensel engellilerin spora katılım güdülerini, spor ortamında algıladıkları güdüsel iklimi ve başarı hedefi yaklaşımlarını belirlemek ve bu güdüsel yönelim özelliklerini spor yılına ve spor yapma sıklığına göre karşılaştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya, 82 erkek (Xyaş = 28.67, SS=7.04 yıl), 12 kadın (Xyaş = 25.17,...
Citations
... In baseball, tall and heavy pitchers tend to have a higher ball velocity. In a study that analyzed the effects of body composition of elite players playing different positions on baseball performance, pitchers showed higher height, weight, and muscle mass than players in other positions, which were positively correlated with ball velocity (Carvajal et al., 2009). Additionally, in another study on the relationship between physical performance and pitching velocity of pitchers in a professional baseball team tryout, pitchers with higher muscle strength and power had a faster pitching velocity (Huang et al., 2022). ...
This study compared differences in pitching kinematics between normal-weight and overweight high school baseball pitchers. Twenty male pitchers were included in the study. According to the 2020 guidelines on the Body Mass Index (BMI) standard for children and adolescents by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, 10 participants with BMI below the 85% percentile were assigned to the normal-weight group, and 10 participants with BMI above the 85% percentile were assigned to the overweight group. The two groups threw 10 trials for a fastball with maximum effort. Out of 10 trials, three pitches thrown in the strike zone with the fastest velocity were extracted. The mean ball velocity was measured, and the mean and maximum angle and angular velocity of the knee, pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow joints were calculated. The differences in the ball velocity, angle, and angular velocity between the two groups were compared using an independent t-test (p<0.05). There were no differences in mean ball velocity between the two groups. However, compared with the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed smaller knee flexion, trunk forward tilt, trunk rotation, maximum trunk angular velocity, shoulder external rotation and maximum shoulder external rotation, while shoulder abduction and maximum elbow flexion were greater. These results suggest that the overweight group may have a high risk of soft tissue damage in the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints caused by limited movement of the trunk and inefficient movement between the extremities during power pitching.
... (Piñeiro et al., 2017). Los autores encontraron diferencias significativas en función de la posición de juego en la composición corporal, el somatotipo y el rendimiento en ataque de los jugadores, pero no en la proporcionalidad, siendo el somatotipo medio para la mayoría de los jugadores meso-endomorfo (Carvajal Veitía et al., 2009). No obstante, la muestra de este estudio fue reducida, habiendo posiciones en las que se midió a menos de diez jugadores, y limitándose a valorar a jugadores de nacionalidad cubana. ...
La antropometría en las diferentes esferas del deporte es uno de los métodos más utilizados como criterio para la orientación sobre el entrenamiento y sus cargas físicas. En el béisbol esto es de gran importancia y debe relacionarse con las distintas posiciones individuales de los jugadores, son pocos los estudios que han analizado el perfil morfológico del jugador de béisbol universitario. El objetivo fue analizar las características cineantropométricas de los estudiantes de béisbol de la universidad del atlántico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una revisión sistemática de los diferentes estudios publicados, sobre las características cineantropométricas de los estudiantes de béisbol de la universidad del atlántico. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo durante el primer semestre de 2019. Los protocolos antropométricos se realizaron de acuerdo a la Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría o International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Se puede evidenciar que el grupo femenino y masculino muestra un IMC, el (61,5%-56%); ambos grupos presentaron rango normo peso, mientras que el (23,1%15%), arrojaron desnutrición leve; de acuerdo a la masa grasa el (61,5%-56%) presenta rango muy alto y el (38,5%-46); arrojaron rango alto, donde el grupo femenino tiene mayores porcentajes de grasa que los hombres; en relación a la masa muscular el grupo femenino presenta rango bajo en un 69,0%, siendo el grupo masculino con excelente rango 38%; de acuerdo al somatotipo femenino presenta 46,2% fue mesomorfo balanceado, mientras que en el grupo masculino su somatotipo fue endo-mesomorfico el 51%. Lo que refleja un sobrepeso no ideal para el deporte de beisbol. Es recomendable evaluar composición corporal, aplicando técnicas de antropometría, utilizando el Índice de masa corporal como un índice de tamizaje de peso corporal. Además de considerarse las limitaciones de estas variables.
... Baseball is a sport played in different parts of the world.Iit is widely practiced in America, Europe and Japan, 1 and is very popular in some Central American countries, where it is one of the most popular sports. 2 This sport is characterized by presenting great offensive and defensive aspects that require various levels of strength, power, agility, balance, coordination, displacement speed, arm and leg speed, local muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory capacity. 3,4 Physical performance in sports science is considered extremely important to improve competitive performance, although the acquisition of game-specific skills, [5][6][7] as well as body composition, biological maturation and bone health during the growth period are fundamental factors that should be permanently monitored in young athletes and non-athletes. ...
The physical actions developed by baseball players can increase muscular fitness, and consequently improve bone health. The objective was to relate some indicators of muscular fitness to bone health in young baseball players. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 102 children and adolescent baseball players of the Brazilian National Team. The age range ranged from 9.0 to 15.0 years, the average chronological age was 12.2±2.2 years and the maturity status was 14.8±0.5 APHV (age at peak height velocity). Anthropometry, body composition [% fat, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)], physical tests [horizontal jump (HJ) and medicine ball throw (MBT)] bone health was estimated by anthropometry [bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC)]. There was positive and significant correlation between bone health with FFM (r2= 89%) and with muscle strength tests (HJ and MBT) (R2= 55 to 75%). Young baseball players classified with low bone health level, reflected decreased values of FFM, HJ and MBT, in relation to young players classified with moderate and high bone health level (p<0.05). It was shown that good bone health is a consequence of a greater presence of muscular fitness, as a result of increased physical activity. These results suggest that emphasis should be placed on those young people who present a greater risk of having low BMD and BMC.
... Young athletes experience high stress levels regarding their sports and academic performance [9][10][11] . Their sports performance is linked to nervous factors that can be measured through non-invasive methods such as HRV 12,13 , and some authors 4,14 have supported its usefulness for the analysis of the psychophysiological profile, the determination of training zones and the detection of stress recovery processes. ...
Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic modulation can be considered a useful tool in determining the physiological state of the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system.
Objectives: To determine the differences in linear parameters of the basal autonomic balance between medical students and young baseball players.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Biomedical Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty No.1, of the University of Medical Sciences Universidad de Ciencias Médicas in Santiago de Cuba. The population and sample consisted of 36 individuals (Group 1: 18 high-performance young baseball athletes, Group 2: 18 medical students). Data was collected using an 8-channel PowerLab polygraph and it was processed using the Kubios® Software version 3.0.4 Premium.
Results: There were significant differences in the values between students and athletes: pNN50 (p=0.009), stress index (p=0.044) and in parasympathetic (p=0.005) and sympathetic (p=0.001) indexes. The discriminatory ability of the parasympathetic index to be associated with the best physical fitness of the athletes was good (area under the curve 0.784). The optimum cut-off point above which the parasympathetic index is associated with the group of athletes was set at 0.57.
Conclusions: The parasympathetic index was associated with the group of athletes, showing the vagal predominance in the modulation of cardiac activity in the individuals belonging to this group.
Keywords: Heart rate variability, Exercise, Athletes, Baseball, Medical students
... Appropriate stature and adequate somatotype are not the only attributes determining athletic performance, but they are important prerequisites for sports participation and success. [21,22] In the present study, wrestlers had the highest mesomorphy component as well as the least ectomorphy value as compared to other studied sports group (Table 2). Wrestlers and footballers were categorized as endomorphic mesomorph (Figure1). ...
Somatotyping is the overall quantification of the morphology and categorization of physique using three numeral rating. Application of anthropometry and somatotype is well recognized in designing training programs and identifying talented athletes for different sports. 165 Indian elite athletes of different sports (football, wrestling, hockey, combat sports and athletics) including 18 control group individuals were somatotyped according to Heath and Carter devised method. Anthropometric measurements were taken following the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry guidelines. The studied groups differentiated highly between each other while within-group variability was lower as compared to variability within the control group. Upon comparison with Olympic athletes, participants under study exhibited lower mesomorphs and higher endomorphy or ectomorphy.
... 연구에 의하면 조숙한 선수일수록 신장과 체중, 체지방, 근력이 높게 나타났고 (Gouvea et al., 2016;Malina et al., 2004), 선수 선발에 더욱 유리하게 선 정되었으며, 더 많은 시합에 출전한것으로나타났다 (Müller et al., 2017). 또한, 성인 스포츠에서도 체격과 체력이 우 수한 선수들이 높은 경기력 수준을 보이는 것으로 나타나 고 있어 (Carvajal et al., 2009) 받는것으로보여진다(Giletal.,2014;Philippaerts, et al., 2006 Note. ...
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in physique and physical fitness according to maturity between primary and middle school baseball players. Methods Participants were 112 elite youth baseball players (49 primary school; 63 middle school). Skeletal age estimated maturity. Physique (height, arm span, thigh volume), body composition (weight, muscle mass and body fat), physical fitness (strength, power, agility, flexibility, coordination, anaerobic power and aerobic power) were measured. An independent sample t-test was used to conduct verify the difference between physique and physical fitness according to maturity. Results The results of analyzing physical and physical fitness according to maturity showed that there was a significant difference (p<.05) between the early maturation group and on-time group in primary school baseball players, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, sit-up, anaerobic power and reaction time. There was a significant difference between the early maturation group and the on-time group in the middle school baseball players, weight (p<.05), thigh volume (p<.05), fat mass (p<.05), muscle strength (p<.01), power (p<.05) and coordination (p<.05). Conclusions In conclusion, the maturity of a growing baseball player may be influenced by the performance, so maturity status should be considered when judging the performance of a growing baseball player, especially a middle school baseball player.
... Dentro del ámbito de la cineantropometría deportiva son diferentes aspectos los que se pueden valorar. El peso de los deportistas es la medida antropométrica más utilizada, pero por sí solo poco puede aclarar de su composición corporal (2,3). Por ello, el fraccionamiento del peso total en componentes, junto al somatotipo, permite una mejor aproximación al conocimiento del individuo y, en consecuencia, a la selección y orientación de los deportistas en la búsqueda de un máximo rendimiento (3). ...
... Muchos estudios han demostrado diferencias en las variables antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los jugadores de diferentes deportes (2,(12)(13)(14)(15), e incluso diferencias entre deportistas de un mismo deporte según su rol en el equipo (2,13). No obstante, pocos de estos estudios han analizado el béisbol. ...
... Muchos estudios han demostrado diferencias en las variables antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los jugadores de diferentes deportes (2,(12)(13)(14)(15), e incluso diferencias entre deportistas de un mismo deporte según su rol en el equipo (2,13). No obstante, pocos de estos estudios han analizado el béisbol. ...
Introducción: a pesar de que las características antropométricas es uno de los métodos utilizados dentro de la selección de talentos deportivos, son pocos los estudios que han analizado el perfil morfológico del jugador de béisbol de élite.Objetivo: analizar el perfil antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol de élite nacional de forma global y según el puesto ocupado.Material y métodos: Doscientos diecisiete jugadores de béisbol masculino (edad: 23,87 ± 5,32 años) de la División de Honor española participaron en el presente estudio. A todos ellos se les clasificó según su posición de juego y se les realizó una valoración antropométrica. Posteriormente se calculó su somatotipo, composición corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y sumatorio de seis pliegues.Resultados: los jugadores no mostraron diferencias significativas en función de su posición en el campo en la talla, el peso, los pliegues tríceps, subescapular, bíceps, supraespinal, abdominal y pierna, ni en el sumatorio de seis pliegues o el diámetro biestiloideo. Sí que se encontrarondiferencias significativas en el pliegue del muslo, perímetros del brazo contraído y pierna y diámetros biepicondíleo del húmero y fémur. Tampoco se hallaron diferencias significativas en el IMC, la composición corporal o el somatotipo. Los valores de endomorfia fueron altos, los de mesomorfia altos o medio-altos y los de ectomorfia bajos, siendo la clasificación del somatotipo mesoendomorfo o endomorfo-mesomorfo según la posición de juego.Conclusión: existe una gran homogeneidad en el perfil antropométrico de los jugadores de béisbol según su posición de juego, diferenciándose únicamente en algunas variables antropométricas como perímetros y diámetros.
... The research suggests that further biological evidence is required to better understand the multifactorial mechanisms of injuries, what limits competitive performance and how biological qualities aBect initiation and career length of professional play. Anthropometrics is one such area, where previous results report characteristics in oBensive players with respect to neuromechanical abilities (5,19,21), age (2,21), and statistical presence (3,8,9). However, the in?uence of body mass proportion relative to height is relatively unknown, other than anecdotal speculation, amongst Major League baseball pitchers. ...
... In total, 1028 players were analyzed (age 31. 3 This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. ...
... Previous reports showed oBensive players with larger BMIs to reveal greater batting statistics, where pitching statistics diBer (3,9,19 This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. ...
Background:
Among professional pitchers, anthropometric changes and their effect on statistics are relatively unknown. Bivariate analyses and Repeated One- Way ANOVA evaluated the impact of physical size on baseball pitching statistics and attributes within an elite talent sample of Major League pitching leaders.
Methods:
BMI was calculated from publicly available players' heights and weights to form a statistical database of 1,028 pitching leaders from 1950-2010. Repeated measures ANOVAs examined differences in anthropometrics and baseball statistics between decades 1950-2010. Bivariate correlation evaluated BMI as an independent variable of influence on statistics, where all tests applied an a priori significance level (p<0.05).
Results:
BMI increased throughout the sixty year period with weight growth greater than height (p<0.001). Increased BMI reported earlier signing age, and age of debut (p<0.05), where larger pitchers showed small positive correlation seen among saves (p<0.001) concurrent to negative correlation with innings pitched and complete games (p≤ 0.001), as well as shutouts (p<0.05). A contrast between saves and complete games pitched was found where saves increased over time (p<0.001) while complete games pitched declined (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Over time, throwing workloads showed better management for larger starting pitchers with less innings pitched and complete games thrown added to an extra rest day in the pitching rotation. In contrast, paralleled increases in physical size with recorded saves at present requires greater medical and training attention to protecting the throwing arm of the larger relief pitchers, as increased body size can increase force properties and ball velocity owing to greater injury risks.
... This means that among others, body composition, somatotype and proportionality, may be considered as important factors in determining the quality of RGs' and athletic performance in general. Together, these three characteristics describe an individual's morphological profile, which serves as a basis for planning and monitoring athletic training (Carvajal, Ríos, Echevarría, Martínez, Miñoso, & Rodríguez, 2009), and it accounts for both trainable and nontrainable performance factors. Somatotype analysis can provide a synthetic descriptive picture of the anthropometric characteristics of the highlevel athletes (Gualdi-Russo & Zaccagni, 2001), because it is a method for describing the human physique as it refers to an individual's body form as a whole, where endomorphy describes the relative degree of fatness of the body, mesomorphy is characterized by the predominance of muscle, bone and connective tissue, and ectomorphy by linearity and slenderness of built (Peeters, Thomis, Loos, Derom, Fagard, Claessens, Vlietinck, & Beunen, 2007). ...
The purpose of the research was to test and/or determine the possibility of predicting success in RG performance on the basis of gymnasts' somatotypes. One hundred and twenty-six national-and international-level rhythmic gymnasts (age: 11.95±3.09 years, body height: 147.76±14.61 cm, body mass: 37.75±11.72 kg, BMI: 16.79±2.26 kg/m 2, menarcheal age: 13.57±1.18 years, training experience: 5.88±2.79 years), divided into five age group categories (22 beginners, aged 7-9 years; 38 intermediate, aged 9-12 years; 26 advanced, aged 12-14 years; 25 juniors, aged 14-16 years; 15 seniors, aged 16 years and older), volunteered to participate in the study. The obtained results show the central somatotype as the dominant type (except for the seniors: mesomorphic endomorph). By means of Multiple regression analysis, the gymnasts' somatotype statistically significant influence on Success was established only in the group of advanced gymnasts and when considering the sample in total (p<0.00103 and p<0.00325, respectively), with an explanation of 51%, i.e. 11% of the variance, respectively. Also, the Regression analysis emphasized the significant independent contribution of endomorphy to the prediction of Success within each of the five age categories, except the beginners, with a negative relationship among variables (except the seniors): intermediate (p=0.048, b=-0.80375), advanced (p=0.005, b=-0.9930), juniors (p=0.037, b=-1.02015) and seniors (p=0.023, b=2.4164). When considering the sample in total, endomorphy, and mesomorphy gave a significant independent contribution to the prediction of Success in RG (p=0.012 and p=0.009, respectively), with a negative relationship among these independent variables and the dependent one (b=-0.54596 and b=-0.59399, respectively). This research has confirmed the importance of endomorphy for RG performance, and thus unambiguously emphasized the lack of subcutaneous fat as a desirable factor for success in RG.
... [1,2] Sports coaches consider the physical characteristics of players to assign them playing position in team games such as defender, attacker, blocker and smasher basketball and volleyball, [3] batsmen and pitcher in baseball. [4,5] Gualdi and Russo [6] advocate that different physical characteristics of volleyball players fulfill the tactical demand of game according to the playing position. Assessment of the physical characteristics is very important to estimate the competence of individual for team selection and adopting for suitable training program to enhance player's performance [7]. ...
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics and physical strength of the Malaysian cricket batsmen.
Methods: Twenty four top order batsmen from the Malaysian senior, under-19s and under-16s cricket team were recruited for the study. Twenty six anthropometric, four somatotype and two physical strength variables were measured from all participants. Stature were measured by using stadiometer, calipers for skin-fold, non-stretch tape for girth, sliding caliper for segmental lengths and circumferences (breadths) and dynamometers for hand grip and back strength. Cater and heath (1990) equation was used to find the somatotype variables of height-weight ratio, endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyses significant between group differences in the variables.
Results: The senior batsmen were significantly higher than under-19s and under-16s in body mass, relax and flex arm girths, forearm girth, chest girth, waist girth, calf girth, bi-acromial breadth, transvers breadth and hand grip strength. Both senior and under-19s batsmen were significantly higher than under-16s batsmen in arm span, total arm length, humerus and femur breadths. The under-16s batsmen were also significantly lesser than senior in hip girths, hand lengths and bi-ilocrist breadth, and from under-19s in sitting height and total leg length.
Conclusion: Senior batsmen were significantly higher in the anthropometric measurement of girths, breadth and lengths than U-16 because of 10 years age difference. Future research is essential to confirm the relationship between the anthropometric characteristics of batsmen with the batting technique and performance.
