Figure 17 - uploaded by Sokol Dervishi
Content may be subject to copyright.
Similar publications
Citations
Cities and towns are expanding and thriving as a result of urbanization, which also significantly changes the local climate. One of the most significant phenomena associated with urbanization is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This phenomenon is increasingly being studied worldwide. The paper aims to investigate the UHI phenomenon in the metropolitan area of Tirana, Albania. It analyses the impact of the UHI on four specific locations in Tirana, its causes and mitigation measures, as well as variations in surface temperature, CO2 emissions, and relative humidity. The regions are measured and observed using a specific instrument such as the Testo 435. Considering the mean surface temperature variations between urban and rural regions ranging from 28.4°C to 33.7 °C, CO2 emissions from 302.9 ppm to 416.2 ppm, and relative humidity from 34.1% to 41.2%, it is found that the UHI impact in Tirana is significant. The lack of green spaces, high building density, urban patterns, building materials used, transport, and energy use are the main contributors to the UHI in central Tirana. Increasing green spaces, using reflective materials, and promoting sustainable urban design are some of the mitigation techniques suggested to reduce the UHI effect in Tirana.
During seismic vibrations several damages occur in the overall structure or in specific structural members. The damages are sometimes multiplied by the impact coming from the abutting buildings because of the insufficient distance in-between buildings. Usually, the most serious cases of collisions between structures are when buildings own different dynamic characteristics and structural damages to both structural and nonstructural elements are multiplied during the impact of buildings. In seismic countries, it is essential to provide the necessary measurements to avoid the possible collision of buildings. In this paper, a parametric study is taken to recognize the factors that influence the displacement of structures the most. Two models of Reinforced Concrete buildings are prepared and different combinations of structural parameters are made to derive the needed conclusions of the study through a comparative evaluation.
