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Maximum parsimony phylogram showing phylogenetic relationships of Conlarium duplumascospora with closely related taxa based on LSU rDNA. Bootstrap support values above 50% are above the branches. Thickened branches represent significant Bayesian posterior probability ($ 95%). The tree is rooted with Phaeosphaeria typharum.
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Conlarium duplumascospora gen. et. sp. nov. and Jobellisia guangdongensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from submerged wood collected from Guangdong Province, China. Conlarium duplumascospora is characterized by gregarious, coriaceous and beaked ascomata; cylindrical, unitunicate asci with a bipartite apical ring; biseriate, fusiform, hyal...
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... Morphological characteristics were examined and photo-documented using a Nikon 80i microscope with differential interference contrast. At least 30 measurements for each structure were made according to methods described by Liu et al. (2012). The dry cultures were deposited in the Fungarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS), while living cultures were deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) and LC Culture Collection (personal culture collection held in the Lei Cai's lab). ...
... Material examined:-CHINA. Notes:-Conlarium is a holomorphic genus and typified by C. duplumascosporum (Liu et al. 2012). Most Conlarium species are saprobes and have been found on bamboo (Poaceae), Ficus virens (Moraceae), or dead branches of woody plants in freshwater and terrestrial habitats (Liu et al. 2012, Phookamsak et al. 2019, Dong et al. 2021, Dubey and Manikpuri 2021. ...
... Notes:-Conlarium is a holomorphic genus and typified by C. duplumascosporum (Liu et al. 2012). Most Conlarium species are saprobes and have been found on bamboo (Poaceae), Ficus virens (Moraceae), or dead branches of woody plants in freshwater and terrestrial habitats (Liu et al. 2012, Phookamsak et al. 2019, Dong et al. 2021, Dubey and Manikpuri 2021. Few species were reported as endophytes isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere, e.g., C. baiseense, C. nanningense and C. sacchari (Xie et al. 2019). ...
During an ongoing investigation of bambusicolous fungi in Sichuan province, China, five hyphomycetous taxa were collected and recognized as members of Sordariomycetes. Based on morphological comparisons, culture characteristics, and the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1α sequence dataset, five species, viz. Conioscypha sichuanensis, Conlarium guizhouense, Rhexoacrodictys fimicola, R. melanospora, Wongia bambusae are identified. Conioscypha sichuanensis formed a sister lineage to Conio. bambusicola, which was also found from a bamboo host but can be distinguished from Conio. sichuanensis by different conidial shape. Wongia bambusae is characterized by unbranched, septate conidiophores and cylindric-fusiform conidia, and is most similar to W. ficherai. However, they are phylogenetically distinct. Conlarium guizhouense and R. melanospora, were recollected from the bamboo hosts in terrestrial habitats and reported as new host records in this study. Detailed descriptions and notes on the phylogenetic placement of these species are provided.
... However, like the case of Vanakripa and Conioscypha, the phylogenetic placement of Riomyces rotundu is problematic as it nested within Conlarium, but the two genera can be distinguished morphologically (Yuan et al. 2020;Dong et al. 2021a). Conlarium is characterized by partially immersed to superficial ascomata with a long neck, branched and septate paraphyses, conspicuous apical ring of asci and biseriate, hyaline, fusiform, 0-5-septate ascospores with or without globose or papillary appendages at one or both ends (Liu et al. 2012). Riomyces has immersed to erumpent ascomata with a short neck, hamathecium with globose, deliquescent cells, asci without apical apparatus and overlapping uniseriate, hyaline, broadly ellipsoidal-fusiform, 3-septate ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath (Ferrer et al. 2012). ...
... Notes: Conlarium comprises eight saprobic, lignicolous species from freshwater and terrestrial environments or endophytes on sugarcane rhizosphere from China and Thailand (Liu et al. 2012;Zhang et al. 2017b;Phookamsak et al. 2019;Xie et al. 2019;Dong et al. 2021a;Dubey and Manikpuri 2021). Conlarium dupliciascosporum, the generic type, is the only holomorphic species in the genus. ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... (3%) and Conlarium duplumascospora (3%) were abundant. It is noteworthy that Conlarium duplumascospora has been shown to play an important role in degrading woody debris and leaves in submerged freshwater environments (Liu et al., 2012). The fungal community in the filter was diverse and could be linked to the utilisation of cork material together with cell debris from detached PBR biofilms that flow to the filter acting as periphyton (a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus attached to solid substrates that are able to release C-labile exudates in aquatic ecosystems). ...
Groundwater pollution has increased in recent years due to the intensification of agricultural and livestock activities. This results in a significant reduction in available freshwater resources. Here, we have studied the long term assessment of a green technology (1–4 L/day) based on a photobioreactor (PBR) containing immobilised microalgae–bacteria in polyurethane foam (PF) followed by a cork filter (CF) for removing nitrates, pesticides (atrazine and bromacil), and antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and sulfacetamide) from groundwater. The prototype was moderately effective for removing nitrates (58%) at an HRT of 8 days, while its efficiency decreased at a HRT of 4 and 2 days (<20% removal). The combined use of PBR-CF enabled antibiotics and pesticides to be attenuated by up to 95% at an HRT of 8 days, but their attenuation decreased with shorter HRT, with pesticides being the compounds most affected (reducing from 97 to 98% at an HRT of 8 days to 23–45% at an HRT of 2 days). Pesticide transformation products were identified after the CF, supporting biodegradation as the main attenuation process. A gene-based metataxonomic assessment linked the attenuation of micropollutants to the presence of specific pesticide biodegradation species (e.g. genus Phenylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae, and Caulobacteraceae). Therefore, the results highlighted the potential use of microalgae and cork to treat polluted groundwater.
... The genus Conlarium was introduced by Liu et al. (2012) with C. dupliciascosporum as type species. Sexual morph of C. dupliciascosporum was reported from submerged wood in a freshwater stream, which has dark brown to black ascomata with a long neck, cylindrical asci with a large apical ring and fusiform ascospores with or without papillary appendages, while asexual morph was reproduced from culture, characterized by micronematous or semimicronematous conidiophores, monoblastic, doliiform, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and mostly irregular, brown, muriform conidia (Liu et al. 2012). ...
... The genus Conlarium was introduced by Liu et al. (2012) with C. dupliciascosporum as type species. Sexual morph of C. dupliciascosporum was reported from submerged wood in a freshwater stream, which has dark brown to black ascomata with a long neck, cylindrical asci with a large apical ring and fusiform ascospores with or without papillary appendages, while asexual morph was reproduced from culture, characterized by micronematous or semimicronematous conidiophores, monoblastic, doliiform, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and mostly irregular, brown, muriform conidia (Liu et al. 2012). Conlarium was originally assigned in Sordariomycetidae or Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis (Liu et al. 2012, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015. ...
... Sexual morph of C. dupliciascosporum was reported from submerged wood in a freshwater stream, which has dark brown to black ascomata with a long neck, cylindrical asci with a large apical ring and fusiform ascospores with or without papillary appendages, while asexual morph was reproduced from culture, characterized by micronematous or semimicronematous conidiophores, monoblastic, doliiform, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and mostly irregular, brown, muriform conidia (Liu et al. 2012). Conlarium was originally assigned in Sordariomycetidae or Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis (Liu et al. 2012, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015. Zhang et al. (2017) introduced the first asexual morph of Conlarium, namely C. aquaticum on natural substrate and established Conlariaceae to accommodate Conlarium. ...
A new hyphomycetous species, Conlarium sichuanense was found on dead branches of Ficus virens (Moraceae) from a terrestrial habitat in Sichuan Province, China. The new species has sporodochial colonies on natural substate, with micronematous conidiophores and muriform, brown and subglobose to irregular-shaped conidia. The phylogenetic analysis based on combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data showed that Conlarium sichuanense clustered together with C. aquaticum and C. thailandense and presented as a distinct lineage. A detailed, illustrated description and comparison with related Conlarium species are provided.
... Measurements and photographs of characteristic structures were made according to methods described by Liu et al. [32], and for each structure 30 measurements were made. Microscopic preparations were made in clear H 2 O, observed and photographed using a Nikon SMZ-1000 dissecting microscope (DM), an OLYMPUS light microscope (LM) or a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM). ...
The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola and Rubroshiraia bambusae are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of S. bambusicola and R. bambusae do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel Shiraia-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, Pseudoshiraia conidialis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in P. conidialis CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type P. conidialis strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of Shiraia-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.
... improve the sporulation, mycelial plugs (5 mm) from the margin of actively growing cultures were transferred to the center of Petri dishes (90 mm) containing oatmeal agar (OA; Crous et al. 2009) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA; Nirenberg 1976) and incubated at room temperature (25 ± 3 C) in the dark for 10 d. Measurements and photographs of characteristic structures were made according to methods described by Liu et al. (2012), and for each structure 30 measurements were made. Appressoria were observed on slide cultures according to Su et al. (2012). ...
Twenty-seven Colletotrichum isolates associated with asymptomatic tissues of bamboo (Bambusoideae, Gramineae) were isolated from Anhui, Beijing, and Guangxi in China. Based on multilocus (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], chitin synthase [CHS], actin [ACT], beta-tubulin [TUB2]) phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, three species were distinguished, including two novel species, C. bambusicola and C. guangxiense, and one known species, C. metake, which is a first report for China. These species have hitherto only been discovered on Bambusoideae, indicating that they probably have host preference.
... Photomicrographs were taken using a Nikon 80i microscope with differential interference contrast. Measurements for each structure were made according to methods described by Liu et al. (2012). The dry cultures were deposited in the Herbarium of Microbiology, Academia Sinica (HMAS), while living cultures were deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) and LC Culture Collection (personal culture collection held in the lab of Dr Lei Cai). ...
Karst caves are characterized by darkness, low temperature, high humidity, and oligotrophic organisms due to its relatively closed and strongly zonal environments. Up to now, 1626 species in 644 genera of fungi have been reported from caves and mines worldwide. In this study, we investigated the culturable mycobiota in karst caves in southwest China. In total, 251 samples from thirteen caves were collected and 2344 fungal strains were isolated using dilution plate method. Preliminary ITS analyses showed that these strains belonged to 610 species in 253 genera. Among these species, 88.0% belonged to Ascomycota, 8.0% Basidiomycota, 1.9% Mortierellomycota, 1.9% Mucoromycota, and 0.2% Glomeromycota. The majority of these species have been previously known from other environments, and some of them are known as mycorrhizal or pathogenic fungi. About 52.8% of these species were discovered for the first time in karst caves. Based on morphological and phylogenetic distinctions, 33 new species were identified and described in this paper. Meanwhile, one new genus of Cordycipitaceae, Gamszarea, and five new combinations are established. This work further demonstrated that Karst caves encompass a high fungal diversity, including a number of previously unknown species.
Taxonomic novelties: New genus: Gamszarea Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai; Novel species: Amphichorda cavernicola, Aspergillus limoniformis, Aspergillus phialiformis, Aspergillus phialosimplex, Auxarthron chinense, Auxarthron guangxiense, Auxarthronopsis globiasca, Auxarthronopsis pedicellaris, Auxarthronopsis pulverea, Auxarthronopsis stercicola, Chrysosporium pallidum, Gamszarea humicola, Gamszarea lunata, Gamszarea microspora, Gymnoascus flavus, Jattaea reniformis, Lecanicillium magnisporum, Microascus collaris, Microascus levis, Microascus sparsimycelialis, Microascus superficialis, Microascus trigonus, Nigrospora globosa, Paracremonium apiculatum, Paracremonium ellipsoideum, Paraphaeosphaeria hydei, Pseudoscopulariopsis asperispora, Setophaeosphaeria microspora, Simplicillium album, Simplicillium humicola, Wardomycopsis dolichi, Wardomycopsis ellipsoconidiophora, Wardomycopsis fusca; New combinations: Gamszarea indonesiaca (Kurihara & Sukarno) Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai, Gamszarea kalimantanensis (Kurihara & Sukarno) Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai, Gamszarea restricta (Hubka, Kubátová, Nonaka, Čmoková & Řehulka) Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai, Gamszarea testudinea (Hubka, Kubátová, Nonaka, Čmoková & Řehulka) Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai, Gamszarea wallacei (H.C. Evans) Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai.
... JN936993; Identities = 774/816 (95%), Gaps 2/816). Conlarium duplumascosporum was introduced by Liu et al. (2012) and its asexual morph was produced in culture. Morphologically, C. duplumascosporum and Pseudoconlarium punctiforme share similar conidial size (15.5-35 ...
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.
... The genus Conlarium, described by Liu et al. (2012), belongs to the Conlariaceae, a family of freshwater ascomycetes (Zhang et al. 2017). This genus includes three species: C. duplumascospora, C. aquaticum, and C. thailandense. ...
... This genus includes three species: C. duplumascospora, C. aquaticum, and C. thailandense. In these species, C. duplumascospora and C. aquaticum were isolated from submerged woody samples in streams (Liu et al. 2012;Zhang et al. 2017) and C. thailandense was isolated from dead wood (Phookamsak et al. 2019). During our ongoing survey of dark septate endophytes which inhabit sugarcane rhizosphere in Guangxi province, China, three undescribed species with the morphological characteristics of the genus Conlarium were isolated by the baiting method. ...
... Conlarium nanningense is similar to the asexual morph of C. aquaticum, C. duplumascospora, and C. thailandense. They all have monoblastic, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and mostly irregular, brown, clathrate, muriform conidia (Liu et al. 2012). However, C. nanningense can be easily distinguished from C. aquaticum, C. duplumascospora, and C. thailandense by the number of conidial septa (2-4-transversely septate, 1-3-longitudinally septate in C. duplumascospora; 6-12-transverse septa, 4-10-longitudinal septa in C. aquaticum; 4-8-transverse septa, 4-6-longitudinal septa in C. thailandense vs 0-1 transversely septa, 0-4 longitudinal septa in C. nanningense) and conidial size (15.5-35 ...
Three new species isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere in China, namely Conlariumbaiseensesp. nov., C.nanningensesp. nov., and C.saccharisp. nov., are described and illustrated. Molecular evidence (phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data) and phenotypical characters support their independent status from related and similar species. The new species, as dark spetate endophytes, inhabit sugarcane rhizosphere and can form a symbiosis with sugarcane.
