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Maximum parsimony phylogram inferred from nrLSU DNA sequences of selected Clavariaceae species. Numbers above branches represent maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian posterior probabilies (BA) bootstrap values respectively. Missing Bayesian bootstrap support is marked by asterix. Abbreviations: Cl. 5 Clavaria, Cu. 5 Clavulinopsis, M. 5 Mucronella, R. 5 Ramariopsis, T 5 type specimens (epi-or neotype). Sequences obtained during this study are in boldface.
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A taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of some representatives of Clavariaceae is presented based on extensive collecting in central and western Europe. Five species originally described from Europe are identified, redescribed and delimited: Clavaria fragilis, Ramariopsis crocea, R. corniculata, R. helvola and R. pulchella. Lectotypes, epitypes or...
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... The resupinate wood-inhabiting genus Hyphodontiella was shown to belong in the Clavariaceae too by Larsson (2007). Kautmanová et al. (2012a) included in their phylogenetic analysis of Clavariaceae the type of Clavaria (C. fragilis), confirming the previous assumptions. ...
... Finally, inequilateral (asymmetrically rhomboidal, triangular…), goniosporous, or bumped basidiospores similar to those of Asproinocybe and Tricholosporum are also present in several species of Calocybella, Gerhardtia, Lyophyllum, and Sagaranella (Hongo & Clémençon 1983, Clémençon 1986b, Hofstetter et al. 2002, Mešić & Tkalčec 2009, Endo et al. 2019, 2022, Latha et al. 2020, Mu et al. 2021. Other families containing both genera with inequilateral or bumped basidiospores and genera with smooth and regular spores are known in Agaricales, e.g., Tetrapyrgos in Marasmiaceae (Horak 1983, Honan et al. 2015, Komura et al. 2020, Rhodotus in Physalacriaceae , Tang et al. 2014, Mycenella in Cyphellaceae (Boekhout 1985, 1999b, Komorowska 2005, Malysheva & Morozova 2005, Inocybe sensu stricto in Crepidotaceae-Inocybaceae (Horak 1979b, Matheny et al. 2020b, Clavaria in Clavariaceae (Petersen 1988, Geesink & Bas 1992, Kautmanová et al. 2012a, b, Olariaga et al. 2015, Franchi & Marchetti 2021, and Catatrama in Amanitaceae (Franco-Molano 1991, Yang et al. 2018). Historically, Kühner & Romagnesi (1953) had already underlined morphological affinities between Tricholoma goniospermum and Lyophyllum sensu lato, and invalidly transferred Tricholoma cossonianum to Lyophyllum (nom. ...
The phylogenetic position of several clitocyboid/pleurotoid/tricholomatoid genera previously considered incertae sedis is here resolved using an updated 6-gene dataset of Agaricales including newly sequenced lineages and more complete data from those already analyzed before. Results allowed to infer new phylogenetic relationships, and propose taxonomic novelties to accommodate them, including up to ten new families and a new suborder. Giacomia (for which a new species from China is here described) forms a monophyletic clade with Melanoleuca (Melanoleucaceae) nested inside suborder Pluteineae, together with the families Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae (including Leucocortinarius), Limnoperdaceae and Volvariellaceae. The recently described family Asproinocybaceae is shown to be a later synonym of Lyophyllaceae (which includes also Omphaliaster and Trichocybe) within suborder Tricholomatineae. The families Biannulariaceae, Callistosporiaceae, Clitocybaceae, Fayodiaceae, Macrocystidiaceae (which includes Pseudoclitopilus), Entolomataceae, Pseudoclitocybaceae (which includes Aspropaxillus), Omphalinaceae (Infundibulicybe and Omphalina) and the new families Paralepistaceae and Pseudoomphalinaceae belong also to Tricholomatineae. The delimitation of the suborder Pleurotineae (= Schizophyllineae) is discussed and revised, accepting five distinct families within it, viz. Pleurotaceae, Cyphellopsidaceae, Fistulinaceae, Resupinataceae and Schizophyllaceae. The recently proposed suborder Phyllotopsidineae (= Sarcomyxineae) is found to encompass the families Aphroditeolaceae, Pterulaceae, Phyllotopsidaceae, Radulomycetaceae, Sarcomyxaceae (which includes Tectella), and Stephanosporaceae, all of them unrelated to Pleurotaceae (suborder Pleurotineae) or Typhulaceae (suborder Typhulineae). The new family Xeromphalinaceae, encompassing the genera Xeromphalina and Heimiomyces, is proposed within Marasmiineae. The suborder Hygrophorineae is here reorganized into the families Hygrophoraceae, Cantharellulaceae, Cuphophyllaceae, Hygrocybaceae and Lichenomphaliaceae, to homogenize the taxonomic rank of the main clades inside all suborders of Agaricales. Finally, the genus Hygrophorocybe is shown to represent a distinct clade inside Cuphophyllaceae, and the new combination H. carolinensis is proposed.
... L. (Burt 1922;Coker 1923Coker , 1947 and the major diversity is believed to be in tropical and subtropical regions (Corner 1950). Currently, Clavariaceae includes 125 species distributed in seven genera, of which five are clavarioid -Clavaria, Clavulinopsis Overeem, Mucronella Fr., Ramariopsis (Donk) Corner (Kirk et al. 2008;Kautmanová et al. 2012;Birkebak et al. 2016)-and three are agaricoid genera -Camarophyllopsis Herink, Hodophilus R. Heim. ex R. Heim and Lamelloclavaria Birkebak & Adamcíkthat have been added to the family based on phylogenetic analysis in recent years (Birkebak et al. 2016). ...
Seventy-two clavarioid specimens from Johannes Rick's collection at PACA and BPI were revised. Eleven taxa are presented. Illustrations of the microstructures are provided for nine taxa. The description of Scytinopogon robustus includes information from recently collected specimens and SEM photographs of the basidiospores. A new combination, Clavulina ridleyi, is proposed.
... Compared with other species of Agaricales, Clavariaceae species have few morphological characteristics for taxonomy, which made it difficult to classify or identify species or subspecies from the family Clavariaceae accurately. The introduction of molecular markers, including LSU nrDNA, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), nuclear ribosomal 28S, and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) has promoted the revision of taxonomic concept and phylogeny of Clavariaceae species (Birkebak et al. 2016;Dentinger and McLaughlin 2006;Kautmanova et al. 2012a;Olariaga et al. 2015). ...
In the present study, the complete mitogenome of Clavaria fumosa, was sequenced, assembled, and compared. The complete mitogenome of C. fumosa is 256,807 bp in length and is the largest mitogenomes among all Basidiomycota mitogenomes reported. Comparative mitogenomic analysis indicated that the C. fumosa mitogenome contained the most introns and intronic ORFs among all fungal mitogenomes. Large intergenic regions, intronic regions, accumulation of repeat sequences and plasmid-derived genes together promoted the size expansion of the C. fumosa mitogenome. In addition, the rps3 gene was found subjected to positive selection between some Agaricales species. We found frequent intron gain/loss events in Agaricales mitogenomes, and four novel intron classes were detected in the C. fumosa mitogenome. Large-scale gene rearrangements were found occurred in Agaricales species and the C. fumosa mitogenome had a unique gene arrangement which differed from other Agaricales species. Phylogenetic analysis for 76 Basidiomycetes based on combined mitochondrial gene sets indicated that mitochondrial genes could be used as effective molecular markers for reconstructing evolution of Basidiomycota. The study served as the first report on the mitogenomes of the family Clavariaceae, which will promote the understanding of the genetics, evolution and taxonomy of C. fumosa and related species.
... Recent phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA (nrLSU) sequences support the monophyly of Ramariopsis species with ornamented spores, clamps in trama and branched basidiomata (subgen. Ramariopsis), and suggest a paraphyletic origin of the remaining taxa with (almost) smooth spores (Kautmanová et al. 2012). Different generic and infrageneric concepts of Ramariopsis and allied taxa are presented by various authors (e.g., Corner 1950Corner , 1970Petersen 1978;Jülich 1984Jülich , 1985Hansen & Knudsen 1997;Krieglsteiner 2000;Olariaga & Salcedo 2012). ...
... Different generic and infrageneric concepts of Ramariopsis and allied taxa are presented by various authors (e.g., Corner 1950Corner , 1970Petersen 1978;Jülich 1984Jülich , 1985Hansen & Knudsen 1997;Krieglsteiner 2000;Olariaga & Salcedo 2012). Even though molecular methods have been applied, many problems remain unsolved (García-Sandoval et al. 2005;Dentinger & Mclaughlin 2006;Kautmanová et al. 2012). According to Kirk et al. (2008), Ramariopsis is represented by ca 44 species worldwide. ...
Although general knowledge of Ramariopsis subarctica Pilát has advanced in the past four decades, there is still little understanding of how the species is distributed and which aspects of the environment determine its distribution. This paper presents the first Polish collections of the species. Hitherto unknown in Poland, R. subarctica is reported from two localities in subalpine belts of the West Tatra Mts and Karkonosze Mts. The morphology of newly collected basidiomata of the fungus is described, illustrated and commented, and some basic chemical parameters of its habitat in the Karkonosze Mts are given. All available published material relevant to the global distribution and ecology of R. subarctica is reviewed.
... However, the later one may be differentiated by its more fragile fruit body coloured pinkish tint. Based on the similar colouration of the fruit body and absence of clamps, Clavaria fragilis is closer to C. fumosa but differ by its less sturdy, more fragile fruitbody and has larger spores [28]. The characteristic features of C. nebula like longer basidiospores (> 6 µm) and tendency of the fruitbody to become blackish on drying clearly distinguish it from C. fumosa [29]. ...
West Bengal is a treasure house of fungal diversity due to its geo-climatic conditions. Altogether
seven species belonging to the family Clavariaceae (four species), Dacrymycetaceae (two species) and
Pterulaceae (one species) were collected from different corners of West Bengal and reported herein with
detailed morpho-anatomical features.
... Basidiospores in 1-sterigmate basidia may be larger than in 2-sterigmate basidia because there are more nutrients available. Similar abnormalities in basidiospore sizes produced on 1-2-sterigmate and 4-sterigmate basidia were already observed in other fungi (Lebel and Castellano 2002;Kautmanová et al. 2012). The specimens collected in September 2015 from Benin were not fully mature. ...
The order Ceraceosorales (Ustilaginomycotina) currently includes the single genus Ceraceosorus, with one species, Ceraceosorus bombacis, parasitic on Bombax ceiba in India. The diversity, biogeography, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of this order are still relatively unknown. Here, a second species of Ceraceosorus is described from West Africa as a novel species, Ceraceosorus africanus, infecting Bombax costatum in Benin, Ghana, and Togo. This species produces conspicuous fructifications, similar to corticioid basidiomata when mature, but sorus-like in early stages of ontogenetic development. The fructifications cover much of the leaf surface and resemble leaf blight. This contrasts with the inconspicuous fructifications of C. bombacis comprising small spots scattered over the lower leaf surface that resemble leaf spot. Both species of Ceraceosorus differ in several micromorphological traits, infect different host plant species in widely separated geographical areas, and are separated by a considerable genetic distance in 28S rDNA and RPB2 genes. The distinct corticioid fructification of C. africanus is a unique morphological trait within the Ustilaginomycotina. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a single gene dataset (D1/D2 28S rDNA) supported the monophyly of the two Ceraceosorus species and the Ceraceosorales and their placement within the Ustilaginomycotina. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene dataset (18S/5.8S/28S rDNA/RPB2/TEF1) revealed Exobasidium rhododendri (Exobasidiales) as the closest relative of Ceraceosorus, both clustering together with Entyloma calendulae (Entylomatales), indicating affinities to the Exobasidiomycetes. This phylogenetic placement is in agreement with ultrastructural characteristics (presence of local interaction zone and interaction apparatus) reported for the Ceraceosorales, Entylomatales, and Exobasidiales.
... Since Clavariaceae was defined by Chevallier (1826) the circumscription of the family has changed. The most species-rich genera in the family are Clavaria Fr., Clavulinopsis v. Ov. and Ramariopsis Donk , Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Birkebak et al. 2013. The other genera currently included in the family are Camarophyllopsis Herink, Clavicorona Doty, Hirticlavula J.H. Petersen & Laessøe, Hyphodontiella Å. Strid and Mucronella Fr. (Birkebak et al. 2013, Petersen et al. 2014. ...
... Clavariaceae now includes ca. 110 known species that are mostly distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere , Thind & Rattan 1967, Petersen 1964, 1965, 1975, 1988, Petersen 1999, García-Sandoval et al., 2005, Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Shiryaev 2009, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Olariaga et al. 2015. Compared with temperate regions of Europe or North America, there are few collections from tropical and subtropical regions, although it is believed that the family is very diverse in these areas . ...
... The dimorphism and the shapes of the basidiospores of Clavulinopsis dimorphica do not fit Corner's infrageneric classification . Also, • Phytotaxa 253 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press it has been suggested that the spore morphology has changed several times during the diversification of the genus and should not be used to separate groups (Kautmanová et al. 2012). Clavulinopsis corniculata and Cs. ...
Fourteen species in three genera of Clavariaceae from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described (six Clavaria, seven Clavulinopsis and one Ramariopsis). Clavaria diverticulata, Clavulinopsis dimorphica and Clavulinopsis imperata are new species, and Clavaria gibbsiae, Clavaria fumosa and Clavulinopsis helvola are reported for the first time for the country. Illustrations of the basidiomata and the microstructures are provided for all taxa, as well as SEM images of ornamented basidiospores which occur in Clavulinopsis helvola and Ramariopsis kunzei. A key to the Clavariaceae of Brazil is also included.
... Since Clavariaceae was defined by Chevallier (1826) the circumscription of the family has changed. The most species-rich genera in the family are Clavaria Fr., Clavulinopsis v. Ov. and Ramariopsis Donk , Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Birkebak et al. 2013. The other genera currently included in the family are Camarophyllopsis Herink, Clavicorona Doty, Hirticlavula J.H. Petersen & Laessøe, Hyphodontiella Å. Strid and Mucronella Fr. (Birkebak et al. 2013, Petersen et al. 2014. ...
... Clavariaceae now includes ca. 110 known species that are mostly distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere , Thind & Rattan 1967, Petersen 1964, 1965, 1975, 1988, Petersen 1999, García-Sandoval et al., 2005, Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Shiryaev 2009, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Olariaga et al. 2015. Compared with temperate regions of Europe or North America, there are few collections from tropical and subtropical regions, although it is believed that the family is very diverse in these areas . ...
... The dimorphism and the shapes of the basidiospores of Clavulinopsis dimorphica do not fit Corner's infrageneric classification . Also, • Phytotaxa 253 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press it has been suggested that the spore morphology has changed several times during the diversification of the genus and should not be used to separate groups (Kautmanová et al. 2012). Clavulinopsis corniculata and Cs. ...
... DNA was extracted from dried and fresh basidiomata. The LSU nrDNA sequences were obtained from 80 isolates of Clavariaceae , 20 of them (GU299491–GU299510) were published in Kautmanová et al. (2012), additional 60 specimens, 19 of them with dark basidiomata, are listed inTable 1 and 2. DNA was extracted and purified with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Crawley , West Sussex, UK) or PowerSoil™ DNA Isolation Kit (Mo-Bio, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol. ...
Clavaria species with dark basidiomata occurring in Europe were analysed using morphological and molecular methods. Morphological analyses revealed four groups containing seven Clavaria species with dark basidiomata. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU nrDNA region confirmed the separate positions of all seven Clavaria species within the genus. All sequences were grouped in four well-supported clades, mostly corresponding to defined morphological species. The results of the molecular study are inconsistent with the infrageneric classification of Clavaria based on the presence or absence of clamps on the bases of basidia and two widely accepted subgenera.
Clavaria and Holocoryne appear to be polyphyletic. A new approach in species delimitation is presented:
1) C. asperulispora and C. atrofusca are two distinct species recognized by the shape of their spores, and the name C. neo-nigrita is a possible synonym of C. asperulispora; 2) species with clustered fragile basidiomata, C. fumosa and Clavaria cf. fuscoferruginea, which are almost identical in shape and size of spores differing only in the darker
basidiomata of the latter, are phylogenetically unrelated; 3) Clavaria atrobadia is a dubious species, the name being most likely a synonym of C. fuscoferruginea; 4) two species with close morphological and phylogenetic affinity, C. atroumbrina and C. pullei, are distinguished based on the more oblong and narrower spores of the former. Comparison of European and North American material suggests the transatlantic nature of the distribution of C. asperulispora, C. atroumbrina and C. fumosa.
... Since Clavariaceae was defined by Chevallier (1826) the circumscription of the family has changed. The most species-rich genera in the family are Clavaria Fr., Clavulinopsis v. Ov. and Ramariopsis Donk (Corner 1970, Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Birkebak et al. 2013). The other genera currently included in the family are Camarophyllopsis Herink, Clavicorona Doty, Hirticlavula J.H. Petersen & Laessøe, Hyphodontiella Å. Strid and Mucronella Fr. (Birkebak et al. 2013, Petersen et al. 2014). ...
... Clavariaceae now includes ca. 110 known species that are mostly distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere (Burt 1922, Coker 1923, Corner 1950, 1970, Thind 1961, Thind & Rattan 1967, Petersen 1964, 1965, 1968, 1975, 1988, Petersen 1999, García-Sandoval et al., 2005, Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Shiryaev 2009, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Olariaga et al. 2015). Compared with temperate regions of Europe or North America, there are few collections from tropical and subtropical regions, although it is believed that the family is very diverse in these areas (Corner 1950). ...
... Additionally, Ca. diverticulata has secondarily septate basidia that are not present in Ca. martinii. The presence of diverticulate hyphae has not been described for Clavaria by other authors (e.g., Burt 1922; Corner 1957 Corner , 1967a Corner , 1967b Petersen 1964; Kautmanová et al. 2012; Birkebak et al. 2013). This morphological feature could have taxonomic significance for the genus and we suggest that related species should always be checked for this character which we consider to be diagnostic for Ca. ...
Cultural characters of seven wood-rotting polypores (Aphyllophorates) collected in Santa Catarina Island (Southern Brazil) were studied according to Nobles' system (1965). Little or nothing was known of the cultural characteristics of these polypores. The species arc Phellinus apiahynus (Speg.) Rajchenb. & Wright, Antrodiella multipileata Loguercio-Leite & Wright, Fomitella supina (Sw.: Fr.) Murr., Megasporoporia cavernulosa (Berk.) Ryv., Perenniporia stipitata Ryv., Rigidoporus microporus (Fr.) Overeem and Trametes pavonia (Hook.) Ryv. The cultural characteristics were helpful in distinguishing the species, specially in Fomitella supina, Antrodiella multipileata and Trametes pavonia.
